This document provides instructions for constructing a low-cost high tunnel for intensively managing a small growing area. It details the materials needed to build end walls and covers for tunnels of various lengths, as well as options for doors. The instructions guide the reader through cutting lumber pieces and assembling one of the end walls based on labeled diagrams. Key steps include centering holes in the base plate, screwing boards together at 90 degree angles, marking and cutting angled pieces to fit, and repeating for the second end wall. Tables list material quantities and costs.
High tunnels can extend the growing season for warm-season and cold-season crops. They capture heat from the sun and protect plants from frost. The document provides details on constructing a high tunnel, including materials needed and costs. It describes preparing the field, making end walls, installing anchors and PVC pipes, attaching plastic to cover the frame, and finishing details. Construction costs are about $0.75 per square foot for materials and supplies.
High tunnels can extend the growing season for warm-season and cold-season crops. They capture heat from the sun and protect plants from frost. The document provides details on constructing a high tunnel, including materials needed and costs. It describes preparing the field, making end walls, installing anchors and PVC pipes, attaching plastic to cover the frame, and finishing details. Construction costs are about $0.75 per square foot for materials and supplies.
High tunnels can extend the growing season for warm-season and cold-season crops. They capture heat from the sun and protect plants from frost. The document provides details on constructing a high tunnel, including materials needed and costs. It describes preparing the field, making end walls, installing anchors and PVC pipes, attaching plastic to cover the frame, and finishing details. Construction costs are about $0.75 per square foot for materials and supplies.
High tunnels can extend the growing season for warm-season and cold-season crops. They capture heat from the sun and protect plants from frost. The document provides details on constructing a high tunnel, including materials needed and costs. It describes preparing the field, making end walls, installing anchors and PVC pipes, attaching plastic to cover the frame, and finishing details. Construction costs are about $0.75 per square foot.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of materials, diagrams of the framing and assembly steps. The shed features a simple gable roof, double doors, windows, and can be used for storage or a workshop. Construction involves building a floor frame, walls, roof framing, and installing siding, roofing, doors and windows. The plans allow for customizable features like adding a wood ramp.
This document lists building materials and their costs needed for constructing a floor, walls, openings, roof, and exterior of a building. It includes items like concrete, rebar, wood studs and plates, sheathing, siding, roofing felt, asphalt shingles, insulation, windows, and doors. The total cost of all materials is estimated to be $2,721.25.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to hold concrete in place until it hardens. Common materials for formwork include wood, plywood, aluminum, and steel. The document provides guidance on estimating formwork costs, including how costs decrease with additional uses and factors to consider like component sizing, bracing requirements, and pour rate. An example estimates materials needed for forming a 9'-6" x 25'-4" concrete wall.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to hold concrete in place until it hardens. Common materials for formwork include wood, plywood, aluminum, and steel. This document provides guidance on estimating costs for concrete formwork based on factors like material selection, expected reuse, and design considerations. It then works through a sample estimate for the formwork required for a 9'-6" x 25'-4" concrete wall.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all required materials, diagrams of the framing and construction steps, and details for installing the floor, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. The plans call for a simple gable roof design constructed primarily from pressure treated wood with asphalt shingles and plywood siding.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof decking and asphalt shingles.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof frame, gable overhangs, and installing exterior finishes. Key details are illustrated to show how components like the rafters, roofing, and fascia should be installed.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor joists, wall studs, rafters, asphalt shingles, cedar trim, and plywood siding. The shed features a gable roof, double doors, and windows to provide storage space and natural lighting.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and construction steps, and details for installing features like the floor, walls, roof, doors and windows. The plans call for a simple gable roof design using common wood framing techniques and materials like plywood, asphalt shingles and cedar siding suitable for basic outdoor storage.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof frame, gable overhangs, and installing exterior finishes. Key details are illustrated to show how components like the rafters, roofing, and fascia should be installed.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor joists, wall studs, rafters, asphalt shingles, cedar trim, and plywood siding. The shed features a gable roof, double doors, and windows to provide storage space and natural lighting.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof frame, gable overhangs, and installing exterior finishes. Key details are illustrated to show how components like the rafters, roofing, and fascia should be installed.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor framing, wall framing, roof rafters and sheathing, installation of doors, windows, fascia, soffits and siding. The shed features a simple gable roof design suitable for storage.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor joists, wall studs, rafters, asphalt shingles, cedar trim, and plywood siding. The shed features a gable roof, double doors, and windows to provide storage space and natural lighting.
