This document contains descriptions of various renal and genitourinary conditions seen on imaging studies. It discusses topics such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, renal trauma, renal cell carcinoma, papillary necrosis, transitional cell carcinoma, bladder rupture, urethral anatomy, adrenal adenoma, retroperitoneal fibrosis, prostate and kidney anatomy, horseshoe kidney, von Hippel-Lindau disease and others. The document provides imaging findings, diagnoses, and other key details about each case.

1. STATION 1 - ADPKD
1a. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
1b. These represent cysts complicated by infection or hemorrhage.
1c. No increased risk - same as in the general population.
1d. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Aortic dissection

2. STATION 2 – RENAL TRAUMA
2a. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury
scale
2b. A deep laceration, Grade IV.
2c. Yes. Contrast material as dense as the urine
excreted by the opposite kidney is leaking between
the two right kidney fragments.
2d. The vast majority of these injuries result from blunt
force, usually from motor vehicle collisions.

3. 3a. Based on the multiple septations and slight thickening of the
peripheral margins, this mass should be considered a surgical renal
mass. This determination is further confirmed by the sonographic image
showing thick septations.
3b. Renal cell carcinoma, multilocular cystic nephroma, and renal cyst
complicated by infection or hemorrhage.
3c. Based on the CT scan, this is a Bosniak class IV lesion with some
enhancing tissue in the mass. Cystic lesions with enhancing solid
components are Bosniak class IV.
3d. Herniation of the mass into the renal pelvis.
STATION 3 – CYSTIC RCC

4. 4a. Medulla.
4b. Papillary necrosis.
4c. Pyelonephritis, ureteral obstruction, tuberculosis, and renal vein
thrombosis.
4d. Signet ring.
STATION 4 – PAPILLARY NECROSIS

5. 5a. Renal cell carcinoma.
5b. Robson Stage III.
5c. 2%.
5d. They represent collateral vessels draining or feeding
the mass in the left kidney.
STATION 5 – RCC WITH VENOUS EXTENSION

6. STATION 6 – TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA
6a. Transitional cell carcinoma, radiolucent stone, blood clot, infectious
debris, and air bubble.
6b. 40%.
6c. Uric acid.
6d. It has acute margins with the wall of the ureter, and there is slight
indentation of the ureter wall adjacent to the lesion.

7. STATION 7 – PERIPELVIC CYSTS
7a. Multiple anechoic and echo-poor areas in the renal sinus. The differential
diagnosis is pelvocaliectasis from obstruction or reflux and multiple
peripelvic cysts.
7b. Retrograde pyelogram.
7c. Multiple, peripelvic renal cysts.
7d. Contrast-enhanced CT, MRI, or intravenous urography

8. 8a. Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
8b. In 20% of cases.
8c. Horseshoe kidney, contralateral multicystic dysplastic kidney,
contralateral renal agenesis, ureteral duplication, and vesicoureteral reflux.
8d. Retrograde or antegrade endopyelotomy, or open pyeloplasty.
STATION 8 – PUJ OBSTRUCTION

9. STATION 9 – BLADDER TCC
1. Bladder carcinoma, benign neoplasm, cystitis, fibrosis, adherent blood
products.
2. False. It most often presents with hematuria.
3. False. Common iliac adenopathy constitutes N4, M0 disease.
4. Cancer of the urinary tract, urinary tract infections, stone disease, renal
diseases (e.g., glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, tubulointerstitial disease, etc.),
and prostatic hypertrophy.

10. STATION 10 – BLADDER RUPTURE
10a. Conventional cystography and CT cystography.
10b. Extraperitoneal.
10c. Intraperitoneal

11. STATION 11 - URETHRAL GLANDS AND DUCTS
11a. Anterior - Penile, Bulbar
Posterior – Membranous, Prostatic
11b. Contrast filling the glands of Littre.
11c. Cowper’s duct.
11d. True.

12. STATION 12 – BLUNT TRAUMATIC URETHRAL
INJURY
12a. Posterior urethral injury/rupture.
12b. Membranous and prostatic urethra.
12c. Urogenital diaphragm.
12d. Blunt traumatic injury.

13. STATION 13 – ADRENAL ADENOMA
13a. Bilateral adrenal adenomas.
13b. Chemical shift MRI is specific for differentiating
an adenoma from a metastasis when non-contrast CT is equivocal.
13c. 15 minutes..
13d. Relative washout >40% ; Absolute washout >60%

14. STATION 14 - ACUTE ADRENAL HEMORRHAGE
14a. Acute adrenal hemorrhage.
14b. In up to 20% of cases.
14c. MRI.
14d. No enhancement.

15. STATION 15 – RETROPERITONEAL FIBROSIS
15a. Ureteral obstruction.
15b. Retroperitoneal fibrosis.
15c. Hydroureter.
15d. Retroperitoneal lymphoma.

16. STATION 16 – PROSTATE ZONAL ANATOMY
16a. True.
16b. The transitional zone.
16c. It is a common site where adenocarcinoma transgresses the prostatic
capsule.
16d. The central zone.

17. STATION 17 – MEDULLARY
NEPHROCALCINOSIS
17a. Hyperparathyroidism, distal renal tubular acidosis, and medullary sponge
kidney. 17b. Medullary sponge kidney.
17c. Urolithiasis.
17d. False.

18. STATION 18 – HORSE-SHOE KIDNEY
18a. Renal parenchyma extending across the midline: horseshoe kidney.
18b. Abnormal contact of the developing metanephric blastema.
18c. The inferior mesenteric artery.
18d. Turner Syndrome, Down syndrome, VACTERL, MRKH Syndrome

19. STATION 19 - ANGIOMYOLIPOMA
1. Angiomyolipoma.
2. Angiomyolipoma, liposarcoma, Wilms’ tumor, and renal cell carcinoma.
3. Spontaneous hemorrhage.
4. None

20. 20a. Von Hippel-Lindau disease.
20b. Von Hippel-Lindau disease, tuberous sclerosis, and long-term dialysis.
20c. Cerebellar hemangioblastoma.
20d. Pancreas.
STATION 20 - VHL