The role of the capital market cannot be over emphasised in the development of most economy in the world and Nigeria is not an exception. The Nigerian capital market has gone through different stages alongside with challenges and hurdles that has slowed down its growth rate and its assimilation into the financial market of the world. This research work was to examine Globalization and the development of the Nigerian capital market from 1986 to 2020, which was before the wide spread of covid 19. Secondary data from CBN statistical bulletin was used. Augment Dickey Fuller ADF , Bound Test and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag were employed to evaluate the effect of foreign direct investment, total exports and total imports on Capital market development which was proxy by market capitalisation and it was discovered that foreign direct investment, non oil export and non oil imports has significant effect on market capitalization, therefore it was recommended that The government should consider the option of liberalizing the economy let there be labour market flexibility, lower tax rate for businesses, less restriction on both domestic and foreign capital to encourage competitiveness in the business environment, so that the full benefit of globalization would be reaped. Chima Kenneth Anachedo | Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude | Izuchukwu Andrew Nnoje | Jisike Jude Okonkwo "Globalization and the Development of the Nigerian Capital Market" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49234.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/49234/globalization-and-the-development-of-the-nigerian-capital-market/chima-kenneth-anachedo
Foreign Portfolio Investment and Human Capital Development in Nigeria 1987 2018ijtsrd
As a result of low savings that characterize their economies, most developing economies scramble for international capital inflows to fill the void in their domestic savings. The international capital can take the form of Foreign Portfolio Investment. There are mixed and conflicting results in past studies on the effect of Foreign Portfolio Investment on Human Capital Development in Nigeria which this study will attempt to resolve. Foreign portfolio investment FPI is an aspect of international capital inflows and involves the transfer of financial assets such as cash, stock or bonds across international borders in want of profit. The main objective of this study is to explore, determine, assess, examine and ascertain the effect of FPI on human capital development in Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study are to explore, determine, assess, examine and ascertain the effects of foreign portfolio investment, market capitalization, exchange rate and interest rate respectively on human capital development in Nigeria. The study adopted ex post facto research design and sourced data sourced data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Annual Reports and the World Bank Development Indicators which were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Augmented Dicker Fuller tests for unit roots and Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL for the hypothesis.The study concluded that foreign portfolio investment has both short run and long run positive and significant effects on human capital development. Hence, it is recommended that government should strengthen and deepen the capital market system in Nigeria to sustain existing foreign portfolio investment and attract new ones. Mbanefo Patrick Amaechi "Foreign Portfolio Investment and Human Capital Development in Nigeria: 1987-2018" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49231.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/49231/foreign-portfolio-investment-and-human-capital-development-in-nigeria-19872018/mbanefo-patrick-amaechi
Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Development in a Developing Afric...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on human capital development in Nigeria from 1987 to 2018. It begins with background on FDI and human capital development. It then reviews literature on the relationship between FDI and economic growth. The study uses data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and World Bank to analyze the long-run and short-run effects of FDI and other factors like exchange rates on human capital development in Nigeria, finding that FDI has a positive short-run effect but no long-run effect. It recommends that Nigeria reduce reliance on FDI and focus it on short-term plans only.
Effect of FDI Inflows on Real Sector Economy of Nigeriaijtsrd
The study have examined the effect of sectorial FDI to economic growth of Nigeria within 34 year period spanning 1987 to 2020. FDI was disaggregated into four variables being agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and oil and gas as the independent variable. Economic growth was the dependent variable. The data were obtained from CBN statistical bulletin and Annual reports. The repression analysed using the ARDL technique. The results showed that FDI to various sector of the economy has significant long run effect on economic growth of Nigeria. Furthermore, The short run dynamic results revealed that 1 FDI to agriculture has interjecting effect with positive effect in the first lag 1 and successive negative effects in lags 2 and 4 2 FDI to construction have a significant positive effect on economic growth 3 FDI to manufacturing sector has negative effect on economic growth and 4 FDI to oil and gas sector has positive effect on economic growth. The study posits that FDI inflows is a veritable driver to economic growth to developing economies like Nigeria. Among the recommendations of this study is that the government should encourage local investment into the agriculture and manufacturing to cushion the adverse impact of FDI to Nigeria growth. Ositadimma Victor Okpalla | Sylvia Chikodi Anaele | Ifeanyi Jude Ekwunife "Effect of FDI Inflows on Real Sector Economy of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51910.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/51910/effect-of-fdi-inflows-on-real-sector-economy-of-nigeria/ositadimma-victor-okpalla
Modelling the Long Run Determinants of Foreign Portfolio in NigeriaMoses Oduh
1) This study examines the long-run determinants of foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria from 1981-2010 using time series analysis.
2) It finds that foreign portfolio investment has a positive long-run relationship with market capitalization and trade openness in Nigeria.
3) The study aims to help policymakers pursue policies that can attract more foreign portfolio investment in the long run, such as efforts to improve and sanitize the Nigerian capital market.
Foreign Investment and Its Effect on the Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Triang...iosrjce
Evidence abound about the registered increase in foreign investment inflows in recent years. While
proponents emphasize that these inflows could engender economic growth, critics express concern that there
could be destabilizing effect on the economy if not well managed. This study therefore, attempts to examine the
effect of foreign investments (disaggregated into foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment)
inflows on economic growth in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining the better contributor, using time series data
from 1987-2012. The OLS and the Granger causality procedures were employed in analyzing the data. The
result displays that both foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment have positive and significant
effect on economic growth though the partial correlation coefficients show that foreign portfolio investment is
the better contributor. Based on the result, government should pursue policies that encourage both foreign
direct investment and especially foreign portfolio investment.
Empirical review of globalization and nigerian economic performanceAlexander Decker
This document discusses globalization and Nigeria's economic performance within the global economy. It begins by defining globalization as the increasing economic integration and interdependence between countries through cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies, and capital. It then examines several indicators of Nigeria's level of integration, such as trade ratios, foreign direct investment, and economic openness. The document concludes that while globalization can stimulate economic growth, Nigeria has not benefited enough due to its overdependence on oil exports and neglect of other sectors. It recommends diversifying the economy away from oil and improving conditions for sectors and foreign investment.
