The document details José Rizal's higher education and experiences abroad from 1882 to 1892, beginning with his departure from the Philippines to Spain and encompassing his studies in Madrid, Paris, and Brussels. Throughout his travels, Rizal was active in writing articles, joining Masonic lodges for political support, and engaging in the Propaganda Movement aimed at reforming the Philippines under Spanish rule. The narrative culminates with his return to the Philippines in 1892, where he established the Liga Filipina to further advocate for Filipino rights and reform.

1. Rizal’s life : higher education
and life abroad

2. RIZAL’S FIRST TRIP TO ABROAD
• May 3, 1882, Rizal left the Philippines for the first time
to go to Spain. He boarded the Salvadora using a
passport of Jose Mercado.He was accompanied by his
uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella and Mateo Evangelista.
• Singapore-There were 16 passengers , including Rizal.
The Salvadora docked at Singapore on May 9, 1882.
From Singapore , he transferred to another ship
Djemnah. May 17, 1882. Djemnah reached Point
Galle, alonely and quiet place, then they reached
Colombo which Rizal described as lonely & quiet
place accdg. To Rizal They crossed the Indian Ocean to
the cape of Guardafui, Africa. Rizal sighted the baren
coast of Africa and called it “inhospitable land but
famous”.Rizal had a stop over at Aden wherein he
found the city hotter than Manila. The Djemnah
proceeded to the city of Suez, the red sea terminal of
the Suez canal.
• Naples & Marseilles-Rizal reached Naples , On June 12,
1882 the steamer docked at the French Harbor of
Marseilles.
• Spain-Rizal reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882. He
thought of the city as ugly, with dirty little inns and
inhospitable residents.In August 20, 2882, his article “Amor
Patrio” was published in the Diariong Tagalog. It was the
first article he wrote abroad. Septemeber 2, 1882, Rizal
enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He delivered
a poem by the members of Ciculo-Hispano, there together
in the effort to save the association from disintegration. He
recited”Me piden versos”.he wrote the article”Revista de
Madrid” Nov. 1882 he wrote an article entitled “Las
Dudas”.The article was signed Laong-Laan. In Madrid, Rizal
enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid in 2 courses-
Philosophy and letters and medicine. He also studied
painting & sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of san
Fernando & took lessons in French, german, and English
under private teachers.

3. RIZAL’S FIRST TRIP TO ABROAD
• March 1883, Rizal joined the
masonic lodge Acacia in Madrid.
He became a mason so that he
could secure freemasonry’s aid
in his aim to fight against the
friars in the Philippines . Later
on, Rizal transferred to Lodge
Solidaridad where he became a
Master Mason.
• RIZAL IN PARIS, FRANCE-He went
to Paris from June 17 to August
20, 1883. Rizal spent many
hoiurs in Museums, Botanical
gardens, Libraries, Art Galleries,
and Hospitals. He was awarded
the diploma as a Master Mason
by Le grande Orient de France in
Paris. He visited the Lariboisiere
hospital where Felix Pardo de
Tavera was an extern.

4. RIZAL IN MADRID
• Rizal enrolled at the Central Universidad de Madrid
for the second course in Medicine. Sr. Vicente
Barrantes, of the 14 wealthy innocent pesons in
Manila.Rizal proposed to the member of the Circulo
assembled in the house of pateros, the publication
of a book by association.June 2, 1884, Rizal won
first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered
a speech in honor of the 2 Filipino painters, Jaun
Luna, and Felix Ressurrecion Hidalgo. The occasion
commemorated the triumph of the 2, especially
Luna who won the first prize for his Spoliarium
during the National Exposition of Fine Arts in
Madrid held that year.Rizal explained the term
“Filibusterismo” in the newspaper of Madrid El
Progreso. He called the attention of Spanish
authorities over the case of the future of the
Filipinos.
• RIZAL IN BERLIN, GERMANY- Rizal wrote the poem
“ A Las Flores de Heidelberg” on April 22, 1886.
• March 21, 1887copies of his novel came off the
press. He sent one copy to Prof. Blumentritt.
• Important things to remember in Europe:
• Potsdam-Companion : Dr. Maximo Viola
• Dresden-Visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer
• Leimeritz, Bohemia- Meeting with Blumentritt,
who helped Rizal & Viola during their stay in
Leimeritz, He painted a portrait of Blumentritt &
gave it to him.Met a renowned scientist named
Dr. Carlos Czepelak
• Prague- Carried letters of recommendation from
Prof. Wilkomm

