The document discusses psychologist Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which proposes that intelligence is comprised of at least eight distinct abilities rather than a single general intelligence, and that each individual possesses unique combinations and levels of these intelligences; it provides examples of the eight intelligences - musical, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist - and potential career paths associated with each. The theory has been criticized for lacking objective measurement tools and not clearly distinguishing the proposed intelligences from general cognitive abilities or learning styles.

1. Dr Howard Gardner, a psychologist and
Gardner's Multiple professor at Harvard University, introduced
his theory of multiple intelligences in 1983.
Intelligences His theory proposed that intelligence can be
better understood through a new approach,
multiple intelligences (MI). This differs from
Presentation By: the traditional approach of understanding
Casey King intelligence in that he proposes the question,
“How are you smart?” versus the usual way
of thinking, “How smart are you?” Dr
Gardner's approach theorized eight (or
possibly more) specific kinds of intelligence.
Each of the kinds are considered to be
individual, although they all work together to
form any type of activity. Sometimes a
person will use just a couple or a few, while
other times, he may use several of them. Dr
Gardner suggests that people all use the
same eight components, but the amount at
which a person uses each varies for each
individual, as unique as a person's
thumbprint.

2. Musical Intelligence
> Skills in tasks involving music
> The capacity to hear, recognize, and sometimes
manipulate patterns
> Expression & talent through music
Exemplified Careers:
musicians, singers, composers, acoustic engineers,
voice coaches

3. Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence
> Skills in using one's whole body or parts of
their body to solve problems, portray stories,
entertain, construct products, or displays
> The ability to use movement through the body
effectively
> Expression through movement
Exemplified Careers
dancers, actors, athletes, soldiers, emergency
responders, surgeons, farmers, chefs

4. Logical/Mathematical Intelligence
> Skills in scientific and mathematical problem solving
> Ability to understand and analyze the complexity of
problems and theories of math and science
Exemplified Careers
scientists, engineers, analysts, technical supporters,
researchers, statisticians, traders, bankers, negotiators,
directors
Linguistic Intelligence
> Skills involved in production and use of
languages
> Ability to effectively use and understand others
by way of words, vital in communication
Exemplified Careers
authors, poets, editors, PR consultants, TV and
radio personalities, voice-over artists, journalists,
public speakers, English teachers

5. Spatial/Visual Intelligence
> Skills involving spatial configurations
> Capacity to navigate a large area or
completeness of subjects
Exemplified Careers
artists, designers, architects, photographers,
sculptors, sailors, vessel captains, visionaries,
inventors, engineers
This video is amazing. It
actually shows validity
toward Gardner's theory of
individual intelligence
parts. In this case, this
autistic man has an
amazing gift for spatial
intelligence, even though
other parts of the eight
may not be as prevalent.

6. Intrapersonal Intelligence
> Skills in being knowledgeable of oneself
> Ability to know one's feelings, emotions,
strengths and weaknesses alike, interests,
character, morals, ethics
Exemplified Careers
self employment, law branches and politicians,
religious workers and leaders, self-esteem
trainers, home employment opportunities, yoga
instructors, historians
Interpersonal Intelligence
> Skills in people interaction
> Ability to sustain sensitivity to others and
their emotions, concerns, gestures,
dispositions
> Excels at communication
Exemplified Careers
politicians, healthcare providers, human
resources, counselors, police officers,
educators, customer service, receptionists

7. Naturalist Intelligence
> Skills in identifying and classifying our
surrounding world
> Ability to identify, classify, and
distinguish patterns and organisms in
nature
Exemplified Careers
environmental scientists, botanists,
This is a small list compiled of great apps for zoologists, veterinarians, farmers,
smart phones that actually aid in advancing florists, food science, astronomers,
an individual's interest and intelligence- meteorologists
related talent.

8. As mentioned earlier, Dr Gardner also suggests that there may possibly be even
more kinds of intelligence. He did propose a ninth type, although because it is till
relatively new, not too much is known about it yet.
Existential Intelligence
> Skills in questioning and analyzing the people, ideals, and the world that all somehow interconnects
> Ability to observe humanistic thought patterns, interactions, and intuition and can see the 'whole picture' of an event, or situation
> Often questions the reason for being alive, birth, death, and simply general existence
Exemplified Careers
theologians, philosophers, life coaches, life counselors, educators, some religious groups and leaders

9. The following is an insert from an
article posted HERE. This insert
states the controversy behind
Gardner's theory.
Limitations and Criticisms of Multiple
Intelligences Theory
While the idea of multiple intelligences seems
intuitively attractive, a key criticism is that no valid This is a video about a special school that allows
measurement tool is available. This has made MI children to explore the kind of intelligence that they
difficult to prove. It is therefore accused of being show the most interest and talent. It is very
ambiguous and subjective, instead of objective. To interesting and the kids already 'seem' to be
further complicate the issue, proposed noticeably advanced for their age and stage of
assessments are complex and expensive to education.
design.
Some people believe that the eight intelligences
are not necessarily distinct, but that they're simply
subsets of a general intelligence (often known as
"g") – although the existence of general
intelligence is, itself, the subject of controversy.
Some also argue that Gardner's intelligences are
better understood as cognitive styles, or ways of
thinking, rather than distinct types of intelligence.

10. Sources
Information:
Psychsmart Textbook, McGraw-Hill
About.com
Wikipedia
PBS
Pictures:
Google search "Multiple Intelligences"