The study is on the effect of Net capital inflow on inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study seeks to deepen the understanding on how capital inflow creates opportunity for inclusive growth in Nigeria through increase in GDP per capita. The objective of the study were to : determine the effect of Net capital inflow , Net foreign direct investment and trade openness on inclusive growth in Nigeria. The study employed the time series data in its analysis. The period of analysis spanned through 1980-2015 and the dataset required for the analysis were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and National bureau of statistics publications. The study conducted trend analysis, descriptive analysis. The data were also tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical techniques, cointegration test and error correction mechanism. It was evident from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated while the cointegration test reveals that long run relationship exists among the variables. The findings equally reveal that capital inflow exerts significant negative influence on GDP per capita. This could be attributed to the problem of managing external capital flows which has been sub-optimal in most developing economies including Nigeria. The implication of this finding is that the perceived benefits that are associated with capital inflows tend not to hold sway in Nigeria over the sampled period which may be attributed to institutional and governance failure. Owing to the findings, this study recommends for the adoption of investment friendly policies and ensure transparency and good governance, appropriate economic management practices capable of supporting reforms in the Nigerian financial system and guide international capital inflows to ensure that the associated economic turnarounds are people-centered.
Foreign Portfolio Investment and Human Capital Development in Nigeria 1987 2018ijtsrd
As a result of low savings that characterize their economies, most developing economies scramble for international capital inflows to fill the void in their domestic savings. The international capital can take the form of Foreign Portfolio Investment. There are mixed and conflicting results in past studies on the effect of Foreign Portfolio Investment on Human Capital Development in Nigeria which this study will attempt to resolve. Foreign portfolio investment FPI is an aspect of international capital inflows and involves the transfer of financial assets such as cash, stock or bonds across international borders in want of profit. The main objective of this study is to explore, determine, assess, examine and ascertain the effect of FPI on human capital development in Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study are to explore, determine, assess, examine and ascertain the effects of foreign portfolio investment, market capitalization, exchange rate and interest rate respectively on human capital development in Nigeria. The study adopted ex post facto research design and sourced data sourced data from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Annual Reports and the World Bank Development Indicators which were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Augmented Dicker Fuller tests for unit roots and Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL for the hypothesis.The study concluded that foreign portfolio investment has both short run and long run positive and significant effects on human capital development. Hence, it is recommended that government should strengthen and deepen the capital market system in Nigeria to sustain existing foreign portfolio investment and attract new ones. Mbanefo Patrick Amaechi "Foreign Portfolio Investment and Human Capital Development in Nigeria: 1987-2018" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49231.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/49231/foreign-portfolio-investment-and-human-capital-development-in-nigeria-19872018/mbanefo-patrick-amaechi
Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Development in a Developing Afric...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper that examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on human capital development in Nigeria from 1987 to 2018. It begins with background on FDI and human capital development. It then reviews literature on the relationship between FDI and economic growth. The study uses data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and World Bank to analyze the long-run and short-run effects of FDI and other factors like exchange rates on human capital development in Nigeria, finding that FDI has a positive short-run effect but no long-run effect. It recommends that Nigeria reduce reliance on FDI and focus it on short-term plans only.
Effect of FDI Inflows on Real Sector Economy of Nigeriaijtsrd
The study have examined the effect of sectorial FDI to economic growth of Nigeria within 34 year period spanning 1987 to 2020. FDI was disaggregated into four variables being agriculture, construction, manufacturing, and oil and gas as the independent variable. Economic growth was the dependent variable. The data were obtained from CBN statistical bulletin and Annual reports. The repression analysed using the ARDL technique. The results showed that FDI to various sector of the economy has significant long run effect on economic growth of Nigeria. Furthermore, The short run dynamic results revealed that 1 FDI to agriculture has interjecting effect with positive effect in the first lag 1 and successive negative effects in lags 2 and 4 2 FDI to construction have a significant positive effect on economic growth 3 FDI to manufacturing sector has negative effect on economic growth and 4 FDI to oil and gas sector has positive effect on economic growth. The study posits that FDI inflows is a veritable driver to economic growth to developing economies like Nigeria. Among the recommendations of this study is that the government should encourage local investment into the agriculture and manufacturing to cushion the adverse impact of FDI to Nigeria growth. Ositadimma Victor Okpalla | Sylvia Chikodi Anaele | Ifeanyi Jude Ekwunife "Effect of FDI Inflows on Real Sector Economy of Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51910.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/51910/effect-of-fdi-inflows-on-real-sector-economy-of-nigeria/ositadimma-victor-okpalla
Modelling the Long Run Determinants of Foreign Portfolio in NigeriaMoses Oduh
1) This study examines the long-run determinants of foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria from 1981-2010 using time series analysis.
2) It finds that foreign portfolio investment has a positive long-run relationship with market capitalization and trade openness in Nigeria.
3) The study aims to help policymakers pursue policies that can attract more foreign portfolio investment in the long run, such as efforts to improve and sanitize the Nigerian capital market.
Foreign Investment and Its Effect on the Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Triang...iosrjce
Evidence abound about the registered increase in foreign investment inflows in recent years. While
proponents emphasize that these inflows could engender economic growth, critics express concern that there
could be destabilizing effect on the economy if not well managed. This study therefore, attempts to examine the
effect of foreign investments (disaggregated into foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment)
inflows on economic growth in Nigeria with a view to ascertaining the better contributor, using time series data
from 1987-2012. The OLS and the Granger causality procedures were employed in analyzing the data. The
result displays that both foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment have positive and significant
effect on economic growth though the partial correlation coefficients show that foreign portfolio investment is
the better contributor. Based on the result, government should pursue policies that encourage both foreign
direct investment and especially foreign portfolio investment.
Empirical review of globalization and nigerian economic performanceAlexander Decker
This document discusses globalization and Nigeria's economic performance within the global economy. It begins by defining globalization as the increasing economic integration and interdependence between countries through cross-border movement of goods, services, technologies, and capital. It then examines several indicators of Nigeria's level of integration, such as trade ratios, foreign direct investment, and economic openness. The document concludes that while globalization can stimulate economic growth, Nigeria has not benefited enough due to its overdependence on oil exports and neglect of other sectors. It recommends diversifying the economy away from oil and improving conditions for sectors and foreign investment.
