Guest Lecture at University of Mataram (UNRAM).pdf

1. Important Energy
Transition trends
for NTB Province
Keynote Presentation
by Mr Tim Anderson
Guest Lecture at University of Mataram
Monday, 20 November 2023

2. Tim Anderson
LLB. BCom. AAMINZ, Barrister & Solicitor of the High
Court of New Zealand, NZ Environment Court
Commissioner, Former NZ Trade Commissioner to
Indonesia
Tim is President Director of Renewable Energy developer SunCable -
developer of the world's largest dispatchable renewable energy
project combining more than 20 GWp of Solar PV and Wind
generation, 42 GWh of BESS and 4,200 km of HVDC subsea cable.
● Based in Indonesia for more than 30 years and fluent in
Bahasa
● Has been a Diplomat, Energy Consultant, Lawyer and run the
operation of one of the world's largest engineering and
solutions advisory firms, Jacobs
● Deep experience in the financial, legal, policy and technical
aspects of developing renewable energy in Asia
● Has moderated and presented at many international energy
and infrastructure conferences over the last 12 years in
Indonesia, rest of Asia and Australasia
President Director
Introduction
SunCable Indonesia

3. ● Introduction - SunCable
● The Global Mega trends in Energy
Transition
● Policy Making Considerations
● ESG Principles in Action
● Why is this relevant to NTB?
● Conclusions
● Q&A
Presentation Overview

7. World’s largest
battery 42 GWh
World’s longest
undersea cable
4200 km
World’s largest
solar farm 20 GWp
Set to supply low emissions power from
Australia to Asia via a USD 28bn project
Our progress:
• New owners: Grok Ventures
• 27,500 km of marine survey in Indonesia
already completed
• Working with Indonesia to deliver
significant economic benefits
• Progressing application to Singapore for
electricity import licence
• Engaging Australian Government to
provide critical financial and other
support

8. AAPowerLink
Significant Long-Term
Benefits Projected for
Indonesia
Inter-island
Connectors
Eastern Indonesia
under Exploration
7,500+
Jobs Created in
Indonesia
US$ 2.5bn
Investment in Indonesia

9. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022 9
Where is the best Solar PV Energy?

10. 12,000ha
Solar Farm

11. 750km
500Kv HVDC
OHTL

13. 4300km 525Kv
HVDC Subsea
Cable

14. SunCable is Investigating Interconnectors in Eastern Indonesia

15. SunCable Has Conducted Joint Studies with ESDM and Kemenko Marves

16. SunCable is Sharing Knowledge and Technology Transfer

17. The Global Mega
trends driving
Energy Transition

18. Energy
Independence
Maritime
Environmental
Concern
Title 2
Environmental concerns associated
with maritime activities and the
importance of adhering to
environmental, social, and
governance (ESG) principles
The challenge of energy security
and independence, especially for
islands nation. Renewable energy &
interconnectivity will be key
enablers
UN SDGs goals related to climate
action, affordable and clean energy,
industry, innovation, and
infrastructure
Global Challenge
Climate
Change
Digital Divide
Economic
Growth
The importance of digital
connectivity in today’s global
economy and its impact on
education, healthcare, and other
essential services
Escalating issues of climate change
and its impacts on global
ecosystems, economies, and
communities
Sustainable economic growth to
improve living standards and create
opportunities for all, especially in
isolated and underdeveloped
regions.
Sustainable
Development
Goal

19. SOLUTION
Interconnectors can balance power demand
across island grids using subsea cables
Gigascale Renewable Energy
Large Scale Battery Storage
High Voltage Direct Current Subsea Cable
PROBLEM
Island nations face challenges in ensuring
reliable electricity access across all their island
grids.
Nations must increase renewable energy to
meet climate commitments and decarbonise.
Some islands have energy deficits while
others have potential renewable energy
surpluses.
The Energy Transition

20. Inter-island
connectivity is
already here

21. Fibre Optic Cable is the global backbone for Data
Interconnectivity
● Optical Fibre Cables Deliver
Information 10x Faster than that of
the Satellite Communications
● Optical Fibre Cable Rollout Count
Around the World Has Surpassed
the Count of 5-Billion Kilometres
● 90%+ of worldwide data is
transmitted via FOC

22. 22
Fibre Optic Superhighways are already here

23. 23
All pass
through
Indonesia
Fibre Optic Superhighways are already here

24. How to unlock the
Renewable Energy
Potential of
Indonesia

25. Why renewable energy?
Security Affordability
Sustainability
Key Issues on
Variable
Renewables:
- Intermittency
- Expensive?
- Accessibility

26. Indonesia's Current Energy Mix
Coal
30.98
Gas
17.42
Hydro
4.98
Diesel
4.91
Geothermal
2.44
8.2%
28.5%
4
%
50.7%
8%
Other RE
0.37 (0.6%)
PLTS : 79 MW
PLTB : 131 MW
PLTBio/PLTSa :
121 MW
Source: Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL, 2021-2030)
Satuan dalam GW
Total
Fossil: 87.2%
Total
Renewable: 12.8%