High tunnels can extend the growing season for warm-season and cold-season crops. They capture heat from the sun and protect plants from frost. The document provides details on constructing a high tunnel, including materials needed and costs. It describes preparing the field, making end walls, installing anchors and PVC pipes, attaching plastic to cover the frame, and finishing details. Construction costs are about $0.75 per square foot for materials and supplies.
High tunnels can extend the growing season for warm-season and cold-season crops. They capture heat from the sun and protect plants from frost. The document provides details on constructing a high tunnel, including materials needed and costs. It describes preparing the field, making end walls, installing anchors and PVC pipes, attaching plastic to cover the frame, and finishing details. Construction costs are about $0.75 per square foot.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of materials, diagrams of the framing and assembly steps. The shed features a simple gable roof, double doors, windows, and can be used for storage or a workshop. Construction involves building a floor frame, walls, roof framing, and installing siding, roofing, doors and windows. The plans allow for customizable features like adding a wood ramp.
This document lists building materials and their costs needed for constructing a floor, walls, openings, roof, and exterior of a building. It includes items like concrete, rebar, wood studs and plates, sheathing, siding, roofing felt, asphalt shingles, insulation, windows, and doors. The total cost of all materials is estimated to be $2,721.25.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to hold concrete in place until it hardens. Common materials for formwork include wood, plywood, aluminum, and steel. The document provides guidance on estimating formwork costs, including how costs decrease with additional uses and factors to consider like component sizing, bracing requirements, and pour rate. An example estimates materials needed for forming a 9'-6" x 25'-4" concrete wall.
Formwork is a temporary structure used to hold concrete in place until it hardens. Common materials for formwork include wood, plywood, aluminum, and steel. This document provides guidance on estimating costs for concrete formwork based on factors like material selection, expected reuse, and design considerations. It then works through a sample estimate for the formwork required for a 9'-6" x 25'-4" concrete wall.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all required materials, diagrams of the framing and construction steps, and details for installing the floor, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. The plans call for a simple gable roof design constructed primarily from pressure treated wood with asphalt shingles and plywood siding.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof decking and asphalt shingles.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof frame, gable overhangs, and installing exterior finishes. Key details are illustrated to show how components like the rafters, roofing, and fascia should be installed.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor joists, wall studs, rafters, asphalt shingles, cedar trim, and plywood siding. The shed features a gable roof, double doors, and windows to provide storage space and natural lighting.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and construction steps, and details for installing features like the floor, walls, roof, doors and windows. The plans call for a simple gable roof design using common wood framing techniques and materials like plywood, asphalt shingles and cedar siding suitable for basic outdoor storage.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof frame, gable overhangs, and installing exterior finishes. Key details are illustrated to show how components like the rafters, roofing, and fascia should be installed.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor joists, wall studs, rafters, asphalt shingles, cedar trim, and plywood siding. The shed features a gable roof, double doors, and windows to provide storage space and natural lighting.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all necessary materials, diagrams of the framing and roof structure, and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, and exterior finishes. Key details include framing the floor on gravel and skids, installing 2x4 wall studs and headers, cutting rafters and installing the roof ridge board, and finishing with asphalt shingles, plywood siding, and trim details.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof frame, gable overhangs, and installing exterior finishes. Key details are illustrated to show how components like the rafters, roofing, and fascia should be installed.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor framing, wall framing, roof rafters and sheathing, installation of doors, windows, fascia, soffits and siding. The shed features a simple gable roof design suitable for storage.