The study is on the effect of Net capital inflow on inclusive growth in Nigeria. This study seeks to deepen the understanding on how capital inflow creates opportunity for inclusive growth in Nigeria through increase in GDP per capita. The objective of the study were to : determine the effect of Net capital inflow , Net foreign direct investment and trade openness on inclusive growth in Nigeria. The study employed the time series data in its analysis. The period of analysis spanned through 1980-2015 and the dataset required for the analysis were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and National bureau of statistics publications. The study conducted trend analysis, descriptive analysis. The data were also tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analytical techniques, cointegration test and error correction mechanism. It was evident from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated while the cointegration test reveals that long run relationship exists among the variables. The findings equally reveal that capital inflow exerts significant negative influence on GDP per capita. This could be attributed to the problem of managing external capital flows which has been sub-optimal in most developing economies including Nigeria. The implication of this finding is that the perceived benefits that are associated with capital inflows tend not to hold sway in Nigeria over the sampled period which may be attributed to institutional and governance failure. Owing to the findings, this study recommends for the adoption of investment friendly policies and ensure transparency and good governance, appropriate economic management practices capable of supporting reforms in the Nigerian financial system and guide international capital inflows to ensure that the associated economic turnarounds are people-centered.
Performing Online Survey’s “An Added Advantage” Over Advertisementijtsrd
In this article we try to study about the importance of performing surveys and they have an added advantage over advertisement. In earlier years manual surveys were done often door to door but off late surveys are being done online all over the world. Most of the nations conduct online surveys and use this as a great strategy to create good products and provide good services to the people and avoid spending heavily on advertisements. Surveys offer many benefits and therefore have become famous for their convenience, comfort and accurate feedback from the consumers. This article is based on the recent trends observed in various sectors where surveys are done and advertisements are offered to the consumer. After doing the marketing research by the companies and the changes in consumer behaviour observed the following conclusion is drawn. Dr. Mamta Bansal | Mr. Mandeep Narang "Performing Online Survey’s “An Added Advantage” Over Advertisement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38607.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38607/performing-online-survey’s-“an-added-advantage”-over-advertisement/dr-mamta-bansal
Financial Openness and Capital Market Development in Sub Saharan African Coun...ijtsrd
This study examined the nexus between financial openness and capital market development in Sub Saharan African Countries for 30 years period ranging from 1990 2019. Okafor, Martin Emeka | Nwakoby, Clement Ikechukwu Ndukaife | Adigwe, Patrick Kanayo | Ezu, Gideon Kasie "Financial Openness and Capital Market Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38568.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38568/financial-openness-and-capital-market-development-in-subsaharan-african-countries/okafor-martin-emeka
Macroeconomic Variables and Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeriaijtsrd
Management of macroencomic variables has been noted as instrumental to a well performing manufacturing sector. This study thus examined the effect of macroencomic variables on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria within a liberalised economic era of 1986 to 2018. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag model was employed for data analysis. The results revealed that macroeconomic variables has 93 significant short run policy effect but no significant long run effects on manufacturing sector output in Nigeria. The endogenous dynamics of manufacturing sector previous year outputs exerted a significance influence on the macroeconomic variables long run relationship effect on current year. The explanatory variables suggested that money supply M2 , interest rate INTR and credit to private sector CPS exerted positive effects on manufacturing sector output at short term trends. The study thus posits that macroeconomic variables have varying levels of effects on the manufacturing sectors of Nigerian economy. The monetary authority should employ the monetary policy stance in a pattern that increases money supply in order to boost investment in manufacturing sector which would eventual bring about improved output to Nigeria. Dr. Loretta Anayo Ozuah "Macroeconomic Variables and Manufacturing Sector Output in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38420.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38420/macroeconomic-variables-and-manufacturing-sector-output-in-nigeria/dr-loretta-anayo-ozuah
Nigeria and Global Competitiveness: Imperative for International Trade a Comp...inventionjournals
This study is aimed at examining the level of Nigeria’s global competitiveness in relation to some selected economies in Africa and to establish the links between international trade and global competitiveness. In conducting the study secondary data were sourced from the Africa Competitiveness report 2015 and the Global Competitiveness report 2014- 2015 as point of reference and in providing the data necessary for the analysis. Descriptive statistics was used in analyzing the data provided by the insight reports while comparison was made with six African oil exporting countries. Findings showed that Nigeria is having a weak performance in almost all the factors considered with a very dismal performance in its institutions, health and primary education and infrastructure to change this position to a positive one, the Nigeria economy should be transformed by diversifying the economy from crude oil dependence to a multi sector driven economy.
Fund Mobilization and Sustainable Economic Growth the Nigerian's Experienceijtsrd
This study examined the extent of relationship that exists between fund mobilization and economic growth in Nigeria from 1990 to 2019 using secondary data obtained from published works and CBN Statistical Bulletin. Bank Deposit BDEP , Gross Domestic Savings GDS and Gross Domestic Investments GDI were used to proxy fund mobilization, while Gross Domestic Product GDP , Per Capital Income PCI and Employment Rate EMR were also used to proxy Economic growth. The formulated hypotheses were regressed using Ordinary Least Square method. The result revealed that fund mobilization has significant relationship on GDP, but insignificant relationship on PCI and EMR. That means that fund mobilization increased the National Wealth GDP , without having any significant increase on people's standard of living PCI and EMR . Based on that result, attainment of a sustainable economic growth is a mere dream. The study advocates for citizenship advancement policy that will create more jobs which will enhance the standard of living of the populace. Again public goods and Education investment programs that can give the citizens equal opportunity to self development can serve as a bailout. Amakor, Ifeoma Chinelo | Eneh, Onyinye Maria-Regina "Fund Mobilization and Sustainable Economic Growth; the Nigerian's Experience" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47568.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47568/fund-mobilization-and-sustainable-economic-growth-the-nigerian's-experience/amakor-ifeoma-chinelo
Tax Incentives and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeriaiosrjce
Given the significance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to economic growth and the use of tax
incentives as a strategy among government of various countries to attract FDI, this study examines the influence
of tax incentives in the decision of an investor to locate FDI in Nigeria. Data were drawn from annual statistical
bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria and the World Bank World Development Indicators Database. The work
employs a model of multiple regressions using static Error Correction Modelling (ECM) to determine the time
series properties of tax incentives captured by annual tax revenue as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product
(GDP)and FDI. The result showed that FDI response to tax incentives is negatively significant, that is, increase
in tax incentives does not bring about a corresponding increase in FDI. Based on the findings, the paper
recommends, amongst others, that dependence on tax incentives should be reduced and more attention be put on
other incentives strategies such as stable economic reforms and stable political climate.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeriaijtsrd
This document examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria. It provides context on FDI and its importance for economic growth. FDI inflows to Nigeria have experienced volatility over time. The study aims to determine what factors influence FDI in Nigeria using econometric analysis. Specifically, it will analyze the impact of trade openness, market size, infrastructure, human capital, labor force, natural resources, exchange rate, and inflation rate on FDI inflows. The document reviews several previous studies that have examined factors influencing FDI in Nigeria and other countries. It finds that market size, trade openness, exchange rates, and inflation are often statistically significant determinants of FDI.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria (1977-2008) OLADAPO TOLU...dapoace
This document contains a literature review on foreign direct investment (FDI). It begins by defining FDI and discussing how FDI flows are compiled. It then reviews several theories on the determinants and impacts of FDI. Market size, trade openness, macroeconomic stability, and infrastructure development are identified as important determinants of FDI inflows. The literature suggests that while FDI can benefit economic growth, developing effective policies is important to maximize benefits and minimize risks for host countries like Nigeria.