5. Important things to remember in Europe:
• Vienna-Rizal was fascinated by its beautiful
buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes,
and majestic charm.
• Geneva-Rizal treated Viola to a blowout on
his 26th
birthday
• Italy-Rizal went to Turin, Milan, Venice, and
Florence
• First Homecoming: Rizal arrived in manila on
Aug. 5, 1887 after 5 years of study &
patriotic labors in Europe.Archbishop Payo
advised Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the
UST that a piece of info. About the novel Noli
Me Tangere was issued by the Commission.
• Jose Rizal left Calamba for manila to see
Gov. Gen. on the issue of the Noli Me
Tangere.
• Sept. 1887 Rizal decided not to leave his
family within that year.His sister Olimpia
died of hemorrhage while giving birth.
• Jose Taviel de Andrade, lieutenant of the
civil guards assigned by the Gov. Gen.
Terrero to protect him.
• The Permanent Board of Censure headed
by Fr. Salvador Font-issued a judgment
prohibiting the circulation of the Noli Me
Tangere in the Philippines.

6. Rizal’s 2nd
trip abroad
• Rizal left Manila for Hongkong on Feb.
3, 1888.Feb. 8 he arrived in Hong Kong
& was welcomed by Filipino residents,
including Jose Basa, Balbino Mauricio &
Manuel Yriarte.Feb. 19 Rizal left Hong
Kong for Macao on board Kiu Kiang . In
Macao, they lived in the house of Juan
Lecaroz . Rizal went around for
observation , especially the botanical
garden. Feb. 22 , he left Hong Kong for
Japan on board the Oceanic. Some
works of Antonio de Morga Sucesos de
las Islas Filipinas is translated by Rizal.
• While in Macao, Rizal was accompanied by
Basa. They visited the theatre, casino,
cathedral and churches, pagodas, botanical
garden, and bazaars. On Feb, 20 he
returned to HongKong. Two days later he
left for Japan.
• Yokohama, Japan-Rizal arrived in Japan
between Feb. 28 and April 13. he was
visited by Juan Perez Caballero and invited
Rizal to live at the Spanish legation.He
accepted it for 2 reasons: Rizal had nothing
to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish
authorities , & to economize his living
expenses.

7. Rizal’s 2nd
trip abroad
• March 7, Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish
Legation. He is fascinated by the beauty of the country-flowers, mountains,
and scenic panoramas. He also noticed the cleanliness, politeness, and
industry of the Japanese people.
• UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-April 28, 1888. Rizal visited America. He went
to San Francisco riding the steamer “Blige” where all passengers of this
ship were under quarantine since there was a cholera epidemic. He found
out the reason for the quarantine was because of political motivation.
• While on board May 4, Rizal was allowed to go ashore. He had good
impression of the place. He had seen the drive & energy of the Americans,
the natural beauty of the land, the high standard of living and the
opportunities of a better life. The only bad thing that he noticed was
that there was no racial equality in America.
• LONDON, ENGLAND- Rizal chose London to improve his English
language.Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas was only available at the
British Museum in England, Rizal said it is a safe place to continue his fight
against Spanish tyranny, and he continued to write for La Solidaridad in
defense of his people against Spain. Bad news he received from the
Philippines:
• 1. Persecution of Filipinos who signed the Anti-Friar petition was rampant.
• Persecution of the Calamba tenants including Rizal’s family & relative
• 3. Furious attacks on Rizal by Spanish Senators
• 4. Rizal’s brother-in-law exiled to Bohol;
• 5. A friend of Rizal was arrested and jailed in Bilibid prison for keeping a
copy of Noli.
• Good news:
• 1. defense for the Noli by Rev. Vicente Garcia against the friars annotating
Morga’s book which Rizal considered to be his most significant
achievement in London.
• Juan Luna & 2his wife entertained Rizal while in London.
• Dec. 1888-Rizal visited Barcelona & Madrid where he first met Marcelo H.
Del Pilar .and Mariano Ponce, the leaders of the propaganda movement.
• Dec. 31, 1888-the Asociacion La Solidaridad was inaugurated . Rizal chose
the honorary president.Feb. 15, 1889-Graciano Lopez jaena founded La
Solidaridad in Barcelona. March 25, 1889, Rizal’s first article in the La
Solidaridad entitled Los Agricultores Filipoinos was published, Jose wrote
the Tagalog version of the Women of Malolos on Feb. 22. Rizal finished 4
sculptural works:
• 1. Prometheus Bound
• 2. The triumph of death over life
• 3.The triumph of science over death
• 4. A carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters.

8. Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris & the Universal
Exposition of 1889
• March 19, 1889-Rizal left London for Paris
• Rizal lived in the house of his friend Valentin Ventura.It is where
he polished and annotated edition of Morga’s book. He was able
to find a room and lived with 2 other Filipinos, Capt. Justo
Trinidad and Jose Albert.He spent most of his time at the
National Library. May 6, 1889, Rizal was fascinated in the opening
of Exposition of Paris. March 19, 1889, Rizal formed Kidlat Club..
The Kidlat Club was then replaced by Indios Bravos. Another
secret society that Rizal formed was the R.D.L.M. Paris, 1890 Rizal
annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos was published. Rizal wrote
the “Philippines within a Century” and the essay “Indolence of
the Filipinos”.Jan. 28, 1890, Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of
Belgium.
• Brussels, Belgium-Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he
moved to Brussels. They lived in a modest boarding house on 38
Rue Philippe Champagne. Later Albert left and was replaced by
Jose Alejandro, an engineering student Rizal was busy writing his
second novel, El Filibusterismo. Rizal wrote articles for La
Solidaridad,
• 1. A La Defensa
• 2. La Verdad Para Todos
• 3. Vicente Barrantes
• 4. Una Profanacion
• 5. Verdades Nuevas
• 6. Crueldad
• 7. Diferencias
• 8. Inconsequencias
• 9. Llanto y Risas
• 10. Ingratitudes
• Rizal received news from Juan Luna & Valentin Ventura that Filipinos in Spain were
destroying the right name of their nation by gambling too much. Rizal urged to do
something about it. He wrote to MH Del Pilar on May 28, 1890, to remind Filipinos
in Madrid that they come to Europe to work for their Fatherland’s freedom.
• He had received a piece of bad news, letters from home that worried him. The
Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worse. The management of Dominican
hacienda continually raised the land rents until such time that Rizal’s father refused
to pay his rent.The Dominican Order filed a suit in court to dispossess the Rizal
family of their lands in Calamba . Rizal planned to go home. He could not stay in
Brussels while his parents and relatives were being persecuted. On July 18, 1890,
he wrote a letter to Ponce where he expressed his determination to go home.

9. Rizal’s plan to return to the Philippines
• Rizal’s friends warned him of the danger
that awaited him at home. Paciano wrote a
letter to Rizal which related that they lost
the case against the Domnicans in Manila,
they appealed it to Supreme Court in
Spain. A lawyer was needed to handle it in
Madrid Rizal wrote to M H Del Pilar
retaining the latter’s services as a lawyer.
In a letter to Ponce, Rizal announced that
he was leaving Brussels at the beginning of
the following month & would arrive in
Madrid about 3rd
or 4th
of August.
• r
• Rizal arrived in Madrid-Aug. 1890 Rizal
arrived in Madrid, Spain.Rizal failed to seek
justice for his family and the Calamba
tenants.Aug. 1890, Rizal attended a social
reunion of the Filipinos in Madrid and had a
fight with Antonio Luna and also challenged
Wenceslao Retana, a talented Spanish
scholar and Rizal’;s bitter enemy of the pen.
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina and the liberal
Spanish newspapers help fight securing
justice for the Calamba tenants & Rizal’s
family.Rizal’s brother in law, Silvestre Ubaldo
received a copy of ejectment order by the
Dominicans against Francisco Rizal & other
Calamba tenants.

10. 1890
• Aug. 19, 1890-death of Jose Ma. Panganiban-a friend of Rizal who died
because of a lingering illness. Rizal wrote a eulogy to Panganiban. Late
1890 there arose an unfortunate rivalry between Rizal & M H. del Pilar
for supremacy. An elected took place and Rizal won but declined the
coveted position & left Madrid.
• With the Bousted in Biarritz, France-Rizal arrived in Biarritz in Feb. 1891
and was welcomed by the Bousteads family.He had an affection for
Nellie Boustead. March 29, 1891, he finished wrirng his book El
Filibusterismo. May 30, 1891, the revision of the El Fili was completed
and was ready to be published.
• To Paris and back to Brussels-March 30, 1891, Rizal went back to Paris
and stayed at the home of his friend., Valentin Ventura. Rizal went back
to Brussels and was welcomed by the Jacoby sisters. From Brussels on
May 1, 1891, he notified the propaganda authorities of his retirement.
Rizal also immediately stopped writing for La Solidaridad. Rizal also
informed Deodato Arellano of his plan to move Europe to either Hong
Kong , Philippines or Japan, and to renounce the receiving of pension
form the Propaganda. July 9, 1891, he was financially hard up. Jose did
not receive for three months up to this date any pension from home. He
was living in the most challenging situation., renting a small room and
eating the modest food in order to economize and able to publish the El
Filibusterismo.he had already pawned all his jewels.
• SALIENT POINT TO PONDER BEFORE EL FILIBUSTERISMO WAS
PUBLISHED IN GHENT.
• 1. Oct. 1887 Jose Rizal started writing El Filibusterismo
• 2. 1888 in London he made changes in the plot and added more
characters in Paris & Madrid.
• 3. March 19, 1891-he finished his manuscript in Biarritz.
• 4. July 5, 1891-he suspended he publishing of the novel because of lack
of funds.
• 5. Aug. 6, 1891, he suspended the publishing of the novel because of
lack of funds
• 6. Valentin Ventura in Paris gave Rizal funds to resume the novel.
• 7. Sept. 18, 1891, El Fili came off the press.
• OPTHALMIC SURGEON IN HONG KONG-Rizal went to Hong Kong after
the novel got published in Europe. He left Europe because life there was
unbearable because of his political differences with Marcelo H. Del Pilar
and another Filipino in Spain.Nov. 20, 1891 Rizal asked permission to go
back to the Philippines. In Calamba, there were 25 persons caught by
the Spaniards including Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano and his father while
he was planning to go back home.