This document provides plans and instructions for building a basic 12' x 8' shed. It includes a list of all materials needed and step-by-step directions for constructing the floor frame, walls, roof, doors, windows, and siding. Construction involves a compacted gravel base, pressure treated skids, floor joists, wall studs, rafters, asphalt shingles, cedar trim, and plywood siding. The shed features a gable roof, double doors, and windows to provide storage space and natural lighting.
The document discusses the history and current state of climate change research. It notes that scientific consensus has formed around the occurrence of climate change due to human activity like fossil fuel burning. Recent years have seen increasing temperatures, sea level rise, and more extreme weather events consistent with the scientific predictions about climate change impacts.
This document lists the fuses for an Audi A6 from 1994-1997 with a 1.8 liter engine. It identifies 24 fuses labeled F1 through F24 with their corresponding amperage ratings and the electrical components each fuse powers, such as headlights, interior lights, engine components, and other vehicle systems. The document also provides specifications for the vehicle including the manufacturer, model, engine code, horsepower, emission standard, and year.
The document discusses different types of mass air flow sensors. It describes how a hot wire mass air flow sensor works by using a thermistor and hot wire to measure airflow and output a proportional voltage signal. It also describes how a vane air flow meter and Karman vortex air flow sensor measure airflow and output signals to the ECM to calculate fuel injection. The mass air flow sensor is located in the intake air stream and converts airflow into a voltage signal used by the ECM to determine engine load and calculate fuel injection, ignition timing, and transmission shifting.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Digital Marketing Trends in 2024 | Guide for Staying AheadWask
https://www.wask.co/ebooks/digital-marketing-trends-in-2024
Feeling lost in the digital marketing whirlwind of 2024? Technology is changing, consumer habits are evolving, and staying ahead of the curve feels like a never-ending pursuit. This e-book is your compass. Dive into actionable insights to handle the complexities of modern marketing. From hyper-personalization to the power of user-generated content, learn how to build long-term relationships with your audience and unlock the secrets to success in the ever-shifting digital landscape.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Project Management Semester Long Project - Acuityjpupo2018
Acuity is an innovative learning app designed to transform the way you engage with knowledge. Powered by AI technology, Acuity takes complex topics and distills them into concise, interactive summaries that are easy to read & understand. Whether you're exploring the depths of quantum mechanics or seeking insight into historical events, Acuity provides the key information you need without the burden of lengthy texts.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
1. January 2008 HG/High Tunnels/2008-01pr
Constructing a Low-cost High Tunnel
Brent Black, Dan Drost, Daniel Rowley and Rick Heflebower
Site Selection 2. Following the instructions below will
construct one end wall as per Diagram 1.
The high tunnel is designed for intensively First, cut the lumber lengths as specified in
managing a small area. Therefore, site selection is Table 3 to minimize wastage. Start the end
critical. The tunnel should be located in well- wall construction with part “A” and finish
drained soils that are fertile and free of serious the construction with part “L.”
pathogens, weeds and other problems. The site 3. Center and drill a 1¼-inch hole 1 foot from
should not be shaded, particularly on the south and each end of the base plate “A.” The rebar
west sides. The tunnel needs to be located near a corner anchors and the end wall arches fit
year-round water source. This may require a freeze- into these 1¼-inch holes.
free tap connected to a culinary water system in the 4. Assemble parts “A” through “H” as shown
winter. Access to power may also be beneficial. on the end wall diagram. Start with board
When constructing more than one house and the “A” and screw board “B” to board “A”
houses have an east-west orientation, separate them using two 3-inch wood screws. Continue
by about 10-feet so shading between houses is fastening board “C” and “D” making sure
minimized. that the door opening is centered, the side
walls are square and all boards fit together at
To build a high tunnel you will need a circular saw, 90° angles.