Stimulation of foreign resources into Nigeria is to transform the economy as neoclassical economics promised. Successive governments in Nigeria usually attract large inflows, yet, small proportion is usually distributed to the agricultural sector despite the importance of this sector and the need for such capital. This study therefore focuses on the policy implication of sectoral distribution of foreign capital for the agricultural sector in Nigeria. The main objective is to examine the contribution of foreign capital to growth in the agricultural sector. Secondary data are employed for analysis. The relevant data are obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Simple percentages, tables and charts are the tools of analysis, while regression and correlation techniques are the inferential statistical approaches applied. Findings show that distribution of capital inflow in Nigeria does not reflect theoretical position that capital should flow to sectors of need, particularly, where there are abundant raw materials. This theoretical postulation has not been upheld in Nigeria where capital inflow was found to be randomly distributed. This has had negative effect on the contribution of foreign capital to growth in agricultural sector. It is therefore recommended that government should pursue policies like tax holidays and production subsidies for foreign investments in the agricultural sector.
Exchange Rate Fluctuation and Real Sector Output in Nigeria A Disaggregated A...ijtsrd
This study examined the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on real sector output in Nigeria. It is the goal of every economy to have a stable rate of exchange with its trading partners. In Nigeria, this goal was not attained in spite of the fact that the country embarked on devaluation to promote export and stabilize the rate of exchange. Despite various efforts by the government to maintain a stable exchange rate, the Naira has depreciated throughout the 1980s to date. It is worrisome to note that Nigerian economy is under industrialized and its capacity utilization is also low. Specifically, this study examined the effect of exchange rate fluctuation on agricultural, industrial, building and construction, and trade sector outputs. It employed an ex post facto research design and the main statistical was the Auto Regressive Distributive Lag ARDL estimation technique using secondary data sourced from the Central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins from 1986 2021. The result of the analyses revealed that exchange rate fluctuation had significant negative effect on agricultural sector output. Also, exchange rate was found to have a significant and negative effect on industrial, building and construction, and also trade sector output in Nigeria even though these effects were negative. The study concludes that although foreign exchange had significant effect on the real sector, such effect were negative thus displaying an inverse relationship. Sequel to these findings, there is a need for government at all levels federal, state, and local to actually invest in agriculture in an effort to match domestic demand and export to compete with crude oil for foreign exchange earnings. The Central Bank of Nigeria CBN is to provide foreign exchange relief measures for the acquisition of raw commodities that the nation naturally lacks while maintaining minimal exchange rate fluctuation to encourage local production by industries. Chrisphyna Ugochi Ahaneku | Ikenna Cyprain Egungwu | Amalachukwu Chijindu Ananwude "Exchange Rate Fluctuation and Real Sector Output in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Analysis (1986 - 2021)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd53838.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/international-economics/53838/exchange-rate-fluctuation-and-real-sector-output-in-nigeria-a-disaggregated-analysis-1986---2021/chrisphyna-ugochi-ahaneku
Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Price Changes in Emerging Stock Market Evid...ijtsrd
This study investigated macro economic variables and stock price changes in emerging stock market evidence from Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to ascertain the major macroeconomic variables that are determinants of stock prices in Nigerian Stock market. Secondary data was collected from CBN Statistical bulletins and used. The co integration technique was used for the data analysis. The results of the study or findings revealed that Exchange rate has a positive effect on stock prices Real GDP has a positive effect on stock prices money supply has negative effect on stock prices on the long run while interest rate, inflation rate, have no significant effect on stock prices. Based on the findings, it is thus recommended as follows more attention should be paid to credit control and long term supply of money by monetary authorities to stabilize stock prices instead of adopting price stabilization measures. Concerned authorities should tame inflation and interest rates, check stock prices manipulations, ensure the production and promotion of export products agents of stock market can also predict stock prices by observing trend of output growth consistently of a particular industry and Nigeria government and entrepreneurs should engage in the production of tradable goods rather than only crude oil to create more export for the country and hence boost stock market trading with more investors. Matthew Osedebamhen Moni | Steve Nkem Ibenta | Victor Ike Okonkwo "Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Price Changes in Emerging Stock Market Evidence from Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47503.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/47503/macroeconomic-variables-and-stock-price-changes-in-emerging-stock-market-evidence-from-nigeria/matthew-osedebamhen-moni
External Financing and Economic Growth in Nigeria 1986 2017ijtsrd
External financing has become a veritable resort to remedying the common problems of low productivity, low productivity, low savings and high dependent on consumption from exports in most less developed economies. The use of external finance is believed to have the capacity to close wide gap between domestic savings and investment and provide the complementary funds to facilitate economic activities necessary for growth in Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the effect of external financing on economic growth in Nigeria between 1986 and 2017. External financing was captured using five variables of external debt stock EDS , foreign direct investment FDI , official development assistance ODA , remittance RMT and foreign portfolio investment FPI , as the independent variables, regressed on economic growth represented by annual growth rate of gross domestic product GDPR as the dependent variable. Data for these variables were obtained from World Development Indicator, and analyzed based on the Autoregressive Distributive Lag ARDL approach. The findings revealed that, in the long run, EDS and FDI had a negative and a positive, significant effects, respectively, while others had no effect on growth in the short run, all the external financing variables EDS, FDI, FPI, ODA, and RMT had no significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. The study averred that FDI is a veritable source of financing that can bring about economic sustainability to Nigeria. The study recommended, among others, that government should deploy external debts for regenerative projects that will eventually liquidate themselves in the long run. Ekwunife, Ifeanyi Jude | Dr. J. J. E. Ikeora "External Financing and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1986-2017" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29388.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/29388/external-financing-and-economic-growth-in-nigeria-1986-2017/ekwunife-ifeanyi-jude
Current Trends and Issues in Foreign Direct Investment Post Covid 19 Pandemicijtsrd
This document summarizes a research paper on current trends and issues in foreign direct investment (FDI) post-COVID-19 pandemic. The research paper aims to analyze key factors that contributed to the decline in FDI in recent years and suggest ways to revive FDI. It discusses that FDI declined significantly due to the pandemic's economic slowdown. Issues leading to the FDI decline include contradiction between sovereign rights and investment protection, lack of transparency, corruption, and economic uncertainty. Nations are focusing on sustainable development and incentive policies to attract more FDI post-pandemic. The research uses secondary data and literature to identify problems and recommend policy solutions to improve the FDI situation.
