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Genetické databáze MUDr. Marek Turnovec Ústav biologie a lékařské genetiky UK 2. LF a FN Motol Středa 2. března 2011 IPVZ, Praha
Definice pojmu „databáze“ ,[object Object]
systém pro správu dat ,[object Object]
získávání
vyhledávání
(odstraňování)
…
„Analogové“ databáze obrázky: sxc.hu ,[object Object]
Katalogy
Kartotéka („lístkovnice“) - 18. století, Carl Linné
Děrné štítky, děrné pásky
Elektronické/digitální databáze ,[object Object]
1965 – síťové databáze pro sálové počítače
1970 – E. F. Codd – relační databáze
1975 – SQL
90. léta – objektové databáze Univac 1108, rok 1964 (Zdroj Wikipedia) SŘBD?
Databázové modely ,[object Object]
hierarchický
síťový
relační
objektový SŘBD = systém řízení báze dat DBMS = database management system
Flat file vzorek jméno mutace1 mutace2 1 Jan N. F508del nenalezena 2 Petr V. F508del F508del 3 Eva M. nenalezena nenalezena 4 Josef P. CFTR del2,3 nenalezena Relační model vzorek jméno mutace1 mutace2 1 Jan N. 2 1 2 Petr V. 2 2 3 Eva M. 1 1 4 Josef P. 3 1 mutace_id mutace_nazev 1 nenalezena 2 F508del 3 CFTR del2,3
Příklady relačních databázových systémů ,[object Object]
Informix
Oracle
Sybase SQL Server
MySQL / MariaDB
PostgreSQL
Microsoft SQL Server
JET Engine (Microsoft Office Access)
SQL -  S tructured  Q uery  L anguage SELECT * FROM  vysledky  WHERE  vzorek =1; SELECT * FROM  vysledky  WHERE   mutace1 ="nenalezena" AND  mutace2 ="nenalezena"; SELECT vzorek FROM  vysledky  WHERE   mutace1 ="F508del" OR  mutace2 ="F508del"; INSERT INTO  vysledky  ( vzorek ,  jmeno ,  mutace1 ,  mutace2 )   VALUES ("5", "Tereza M.", "nenalezena", "nenalezena") vzorek jméno mutace1 mutace2 1 Jan N. F508del nenalezena 2 Petr V. F508del F508del 3 Eva M. nenalezena nenalezena 4 Josef P. CFTR del2,3 nenalezena tabulka " vysledky "
Nejrozšířenější databáze na světě... MS Excel ,[object Object]
Architektura klient-server ,[object Object]
menší nároky na klientské počítače ,[object Object]
Online a webové databáze ,[object Object]
možnost přístupu odkudkoliv
obvykle stačí obyčejný prohlížeč
API pro přístup z jiných systémů
Genomové databáze ,[object Object]
databáze z celého světa jsou zasílány do jedné ze 3 databází: ,[object Object]
GeneBank
DDBJ ,[object Object]
obsah databází se každý den synchronizuje
International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration ,[object Object]
European Molecular Biology Laboratory
European Bioinformatics Institute ,[object Object],[object Object]
National Institute of Health ,[object Object],[object Object]
International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration
„Genome browsers“ ,[object Object]
„stand-alone“ aplikace
„web-based“ ,[object Object]
NCBI Map Viewer www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mapview
UCSC Genome Browser genome.ucsc.edu
Argo www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/argo/
 
 
 

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Genetické databáze