electric drill, drill bits, sledge hammer, a square, tin 5. Attach parts “E” and “F” as outlined on
snips, and a 1¼-inch drill bit. Table 1 provides the Diagram 1, and then attach parts “G” and
materials list for tunnels that are 42, 90 or 140 feet “H.”
long. Table 2 lists materials needed for constructing 6. Lay boards “I” and “L” on top of assembled
the doors. The following descriptions will assist you end wall and use a pencil to mark the angles
in building the end walls and doors, and in (22° and 68°) from below. Make sure that
assembling the tunnel. While the end walls and there is a 1-inch gap between the 1¼-inch
doors can be constructed by one person, extra help holes in part “A” and the attachment point
will be needed to cover the tunnel with plastic and between “A” and parts “I” and “L.. While
to help fasten the plastic to the end walls. the two angles (22° and 68°) can be
measured, the measurements do not need to
Constructing the Tunnel End Walls be exact, so marking them with a pencil
before cutting is easier than measuring the
1. To construct the two end walls you will need angles. Cut the correct angle, position them
two 16-foot long 2x4s, four 10-foot long as illustrated in the diagram and fasten them
2x4s, and eight 8-foot long 2x4s.
2. to the rest of the end wall with 3 inch illustrated in the diagram and fasten with 3-
screws. inch screws.
7. Lay boards “J” and “K” against assembled 8. Repeat steps 2-7 to construct second end
end wall and mark the two angles (47° and wall.
43°) with a pencil from below as suggested 9. After building the walls, the wood can be
in step 6. Cut the angles, position them as protected with a coat of exterior grade latex
paint, if desired.
Table 1. Materials needed to construct a high tunnel and their associated costs. Quantities and costs are
presented for constructing tunnels 14 feet wide and in lengths of 42, 90 or 140 feet.
Quantity Unit price Cost
Tunnel Tunnel length Tunnel length
42' 90' 140' 42' 90' 140'
6 mil greenhouse plastic (24' wide)1 50' 100' 150' $2/ft $130 $200 $300
2" x 24" precut rebar for side anchors 30 62 96 $1.09 $32.70 $67.58 $104.94
1" schedule 40 PVC pipe - hoops 340' 700' 1080' $5.40/20' $102.60 $216.00 $324.00
-ridge purlin 40' 100' 140'
PVC cement to glue arch pieces 1 pint $5.70 $5.70
Baling twine - lash frame, secure available in 5000' roll $20.99 $20.99
plastic (10' for each 1' of tunnel length)
White exterior latex paint to coat PVC 1 qt. 2 qts. 3 qts. $14.00/gal. $14.00
hoops2
Tunnel subtotal $306.00 $524.28 $769.34
Endwalls
Lumber - 8 foot 2 x 4 8 lengths $1.98 $15.84
10 foot 2 x 4 4 lengths $3.27 $13.08
16 foot 2 x 4 2 length $5.84 $11.68
4' lathe 1 bundle of 50 $9.78 $ 9.78
Wood screws - 3" construct wall 1 box $8.50 $8.50
1 5/8" to attach lath to endwall 1 box $8.50 $8.50
Plumbers hanger strap (attach last 12' $3.26 25' $3.26
hoop and to support posts to endwall) roll
White exterior latex paint 1 gal. $14.00 $14.00
Corner reinforcing brackets 16 $ 0.70 $11.20
T-posts to support end walls 4 $4.19 $16.76
End wall subtotal $112.60
Total excluding doors $418.60 $636.88 $881.94
1
Standard lengths for plastic are 100', 150' and 220'. Custom lengths are available but require a 30% surcharge.
2
Paint requirement for end walls and hoops may exceed 1 gallon.