Capital Inflows and Economic Growth A Comperative Studyiosrjce
This study examines the impact of capital inflows on economic growth of developing* economies; the
case of Nigeria Ghana and India from 1986-2012. This is necessitated by the doubts being raised as whether the
huge inflows of foreign capita! in developing economies over the years have transmitted to real economic
growth. Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test was employed to evaluate the stationarity of the data, while
Johansen Co-integration was used to estimate the long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The
casual relationship was tested using Granger Causality, and Ordinary Least Square method was used to
estimate the model. The finding reveals that capital inflows have significant impact on the economic growth of
the three countries. In Nigeria and Ghana, foreign direct and portfolio investment and foreign borrowings have
significant and positive impact on economic growth. Workers' remittances significantly and positively related to
the economic growth of the three countries. The enabling environment should be created in the Developing
Countries to encourage more inflow of foreign investments and workers remittances while India specifically
should channel their foreign aids to productive ends. This will help in dosing the savings-investment gap and
encourage economic growth in these countries. The study signifies that capital inflows is indispensable in
dosing the savings-investment gap required for economic growth of developing countries.
External Reserves and Economic Growth in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study examined the effect of external reserves on economic growth in Nigeria. The study disaggregated external reserve variables into external reserve stock, capital account balance, current account balance and cost of holding reserves. Economic growth was captured as the Gross Domestic Product growth rate. The data were generated from the CBN Statistical Bulletin and World Bank Group World Development Indicators, for a period of 35 years spanning 1987 to 2021. The regression model for the study was analysed using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag, which was found as most suitable using the Augmented Dicker Fuller Unit root tests. The results showed that there is no significant long run relationship between external reserves and economic growth in Nigeria and that the model explained about 71 of the short run factors that impact economic growth within the deregulated Nigeria economy. It was also discovered that economic growth has an endogenous effect on the model of external reserve strategies for economic growth. The regression results for the specific objectives and hypotheses testing revealed that 1 external reserve stock has a significant oscillatory short run effects on economic growth in Nigeria which was positive at lag 2 period and then negative in subsequent lag 3 year 2 capital account balance has a positive but no significant short run effect on economic growth in Nigeria 3 Current account balance has significant and short run positive effect on economic growth in the initial period but no effect in subsequent years and 4 Cost of reserve has significant and positive short run effect on economic growth in Nigeria. The study concluded that external reserves have not been an effective driver of Nigerian economic growth within the deregulated economy era. Based on the findings of the study it was recommended among others that government should increase her external reserve stock to enhance the growth of Nigerian economy, by increasing the export through diversification and exploration of new markets for Nigerian export products. Maryrose Chinyere Oforah | Prof. C. E. Umeora "External Reserves and Economic Growth in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/public-sector-management/55135/external-reserves-and-economic-growth-in-nigeria/maryrose-chinyere-oforah
Developmental Effect of the Rising Debt Level in Nigeriaijtsrd
Background Nigerian economy is bedeviled by dwindling economy, low per capita income, poor infrastructural development, high unemployment rates, inadequate basic amenities, falling growth rates of GDP and recently, rated the poverty headquarters of the world which calls for empirical investigation as a way forward to resuscitate the economy.Aim The study investigated the effect of debt level on the economic development of Nigeria from 1999 to 2021. Materials and Methods Two research questions were developed to guide the study. Also, two hypotheses were formulated for the study. Ex post facto research design was adopted. The study used time series data to analyse public debt level trends in Nigeria compared to GDP growth rate over twenty three 23 years, spanning from the year 1999 to 2021. Ordinary least square regression, unit root test, and Johansen co integration test were used to analyse the data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Results The results of the study showed that domestic debt level significantly and positively affects the gross domestic product performance in Nigeria. Also, the study found that external debt level significantly and negatively influences the gross domestic product of Nigeria. Conclusion The study concludes that debt level domestic and external have significant effect on Nigerian gross domestic product.Recommendation It was recommended that the government should resort to domestic debts up to sustainable debt levels that do not crowd out development and social programmes to prevent issues with debt overhang, government borrowing from international markets should be utilized effectively and concessionary loans rather than commercial loans should be sought after. Tochukwu Akaegbobi | Okeke Onyekachi, N | Onyeogubalu Ogochukwu, N "Developmental Effect of the Rising Debt Level in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57480.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/57480/developmental-effect-of-the-rising-debt-level-in-nigeria/tochukwu-akaegbobi
The document provides background information on foreign direct investment (FDI) and discusses the importance of FDI to developing economies like Nigeria. It notes that Nigeria suffers from capital scarcity due to low domestic savings. While FDI can help boost capital levels and economic growth, insecurity poses challenges to Nigeria's investment climate and has led to declining FDI. The study aims to examine the impact of insecurity on FDI in Nigeria, particularly in the manufacturing and communication sectors, in order to improve economic growth and development. It outlines the statement of the problem, research questions, objectives, hypotheses and significance of the study.