27. Electrical Power Requirements
2020 Needs Projected Needs 2030
Source: Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL, 2021-2030)
Moderat
Scenario
Total
242,224
GWh
Total
389,564
GWh

28. Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)

29. The transmission system components include:
● Suitable grid connection points at each
end-
● Suitable land for a Voltage Source
Converter (VSC) and associated
sub-stations at each end of the HVDC
system to convert power from AC-DC-AC
to allow grid connection.
● An Earthing system - either suitable land
for an Earth Electrode (EE) at each end of
the HVDC system to earth the
transmission system or a Metallic Return.
● A Suitable Maritime Corridor to lay HVDC
subsea cables to transmit the electricity
(525kV HVDC)
29
Interconnector Components
We note:
● HVDC Cables are heavy and inflexible
compared to Fibre Optic cables and therefore
marine route development is subject to
limitations on slope, turning radius, seabed
condition.
● HVDC Cable systems are quicker to install
than land based overhead transmission lines
(OHTL) (once manufacturing slots are
secured) due to land acquisition,
environmental and social factors.
● OHTL are 7-8 times cheaper that Subsea
cables per km
● Earth Electrodes need to located at least
15km away from the VSC location

30. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022
Gigascale
Renewable Energy

31. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022
Battery Storage

32. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022
The Voltage Source
Convertors (VSCs)
AC DC AC

33. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022
High Voltage Direct
Current (HVDC)
Cables

34. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022
High Voltage Direct
Current (HVDC)
Cables
Key considerations
Depth of water
Bathymetry of the seafloor
Geohazards
Route optimisation

35. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022
Publicly available bathymetry data can be unreliable
Some canyons /
trenches visible in
contours
Series of canyons
indicated in seabed
surface imaging
Bathymetry data from Google Maps Bathymetry data from marine survey
Significant ridges, valleys and sharp
contours; max slope of ~40 deg)
Relatively gentle undulations (max
slope of ~4.5 deg) 35

36. Subsea Power Cables
need a different
policy framework to
Fibre Optic Cables

37. Strictly confidential | © Sun Cable Pty Ltd 2022 37
The Indonesian Regulated Cable Corridors (KP14/2021) are not
suitable for Subsea cables
● Created primarily for Fibre optic
cable
● Subsea conditions not all suitable
for HVDC cables - technically
cannot run a cable in the
prescribed route.
● FOC $30k-$50k/km vs HVDC
525kV Subsea cable
$US1.6-2.0m/km (1GW)
● Optimising route and minimising
distance is key to financial
viability of interconnectors

38. A Case Study - Java Kalimantan
SuitabiliCurrent Maritime Corridors
38

39. Our Findings - Suggested Optimal Maritime
Route
39
A new Gresik- Balikpapan Corridor should be
surveyed and regulated to allow for multiple cables to
be installed:
● The installation time of a point to point cable is
likely to be quicker than the hybrid system via
Banjarmasin.
● There are oil and gas fields near Balikpapan but
existing maritime corridors pass through these
so, subject to survey, a satisfactory route is likely
to be determined.
● The shallow water and acceptable gradients the
entire cable route will enable faster installation
of buried cables.
● IKN is likely to drive significant electricity
demand in that region
● The central location in East Kalimantan will allow
for future connections to the 500kV OHTL
North/South system (once built).
● Future RE potential would potentially allow
future RE projects to supply Java via this
interconnector.

40. How About the
Environmental
Considerations - ESG

41. The Equator Principles (EPs) are a set of environmental and social risk management guidelines
for financial institutions when assessing and managing the environmental and social risks
associated with projects they finance. The Equator Principles can guide subsea power cable
projects:
*Environmental and Social Risk Assessment
*Stakeholder Engagement
*Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)
*Mitigation and Monitoring
*Compliance and Reporting
*Equator Principles Reporting and Accountability
While the Equator Principles are not specific to subsea power cable projects, they provide a framework for
assessing and mitigating the environmental and social risks associated with such projects. Financial institutions
that adhere to these principles can play a significant role in ensuring that subsea power cable projects are
developed in an environmentally and socially responsible manner, taking into account the unique challenges and
potential impacts of such projects on marine ecosystems and coastal communities.
Local and International ESG Obligations

42. Why is this
important to NTB?

43. Interconnected Power grids are coming to NTB

44. Interconnected Power grids are coming to NTB

45. What types of skills needed for the Energy Transition?
● Engineers
● Environmental Consultants
● Social and Cultural Advisors
● Marketing and Communications
● Legal and Finance
● Maritime Survey
● GIS/ Marine GIS
● AI/IT/ Systems modellers
● Language experts
● Pyschologists
● Project Managers
● Government Relations experts
● Permitting Managers

46. What types of skills needed for the Energy Transition?

47. ● Unlocking the Renewable Energy Transition will
see numerous interconnector power projects
in the coming years
● Technological Advancements in Subsea Power
Cables enable long distance transmission
● Fibre Optics vs Subsea Power Cables - key
differences mean different Policy Making
Considerations
● ESG Principles can and will provide practical
safeguards to ensure these projects do not
damage the environment or communities
● NTB will be a growth centre for energy
transition projects in the next 30 years
Conclusions

48. Q & A