3. Table 2. Door options and associated costs per door
Quantity Unit price Cost
Option 1 - roll up curtain
Plastic 6' x 7' left over*
Lumber - 2x4 x 8' 1 $1.98 $1.98
4' lath 3 left over
Baling twine to secure 20' left over
curtain to endwall
Eye screws for baling 4 $0.10 $0.40
twine
Option 1 - cost per door $2.38
Option 2- Standard wood-frame door
Plastic 5' x 7' left over
Lumber - 2x4 8' 3 $1.98 $5.94
2x4 x 10' 1 $3.27 $3.27
4' lath 6 left over
Hinges 2 $1.08 $2.16
Gate latch 1 $4.00 $4.00
Paint left from end wall
Option 2 - cost per door $15.37
Option 3 - Top-venting wood frame door
Plastic 5' x 7' left over
Lumber - 2x4 x 8' 3 $1.98 $5.94
2x4 x 10' 3 $3.27 $9.81
4' lath 7 left over
Hinges 4 $1.08 $4.32
Gate latch for main door 1 $4.00 $4.00
Bolt latch for top door 1 $1.68 $1.68
Paint left from end wall
Option 3 - cost per door $25.75
*There may not be sufficient left over plastic to cover the door.
4. 6. After building the door, the wood can be
Table 3. Cutting instructions for 2x4 boards to protected with a coat of exterior grade latex
construct one endwall. paint.
7. Cover the door with a sheet of plastic,
# attaching the plastic around the door frame
Length Part# Length Part #
Length
using lath strips and screws.
1 16’ un-cut “A”
Constructing a Door with Top Vents
2 10’ 5’ “C” 4’ - 6” “I”
1. To construct one top-venting door to fit into
“E”, the end wall openings you will need two 10-
4’ - 6” “L” (2) 2 ’- 6”
“H”
foot long 2x4s and four 8-foot long 2x4s.
“F”, “J”, 2. Following the instructions below will
2 8’ (2) 4’ (2) 3’- 10” construct one door as per Diagram 3. Cut the
“G” “K”
2x4 lumber to the lengths specified in Table
“B”, 5 to minimize wastage. Mark the pieces with
2 8’ (2) 6’- 5½”
“D” the appropriate numbers as you cut them.
Start the door construction with part “AA”
and finish the construction with part “EE”.
Constructing a Simple Frame Door
Table 5. Cutting instructions for 2x4 boards to
1. To construct one simple door to fit into the construct a top-venting door.
end wall openings you will need one 10-
foot’ long 2x4 and three 8-foot long 2x4s. # Part #
Cut length Part # Cut length
2. Cut the 2x4 pieces to the lengths specified in Length
Table 4 to minimize wastage, marking the
pieces with the appropriate part letters as 2 “AA”, “HH”,
(2) 6’- 3” (2) 1’- 6”
you cut them. Assemble according to 8’ “CC” “KK”
Diagram 2. Start the door construction with
1 “BB”
board “a” and finish the construction with 8’
4’ - 8”
board “e.”
1 “FF”
Table 4. Cutting instructions for 2x4 boards to Un-cut
8’
construct a simple door.
2 “DD”, “GG”,
# Length Length Part (2) 4’- 8” (2) 4’-4½”
10’ “EE” “JJ”
2 8’ (2) 6’ – 3” “a”, “c”
1 8’ Un-cut “e” 3. Assemble parts “AA” to “EE” as shown in
Diagram 3 using 3-inch screws. Make sure
1 10’ (2) 4’ - 8” “d”, “b” that all boards fit together at 90° angles.
4. Lay board “FF” on top of the assembled
door. Align the edges of the board to the
3. Assemble parts “a” to “d” as shown in corners of the door, mark the angles from
Diagram 2 using 3-inch screws. Make sure below and cut them to fit.
the boards fit together at 90° angles. 5. Attach board “FF” with 3-inch screws.
