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In less than 40 years, 70% of the world’s population will reside in our cities. This rapid
migration will push both current and future urban centres to their seams and expand industrial
and residential infrastructures beyond their breaking points.
This eye-opening fact raises important questions that must be considered by cities around the
world. Can this growth be done in a sustainable way? Will cities be able to reduce their
environmental impact and carbon emissions? Will we be able to meet the sustainability
challenges brought on by regulation and the impact of this massive growth? And, will we
expand in ways which ensure communities are enjoyable places to live and promote social
equality?
We can answer affirmatively to these concerns, and re-design our cities with these thoughts
in mind. With the movement towards smart cities, the urban centres we live in can become
more efficient, livable, and sustainable in both the short and long term, thanks to involvement from city, citizens, and businesses.
Cities as Arenas of Low-Carbon Transition? Analysing the Cases of Graz and Fr...URBACT
Presentation delivered by Harald Rohracher (Professor, Dept. of Thematic Studies – Technology and Social Change, Linköping University, Sweden) for URBACT Training for Elected Representatives on Integrated and Sustainable Urban Development.
Seminar 3 (2-4 December 2013, Brussels, Belgium): Sustainability and change. How can cities tackle the challenges of climate change and assess their progress? And how to intervene in complex energy transitions while improving a city's quality of life?
Read more: http://urbact.eu/en/news-and-events/urbact-events/training-for-elected-representatives/
Cities are striving to improve their competitiveness on the world stage. Those that succeed in attracting business, investment, and qualified human resource talent will win out. However, most cities face daunting obstacles in their quest to achieve the desired level of attractiveness. In some cases, rapid growth is driving increased pollution and congestion. In other cases, tight budgets are leading to resource constraints and progress is limited.
Unwto paper Macroeconomic Analysis ToolsDavid Vicent
Exploring the Full Economic Impact of Tourism for Policy Making:
Extending the Use of the Tourism Satellite Account through Macroeconomic Analysis Tools
The discourse on sustainable urban tourism the need for discussing more than...MARIASABINASILVESTRE
Firstly, relating to social sustainable development, there is the tension between the quality of life for residents in different ways and the development of cities to benefit the tourism industry. Secondly, relating to environmental sustainable development, there is the tension between residents and their desire for good local environmental standards and visiting tourists that create a number of over-tourism related local environmental problems. Thirdly, there are the challenges that so far have received less attention, but obviously are expected to become crucial in the years to come:
This study aimed to investigate the impact of mobile phone, land phone and internet (ICTs) on sales, market performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities in the hospitality sector of tourism in the tourist city of Livingstone in Zambia. The study used multiple regression models to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study found that there was positive impact of ICTs usage on sales, marketing performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities. The study found negative relationship between internet and profitability of the firm due to higher costs of internet access. The study suggested that the firms should work together as a pool to reduce internet costs, such as, the use of trivago.co.zm; booking.co.zm; hotels.com; agoda.com; expedia.com; etc.
Importance of Garni Activities in the Sustainable Tourism: A Case Study of Ho...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This article provides a broad overview of sustainability in the hospitality and tourist business, as well as content information on sustainability that could be useful in hospitality and tourism education. The study focuses on the following question in particular: What role does sustainability education play in the hospitality and tourism industry? Themes in sustainability education are recognised in the accommodation, meetings and events, and food and beverage sectors, as well as implementations of sustainability principles in hospitality and tourism operations and perspectives on the future direction of sustainability education in this subject.
The main purpose of this study is to determine what are the main factors which stand behind the diversity in performance of business services measured by their contribution to growth in the EU Member States. We show that in addition to typical growth factors which enhance labour productivity, also the extent of interconnectedness of business services with upstream industries is important to explain service-based economic growth.
The analysis yields two interesting results. Firstly, the authors show that patterns of industrial interconnectedness of business services are considerably diversified across the EU Member States indicating large differences in the integration of services as supplier with other sectors on a country level. Secondly they show that the diversified growth performance of business services across the EU25 countries can be explained by differences in labour productivity and differences in forward linkages.
The results indicate the fundamental role of business services as the main engine of growth in the European economy. This service-based growth is channelled mainly through increases in labour productivity and forward interconnectedness of services with downstream industries.
On the policy making level the results indicate that investment in human and intangible capital are crucial for the service-dominated economy as they not only enhance economic growth inside knowledge intensive services but also facilitate transmission of growth impulses to downstream industries by increasing diffusion and integration of services as suppliers of high value added inputs to the economy.
Authored by: Maciej Sobolewski, Grzegorz Poniatowski
Published in 2013
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migration will push both current and future urban centres to their seams and expand industrial
and residential infrastructures beyond their breaking points.