Empirical Assessment of the Nexus between Industrialization and Economic Grow...ijtsrd
This document examines the relationship between industrialization and economic growth in African nations from 2013 to 2019. It categorizes African nations into the top five most industrialized and the bottom five least industrialized based on industrial output. GDP and per capita GDP are used to measure economic growth. Statistical analysis finds a high correlation between average GDP of more industrialized nations and less industrialized nations, and a significant relationship between average per capita GDP of the two groups. However, industrialization has not had a significant impact on GDP or per capita GDP across African nations overall. The study concludes more needs to be done to develop policies that unlock the effects of industrialization on economic indicators in Africa.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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Capital Inflows and Economic Growth A Comperative Studyiosrjce
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case of Nigeria Ghana and India from 1986-2012. This is necessitated by the doubts being raised as whether the
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growth. Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test was employed to evaluate the stationarity of the data, while
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Developmental Effect of the Rising Debt Level in Nigeriaijtsrd
Background Nigerian economy is bedeviled by dwindling economy, low per capita income, poor infrastructural development, high unemployment rates, inadequate basic amenities, falling growth rates of GDP and recently, rated the poverty headquarters of the world which calls for empirical investigation as a way forward to resuscitate the economy.Aim The study investigated the effect of debt level on the economic development of Nigeria from 1999 to 2021. Materials and Methods Two research questions were developed to guide the study. Also, two hypotheses were formulated for the study. Ex post facto research design was adopted. The study used time series data to analyse public debt level trends in Nigeria compared to GDP growth rate over twenty three 23 years, spanning from the year 1999 to 2021. Ordinary least square regression, unit root test, and Johansen co integration test were used to analyse the data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. Results The results of the study showed that domestic debt level significantly and positively affects the gross domestic product performance in Nigeria. Also, the study found that external debt level significantly and negatively influences the gross domestic product of Nigeria. Conclusion The study concludes that debt level domestic and external have significant effect on Nigerian gross domestic product.Recommendation It was recommended that the government should resort to domestic debts up to sustainable debt levels that do not crowd out development and social programmes to prevent issues with debt overhang, government borrowing from international markets should be utilized effectively and concessionary loans rather than commercial loans should be sought after. Tochukwu Akaegbobi | Okeke Onyekachi, N | Onyeogubalu Ogochukwu, N "Developmental Effect of the Rising Debt Level in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57480.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/57480/developmental-effect-of-the-rising-debt-level-in-nigeria/tochukwu-akaegbobi
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Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
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formulation that will encourage growth development
and competition with other players, and as well attract
imports of Non-oil products.
The Nigerian capital market, having gone through
different stages, alongside the challenges and hurdles
that have slowed down its growth rate and its
assimilation into the financial markets of the world.
Despite the institutional and social activities which
has tamed the growth of the Nigerian capital market
there are other important factors to be considered.
Complex factors such as: political instability, policy
barriers to Capital flows, poor infrastructural
facilities, corruption, inappropriate economic policy,
instabilities, lack of advance and attractive financial
assets retards the ability of the capital market to
compete globally, and attract foreign resources into
the economy for promoting productive and real sector
development (Nwadike&Inwibo, 2014; Oluwole,
2014;Akinwale&Adekule 2019).
This research work seeks to examine the relationship
between globalisation and the development of the
Nigerian capital market from 1986 to 2020. There are
few literature on the relationship between
globalisation and development of the Nigerian capital
market most of which are not yet updated and due to
the conflicting views of the subject matter of the
research because some researchers found a positive
relationship while some found a negative relationship
and the subject matter of the research topic this has
generated the controversy which calls for further
study. The rest of this paper is divided into four
sections section two (2) is the literature review
section three (3) provide the methodological issues
while section four (4) analyses the results and
findings the last section five (5) is the conclusion and
relevant policy recommendation.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Globalisation is adopting global trends and activities
locally for local benefits and development.
Globalisation could also be said to be localisation of
global trends and events for local benefits and
development. Globalization involves increasing
economic interdependence among countries through
the expansion of cross-border trading of goods and
services, the flow of international financial resources
and rapid diffusion of technology (Oluwole 2014;
Akinwale&Adekule, 2019). Globalisation is an
uneven process with unequal distribution of its
benefit and losses. This imbalance leads to
polarization between developed countries that gain
and developing countries that lose out (Obadan 2001).
Globalisation involves liberalization of economic
activities, which is the process of intercontinental
economic arrangement which has led to the
integration and advancement of the world economy,
through the pulling of difficulty in trade and
greatmobility of finance, labour and ideals (Onyimba,
Nwokeduuko&Evelyn, 2019). The elements of
globalisation includes, free movement of goods and
services, flow of capital, movement of labour and the
transfer of technology (Amit &Almas, 2005;
Onyimba et al.2019).
The capital market, whose major function is to
provide a platform through which funds are
channelled from surplus sector to deficit sector, is
also the place where various entities trade different
financial instruments; it is the financial hub of the
economy. The global capital market is the interlinking
of various investment exchanges around the world
which gives individuals and corporations the
opportunity to buy and sell financial securities on an
international level. Capital market globalisation is
necessitated by the financial need of real sector of the
economy which cannot be met domestically, due to
shortage of domestic resources, and the opportunities
created by the global financial markets through rapid
technological movement which supports security
trading and Investment among countries (Goel&
Gupta, 2011).
Kilic(2015) investigated the effects of economic,
social and political globalisation on the growth level
of developing countries and causality relationship
between the variables between Dumitresu-
Hurlin(2012) for 74 countries, the results indicated
that economic growth levels of selected developing
countries were positively affected by the economic
globalisation, where as social globalisation affected
economic growth negatively. Causality test however
showed that there are two way causality relationships
between political and social globalisation and the
economic growth and one way causality relationship
between social globalisation and economic growth.
Olanrewaju, KolawoleandSamon (2015) investigated
the relationship between Globalisation, Capital
markets and economic growth in Nigeria, the research
made use of the ordinary least square to establish the
relationship between globalisation, consumer price
index and gross domestic product. It was revealed
that globalisation measured by the ratio of total trade
to the gross domestic product had negative and
significant effects on the gross domestic product, why
the consumer price index had a positive and
insignificant effect on the gross domestic.
OnuohaandNwaiwu (2016) investigated the effect of
Global financial crisis on the Nigerian stock market,
using secondary data, and analysed the data using
regression model, it was revealed that the global
financial crisis measured by the currency crisis, credit
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crisis, liquidity crisis and foreign investment crisis,
had a negative and significant impact on the Nigerian
stock market.