4. Lay board “e” against the assembled door. 6. To open properly, the vent door must be
Align the edges of the board to the corners beveled on one end. Cut an angle on one end
of the door, mark the angles from below and of parts “HH” and “JJ” such that the front
cut them to fit. (outside relative to the door) of the board is
5. Attach board “e” with 3 inch screws. 1 foot-6 inches and the back (inside relative
5. to the door) of the board is 1 foot-5½ inches 1 5/8-inch wood screws. Repeat this process
(see side view of door vent: Diagram 3). for the opposite end wall making sure the
7. Assemble parts “GG” to “JJ” to make the corners are square and the walls are plumb.
vent door. Make sure that the shorter side of 4. Once the end walls are properly positioned
boards “HH” and “JJ” are facing the same and standing plumb, drive the rebar corner
way. When attaching board “GG”, it should anchors 18-inches into the ground (leave 6
be on a slant matching the angle of the upper inches protruding above the soil line to
cut surfaces of boards “HH” and “JJ.” anchor the PVC arches).
8. Insert the vent door into the vent opening on 5. Tightly stretch baling twine along one side
the door making sure that shorter angled of the tunnel, and tie to rebar corner anchors
edges of the boards are facing inward and posts to provide a guide for the 13 rebar side
upward. Attach the vent door to the main anchors. Starting at one corner lay out the
door with two hinges on the outside bottom rebar side anchors every 3 feet. Drive these
of the vent door. rebar pieces 18 inches into the ground using
9. After building the top venting door, the the twine to keep the rebar side anchors in
wood can be protected with a coat of line with the corners. Remove the twine and
exterior grade latex paint. repeat on the opposite side of the tunnel.
10. Cover the door with a sheet of plastic, 6. Cut 28 4-foot lengths and 13 22-foot lengths
attaching the plastic around the door frame of baling twine. Tie a 2-foot length of twine
using lath strips and screws. A single uncut at ground level to the 13 rebar side anchors
sheet of plastic can be used to cover both the along one side of the tunnel. Tie a loop in
vent door and the lower portion of the main the free end of each of the 4-foot pieces of
door. twine. Tie the 22-foot lengths of twine at
ground level to the rebar side anchors on the
Tunnel Assembly opposite side of the tunnel. Position the
twine pieces on the outside of the tunnel.
Having built the end walls, doors and determined The twine is used to hold down the plastic.
the location of your tunnel house, it is best to 7. From two 20-foot lengths of PVC pipe, cut
prepare the site prior to construction. Ground 15 28-inch long pieces. Assemble the 15 22-
preparation can include deep plowing and tilling or foot arches by gluing the 28-inch PVC
rototilling. Prepare an area larger than the size of pieces into the bell ends of 20-foot lengths
the tunnel. of PVC using PVC cement.
8. After the glue dries, place each of the 15
1. Mark tunnel corners with rebar corner PVC arches into position by sliding the pipe
anchors. Measure diagonal distances to ends over the protruding ends of the rebar
ensure that the layout is square. For side anchors on opposite sides of the tunnel.
example, for a 42-foot × 14-inch tunnel, the The two end arches should slip over the
diagonal distances should be approximately rebar and fit into the 1-¼ inch drilled holes
44 feet - 3½ inches. in the end wall base plates. The end arches
2. Stand one pre-constructed end wall in place should contact the end walls at each corner
and insert rebar corner anchors through the of the door opening and at the hip locations
drilled holes in the end wall base plate. One (Diagram 1). Fasten the end arches to the
rebar corner anchors may need to be moved end walls at the hip and door corners using
slightly so that the rebar is centered in the plumber’s strapping and 1 5/8-inch wood
appropriate base plate hole. screws. To increase the life of the plastic
3. Make sure the end wall is plumb, then drive cover, coat the outside of the PVC
a T-post into the ground at each edge of the framework with latex paint, wherever the
door opening on the inward side of the end plastic will contact the framework.