11. Second Homecoming and the Liga Filipina
• Opthalmic Surgeon, Rizal studied in Hong Kong and had a friend
named Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques who helped him build a vast
clientele. Rizal treated the eyes of his mother and finally she was
able to see.
• SECOND HOMECOMING AND THE LIGA FILIPINA- JUNE 26, 1892.
Rizal arrived in the Philippines from Hong Kong on board the boat
Don Juan.After being inspected by the customs men, he boarded
in the Oriente Hotel where he occupied room no. 22 , facing the
Binondo Church.His sister, Lucia, accompanied him on his return
to the Philippines. In the evening, he attended the reunion held in
the house of Don Ong-junco. There he met many Filipinos who
were later arrested & executed as a consequence of the discovery
of the Katipunan.
• Rizal had an interview with Gov. Gem. Despujol. He thanked Gov.
Gen. Despujol for lifting the order of exile for his sisters.In the
evening, he attended a meeting at a house on Calle Ylaya to sicuss
the proposed Liga Filipina. The founding of the Liga Filipina, a civic
league of Filipinos, which he desired to establish and its role on
the socio-economic life of the people.
• Liga Filipina officers:
• 1. Ambrosio Salvador President
• 2. Deodato Arellano ( Secretary)
• 3. Bonifacio Arellano (Treasurer
• FISCAL CONDITIONS OF LIGA FILIPINA
• 1. To unite the archipelago into one compact & homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity .
3.Defense against violence & injustice.
4. Encourage education, agriculture and commerce.
5. Study & application and reforms.
MOTTO OF LIGA FILIPINA; One Like Them (unus instar omnium)
Rizal was arrested and jailed in Fort Santiago-July 6, 1896, he
resumed his interview with the gov. gen. Despujol but suddenly
showed Rizal printed leaflets were entitled Pobres Frailes(Poor Friars)

12. Last Trip Abroad
• Rizal traveled from Dapitan to manila-He missed the regular steamer
to Spain”Isla de Luzon”. He stayed on board Spanish cruiser “Castilla”
on Aug. 26, 1896. Andres Bonifacio and Katipunan start revolution in
Balintawak. Rizal leaves for Spain aboard”Isla de Panay” upon
leaving for Spain. He receives 2 letters of introduction for the
Minister of War and the Minister of Colonies. Upon arriving in
Singapore, Rizal was urged by fellow Filipinos to stay. He refused as
he had given his word to Gov. Gen. Blanco. Upon arriving in
Barcelona, Rizal was arrested and taken to the fortress Monjuich.
General Despujol sends Rizal back to Manila to be tried by the court.
• LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL
• Rizal is kept under heavy guard while in transit from Barcelona to
manila.
• Oct. 8-Friendly soldier tells Rizal that newspapers are full of stories
about him and being blamed for the revolution.
• Oct. 11- Spanish authorities confiscate Rizal’s diary. Upon arriving in
Singapore, friends attempt to rescue Rizal. Unfortunately, the
request was denied as the ship. Rizal boarded to manila was
classified as a warship and as such is out of Singaporean jurisdiction
• Nov. 3-the “Colon” arrived in manila-Rizal was transferred to Fort
Santiago. Rizal was subjected to a 5-day investigation by Judge
Advocate Col. Francisco Olive.
• Rizal chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade to defend him in court.
Rizal pleads “not guilty” to inciting rebellion.
• Dec. 26, 1896-Rizal’s mock trial begins and he was sentenced to
death by the court.
• Dec. 26, 1896-Polavieja approves Rizal’s execution by firing squad.