Akinmulegun(2018) investigated the relationship
between capital market development and foreign
portfolio investment in Nigeria from 1985 to 2016.
This study employed secondarydata sourced from the
Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and
publications of NSE. Augmented dickey Fuller test
granger causality test and vector error correction
model where employed to conduct the analysis, the
study concluded that the capital market development
has a significant effect on foreign portfolio
investment in Nigeria.
AkinwaleandAdekule(2019), investigate globalisation
and capital market development in Nigeria from 1986
to 2017 using secondary data from the Central Bank
of Nigeria statistical bulletin augmented Dickey
Fuller(ADF) bound test and autoregressive distributed
lag (ARDL) were employed to evaluate the effect of
trade openness, foreign direct investment and foreign
portfolio investment where stationary at all level. The
ARDL revealed that both trade openness and foreign
portfolio investment had a positive effect on market
capitalisation in short and long run while FDI had a
negative and insignificant effect on market
capitalisation in the short and long run.
METHODOLOGY
This research work made use of quantitative and
secondary data and it spread across a period of
34years (1986-2020). The secondary data were
obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)
statistical bulletin. The study adopted historical or
after the fact research design to evaluate the effects of
the globalisation, variables measured in this research
work as foreign direct investment, total exports and
total imports on Capital market development which
was proxy by market capitalisation. The model for
this study was anchored upon modified model of
Akinmulegun (2018) and some of the variables
adopted in the research work were based on the
empirical works of Akinwale&Adekule (2019). The
model was structured to investigate the effect of
foreign direct investment, total exports and total
imports on market capitalization which is given as
thus:
The econometric transformation of Equ. 2 is thus
expressed:
Where:
= Market capitalization
= Foreign direct investment
= Non-oil exports
= Non-oil imports
= The constant term
= The coefficients of the independent
variables
= the random disturbance term
DATA ANALYSIS RESULT
The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root
technique is used to determine the stationarity
properties of the data to avoid the problem of
spurious regression. Due to the mixed order of
integration of the variables, Table 1 presents only the
unit root result of the variables at first difference. As
can be seen from the ADF result, the variables are all
stationary at first difference, hence the result of the
regression output would be deemed to be reliable in
statistical perspective.
Table 1: ADF Test Result
Variables ADF Test Statistic Test Value at 5% Remark
MKTCAP -3.420029 (0.02)**
-2.954021 Stationary
FDI -4.573843 (0.01)*
-3.587527 Stationary
NOEXP -4.404982 (0.00)*
-2.986225 Stationary
NOIMP -3.789475 (0.03)**
-3.595026 Stationary
Source: Statistical Output from E-views 10.0
P-values are in parenthesis, while * and ** represent 1% and 5% level of significance respectively
The summary of descriptive statistic of the data are detailed in Table 2. The minimum and maximum values are
6.8 and 38589.58 for MKTCAP; 735 and 31072601 for FDI; 0.55 and 3207.02 for NOEXP; and 5.07 and
18920.07 for NOIMP. The mean of the data are 7324.364, 3718471, 438.0437, and 3902.581, while the standard
deviation are 9683.493, 9381951, 676.7964, and 4884.134 respectively for MKTCAP, FDI, NOEXP, and
NOIMP respectively.
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Table 2: Descriptive Properties of Data
Min. Max. Obs. Mean Std. Dev.
MKTCAP 6.800000 38589.58 35 7324.364 9683.493
FDI 735.8000 31072601 35 3718471 9381951
NOEXP 0.550000 3207.020 35 438.0437 676.7964
NOIMP 5.070000 18920.07 35 3902.581 4884.134
Source: Statistical Output from E-views 10.0
The existence of a long-run relationship among the variables was ascertained using the bound testing technique.
The result in Table 3 shows that there is no long-run relationship between globalization and capital market
development in Nigeria. The f-statistic of 2.28 for the model: market capitalization is a function of foreign direct
investment, total exports, and total imports is less than the upper and lower critical values of 3.67 and 2.79
respectively.
Table 3: ARDLF-Bounds Test
T-Test 5% Critical Value Bound Remark
F-Statistic Upper Bound Lower Bound
2.228250 3.67 2.79 Null Hypothesis Accepted
Source: Statistical Output from E-views 10.0
The short-run relationship in Table 4 unveils that there is a positive and significant relationship between market
capitalization and foreign direct investment at lag 1. There is a significant and negative relationship non-oil
exports and market capitalization, while on other hand, there is a positive non-significant relationship between
market capitalization and non-oil imports. When foreign direct investment, non-oil exports and non-oil imports
are held constant, market capitalization would assumed to be -601.28. A unit rise in foreign direct investment
and non-oil imports would lead to 0.0019 and 1.030841 factor appreciation in market capitalization respectively.
However, a unit appreciation in non-oil exports would result in 46.63 factor depreciation in the market
capitalization. The adjusted R-square reveals that 97.92% changes in market capitalization was attributable to
the joint fluctuation in foreign direct investment, non-oil exports, and non-imports. This is supported by the p-
value (0.0000) of the f-statistic (75.54) which is significant at a level of 5%. The Durbin Watson value of 2.5
does not portray any danger of autocorrelation in the estimated model.
Table 4: ARDL Short-Run Relationship
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.