wall. T-posts should be driven into the soil 9. Construct a “ridge purlin” by connecting the
so the top of the post is at a height of about 4 remaining PVC pipe end-to-end and cutting
feet. Attach the end wall in two places to the last piece so that the purlin is the length
each T-posts using plumber’s strapping and of the tunnel. If the tunnel is to be portable,
6. the purlin pieces should be dry fitted (do not 14. After attaching the plastic to the end frames,
glue the pipes together). Attach the ridge tie it down to the rebar side anchors using
purlin to the lower side of each arch at the the twine. Stretch the 22-foot lengths of
peak on 3-foot centers. This can be baling twine (step 6) over the top of the
accomplished either using 1 5/8-inch screws plastic and tie them to the 4-foot lengths of
through pre-drilled holes, or by lashing the twine on the opposite side. Slip the end of
joint with the remaining 2-foot lengths of the 22 foot- length through the loop eye,
baling twine. cinch the twine tight, and tie them together
10. On a calm day, cover the tunnel with the 24 with a slip knot. The slip knots will need to
foot wide sheet of plastic. This works best if be retightened periodically to maintain
you have some help. A slight breeze can adequate tension on the plastic.
make this process more challenging, and a 15. Cover the doors with plastic. Wind the
stiff wind will make it impossible. Unroll plastic around a strip of lath and screw it to
and unfold the plastic and pull it over the the door frame. Repeat on the opposite side
PVC framework. Square the plastic over the of the door frame to create tension on the
tunnels frame so that there are equal plastic. Attach the plastic on the top and
amounts of plastic on each end of the tunnel bottom of the door frame. When attaching
and approximately 1-foot of plastic contacts the plastic to the Top Venting Doors, attach
the ground along both sides of the tunnel. the plastic to the side frames on the lower
The extra plastic on the ends is used to cover half of the door first, then attach the plastic
the end wall to the door opening. It is on the bottom of the door before securing
helpful to use several of the twine pieces to the plastic to the venting portion of the
tie down the plastic before you attach it to doors. If you attach the lath to the venting
the end wall. section of the door, it allows you to use only
11. Excess plastic that covers the door openings one piece of plastic which helps seal the
will need to be removed once the plastic is hinging joint on the bottom side of the vent
centered on the tunnel. Leave about 6 inches 16. Finish the tunnel by hanging the doors in the
of extra plastic at the door frame and door openings using gate hinges.
baseboard. This plastic is wrapped around Alternatively, the door opening can be
the lath strips. covered by a curtain-type door, consisting of
12. Starting at one end, attach the plastic to the a sheet of plastic, with a length of 2x4
doorway opening using the 4-foot lengths of attached to the base. This curtain type door
lath. Wrap approximately 6 inches of plastic can be rolled up and secured at the top of the
several times around lath strip and fasten the door frame for ventilation.
lath and plastic to the door header using 1
5/8-inch screws. Next wrap and fasten the Structural Stability
plastic to the door posts and finally attach
the plastic to the base plate. Keep the plastic This tunnel structure is designed as a low-cost
tight when securing the lath strips to the end alternative to more expensive engineered steel
wall. structures, thus it is not as sturdy. Care should be
13. Repeat step 12 on the opposite end of the taken to close the side vents and doors when heavy
tunnel house. Start by trimming off the winds are expected. We’ve also found that several
excess plastic covering the door opening. support posts tied to the ridge purlin will provide
After wrapping the plastic around the lath, temporary support for snow loads. We recommend
pull the plastic as tightly as possible across brushing off the snow if more than 5 inches falls.
the length of the tunnel house. Attach the With these precautions, our tunnels have withstood
lath to the door header using the 1 5/8-inch 45 mph winds and three Cache Valley winters.
screws. Next wrap, stretch and attach the
plastic to the door post being sure to pull the
plastic tight. Finally, stretch and attach the
plastic to the base-plate.
7. Diagram 1. End wall dimensions and part names.
Diagram 2. Simple door.
8. Diagram 3. Top venting door.
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