This eye-opening fact raises important questions that must be considered by cities around the
world. Can this growth be done in a sustainable way? Will cities be able to reduce their
environmental impact and carbon emissions? Will we be able to meet the sustainability
challenges brought on by regulation and the impact of this massive growth? And, will we
expand in ways which ensure communities are enjoyable places to live and promote social
equality?
We can answer affirmatively to these concerns, and re-design our cities with these thoughts
in mind. With the movement towards smart cities, the urban centres we live in can become
more efficient, livable, and sustainable in both the short and long term, thanks to involvement from city, citizens, and businesses.
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Agent Based Mapping for assessing socio-economic networks of mountain tourism as a coupled HES
1. GLP open science meeting 2014, Berlin
Agent Based Mapping
for assessing
socio-economic networks
of mountain tourism as a coupled HES
Tobias Luthe, Romano Wyss
2. Background
Regional economies are comprising businesses, directly and
indirectly tied together, e.g. by collaborations between
business actors.
Such economies are natural resources dependent
social-economic-ecological systems (SEES).
3. Mountain regions such as the Swiss Surselva-Gotthard DMO are
often dependent on the service (tourism) industry, which is
organized as a coupled supply chain.
Gotthard-Surselva (Disentis, Sedrun, Andermatt)
4. Tourism business actor supply chain network
of the Gotthard-Surselva DMO*
* For more explanation see Luthe, T., Wyss, R. and M. Schuckert. 2012. Network governance and regional resilience to climate change: empirical evidence from mountain tourism communities.
Regional Environmental Change. Online first DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-012-0294-5.
5. Background
Mountain HES have to cope with global change impacts.
Resilience of such systems can be assessed based on network
metrics and their interpretations from a network governance
angle.
Planning resilience and sustainable development in a tourism
geography context requires understanding of the regional and
local socio-economic interrelations and dependencies of the
supply chain, and its ecological embeddedness.
6. Network governance in a tourism HES
Each (tourism) business is dependent on the other, while still being
competitors: tourists experience the whole supply chain.
Improving network governance is partly dependent on the
awareness of economic dependencies (e.g. distribution of risk and
benefit).
Data to construct and analyse social networks of tourism businesses is
easy to retrieve.
Data to display economic dependencies between regional tourism
actors rarely exists: money flows are global and often no direct
money flows between supply chain actors are available in a
service industry.
7. Theoretical SES framework
Access to resources
Social nodes
Ecological nodes
Basic conceptual framework displayed here is taken from
Bodin and Tengö (2012) Disentangling intangible social–ecological systems.
Global Environmental Change 22, 430-439.
12. Questions
How can the economic dependencies be included in SE(E)S analysis of
mountain HES?
> How can indirect economic dependencies between tourism supply chain
actors be analysed?
> Can tourists (‚feeding‘ from the supply chain, while being the businesses
‚pray‘) function as agents, indirectly connecting the supply chain by their
spendings and ‚mapping‘ the economic ties?
What additional information delivers the economic network compared to the
collaborative network?
13. Data collection
Tourists visiting the region for a typical one week stay
filled out a daily questionnaire, noting their spendings in CHF
throughout the businesses of the tourism supply chain.
In total, 43 Agents (tourists) from six hotels in the three
communities indirectly connect 70 businesses with 547 links.
14. Constructing an indirect economic network
The tourist experiences the supply chain as a whole package
Direct spendings
Agent (tourist)
15. Constructing an indirect economic network
The tourism product is complete if all supply exists
Indirect economic dependencies
Agent (tourist)
16. The original social collaboration network of the
Gotthard DMO
140 nodes
1420 links
Density: 7.2%
17. The ABM economic network of the
Gotthard DMO (node size=betweenness centrality)
e.g. gas station (orange) is of high importance in this economic network, but did not
pop up in the orginal collaborative network
70 nodes
547 links
Density: 10.8%
Size by degree centrality
18. Node size by cluster centrality
e.g. gas station has little importance here
24. ABM economic network of the Gotthard DMOAndermatt cableways
Indirect economic dependencies
25. Results and Discussion
An explorative indirect regional economic network was mapped by tourists as
agents; further network metrics can be analyzed
Supply chain interconnections could be displayed
Insights on tourists‘ (agents) consumption behavior could be derived
Different centralities (e.g. degree, cluster, bridging) provide insights on actor
roles from various perspectives, different to the collaborative network
Sample limited to only a small number of hotels
Economic actor weights (=tourists‘ spendings) are of limited value
26. Better understanding regional competition and dependencies
Economic network is an additional source of information to social
collaborative network, e.g. for planning cooperations and resilience
Possibility of distributing subsidies in a regional, systemic understanding
One step further from social networks to socio-economic-ecological
networks
Conclusions