MKTCAP(-1) 2.826803 0.747789 3.780214 0.0030
MKTCAP(-2) -4.508121 1.095523 -4.115040 0.0017
MKTCAP(-3) 3.600624 1.061417 3.392279 0.0060
MKTCAP(-4) -3.210236 2.029048 -1.582139 0.1419
FDI 0.001906 0.000855 2.229923 0.0475
FDI(-1) -0.001154 0.000336 -3.437943 0.0055
FDI(-2) 0.004075 0.001470 2.771865 0.0182
FDI(-3) -0.009510 0.002690 -3.535419 0.0047
FDI(-4) 0.037165 0.012221 3.041158 0.0112
NOEXP -46.63145 18.85094 -2.473693 0.0309
NOEXP(-1) 71.06658 20.77491 3.420789 0.0057
NOEXP(-2) -37.76160 20.79026 -1.816312 0.0966
NOEXP(-3) 4.524952 35.06743 0.129036 0.8997
NOEXP(-4) 18.86265 22.58219 0.835289 0.4213
NOIMP 1.030841 1.810772 0.569282 0.5806
NOIMP(-1) 2.845482 1.680484 1.693252 0.1185
NOIMP(-2) -2.769489 2.894238 -0.956897 0.3592
NOIMP(-3) -1.127649 1.708831 -0.659895 0.5229
NOIMP(-4) -3.084539 2.389465 -1.290891 0.2232
C -601.2811 585.4550 -1.027032 0.3265
Adjusted R-squared 0.979258 Durbin-Watson stat 2.5609
F-statistic 75.54466 Prob (F-statistic) 0.0000
Source: Statistical Output from E-views 10.0
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The granger causality test in Table 5 unveils that there is a causal relationship between market capitalization,
foreign direct investment, non-oil exports, and non-oil imports at a significant level of 5%. This result evidences
that globalization as expressed by foreign direct investment, non-oil exports, and non-oil imports has significant
effect on market capitalization in Nigeria. Similarly, it was found out also that market capitalization has
significant effect on non-oil exports and non-oil imports.
Table 5: Granger Causality Test
Null Hypothesis: Obs F-Statistic Prob. Remarks
FDI does not Granger Cause MKTCAP
MKTCAP does not Granger Cause FDI
33 5.44391
2.61098
0.0101
0.0913
Causality
No Causality
NOEXP does not Granger Cause MKTCAP
MKTCAP does not Granger Cause NOEXP
33 10.3391
3.53971
0.0004
0.0426
Causality
Causality
NOIMP does not Granger Cause MKTCAP
MKTCAP does not Granger Cause NOIMP
33 12.0502
5.76794
0.0002
0.0080
Causality
Causality
Source: Statistical Output from E-views 10.0
Findings showed that foreign direct investment, non –
oil export and non – oil imports has significant effect
on market capitalization in Nigeria which agrees with
the study of Akinmulegu (2018) who investigated the
relationship between the capital market development
and foreign portfolio investment in Nigeria and
discover that the Capital market development has
significant effect on foreign portfolio investment. It
was as well discovered through the granger causality
test that market capitalization has significant effect on
non – oil export and non – oil import which agrees
with the work of AkinwaleandAdekunle (2019) which
also revealed that there is a positive relationship
between trade openness and foreign portfolio
investment and capitalization, but disagrees on the
variables of foreign direct investment. Finally, from
the results it could be seen that globalization which
was proxy by foreign direct investment, non-oil
export and non-oil imports has significant effect on
market capitalization in Nigeria and market
capitalization has significant effects on non-oil
exports and non-oil imports.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The existence of relationships among variables was
ascertained from the previous section of this work.
There is positive and significant relationship between
market capitalization and foreign direct investment.
Market capitalization has significant effects on non-
oil export and non-oil imports. This research work
has shown that the capital market plays a very vital
role in sustaining growth and development of
economic activities; businesses, mobilization and
allocation of funds which is a vitamin for economic
growth. Globalization of the capital market is all
about localizing the global events and trends in order
to attract capital from foreign markets, thereby
increasing the availability of financial resources for
domestic investment. We therefore submit our
recommendations that the government should
consider the option of liberalizing the economy (let
there be labour market flexibility, lower tax rate for
businesses, less restriction on both domestic and
foreign capital to encourage competitiveness in the
business environment), so that the full benefit of
globalization would be reaped, since globalization
brings about development of the Capital market. Let
there be consideration of the introduction of a more
juicy and attractive financial instrument, so that
foreign investors could be encouraged to invest in the
capital market in other to attract more foreign
exchange into the economy. Let regulatory agency
encourage the practise of global stock market so that
the Nigerian capital market will not be left out in the
world of financial market. Let there be policies that
would encourage and boost the confidence of foreign
investors, in the economy so that development of the
capital market will be accelerated.
REFERENCES
[1] Akinmulegun, S. O. (2018). Capital market
development and foreign portfolio investment
inflow in Nigeria (1985-2016). Advances in
Economics and Business, 6(5), 299-307.
[2] Akinwale, S. O. &Adekunle O. E. (2019).
Globalization and capital market development
in Nigeria. Journal of economics and business,
2(2), 396-44.
[3] Amit, K. B. & Almas, H. (2005). Measurement
of globalization and its variation among
countries regions and overtime. Discussion
Paper, No 1578, 1-49.
[4] Faloye, B. A. &Adekunle, O. G. (2016). The
impact of capital market on economic growth
of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Banking &
Finance and Entrepreneurship Management, 2,
104-116.
[5] Goel K. & Gupta, R. (2011). Impact of
globalization on stock market development in
India. Delhi Business Review, 2(1), 68-84.
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[6] Guido B. & Adriana, A. (2001). Globalization
and the role of the state:Challenges and
perspectives. United Nations World, Public
Sector Report.
[7] Kilic, C. (2015). Effects of globalization on
economic growth: Panel data analysis for
developing countries. Economic Insights –
Trends and Challenges, 1, 1-11.
[8] Nwadike, G. C. &Nwibo, S. E. (2014). Effects
of globalization on Nigeria stock exchange and
capital market liberation on economic growth
(1981-2011). Journal of Business, Economics
& Finance, 3(3), 357-370.
[9] Obadan, M. I. (1999). Managing the Nigerian
Economy into the next millennium: Strategies
and policies. Journal of Economic
Management, 5(1), 1-38.
[10] Obadan, M. I. (2001). Africa and the challenge
of globalization: How should the continent
respond? Nigeria journal of Economic and
Review, 6(2), 35-42
[11] Olanrewaju, A. A., Kolawale, S. A. & Samson,
A. (2015). Globalization, capital market and
economic development in Nigeria. Journal of
government and regulations, 4(1), 57-62.
[12] Oluwole, F. O. (2014). Globalization and stock
market growth in Nigeria. European scientific
Journal, 10(1), 317-332.
[13] Onuoha, T. E. &Nwaiwu, J. N. (2016). Impact
of global financial crisis on Nigerian stock
market. An international Multi-disciplinary
Journal, 10(1), 166-177.
[14] Onyimba, R. C. Nwokediuko, J. N. & Evelyn,
B. E. (2019). Effect of globalization on growth
and development of capital market in Nigeria.
International Academy Journal of
Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurial
Studies, 7(2), 21-32.