This document provides a dictionary of sport terms in multiple languages including English, Bulgarian, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, and Slovakian. It includes over 90 terms related to popular sports like soccer, volleyball, athletics, winter sports, water sports, tennis, and more adventure sports. The terms are defined in each language to help translate between the languages for people involved in or watching international sporting events.

1. Dictionary sport terms 2014-1-BG01-KA201-001459
Games Always Make Everyone Supportive
English Bulgarian
Italian Lithuanian Polish Slovakian
SOCCER ФУТБОЛ CALCIO FUTBOLAS
1 Anchor man опорен халф Conduttore televisivo centrogynėjas defensywny
pomocnik
záložník v obrane
2 Byline
тъч линия Articolo firmato galinėlinija,
aikštelėsriba
linia końcowa koncováčiara
3 Corner ъглов удар angolo kampinis róg (rzut rożny) roh
4 Crossbar напречна греда traversa skersinis poprzeczka priečnebrvno
5 Dragback
финт Fare la veronica grąžinimas zwód potiahnutiezadres
(faul)
6 Free kick свободен удар calcio di punizione laisvassmūgis( bauda) rzut wolny voľný kop
7 Goal area
вратарска зона Area del goal Įvarčioplotas,
vartininkoaikštelė
pole bramkowe
(piątka)
bránkové pole
8 Goalkeeper вратар portiere vartininkas bramkarz brankár
9 Kickoff
изпълнявам
начален удар от
центъра на
игрището
Calcio d’inizio žaidimopradžia
(smūgiuišcentro)
rozpoczęcie meczu výkop

2. 10 Midfielder
полузащитник Centrocampista pagalbinisviduriožaid
ėjas
pomocnik záložník
11 Offside засада Fuorigioco nuošalė spalony ofsajd
12 Pitch игрище Campo futboloaikštė boisko (murawa) ihrisko
13
Penalty area
наказателно поле Area di rigore baudiniųplotas
(baudosaikštelė)
pole karne pokutovéúzemie
14
Penalty spot
точка за
изпълнение на
дузпа
Dischetto del rigore baudiniųvieta
(11metrųžymė)
jedenastka pokutový kop
( jedenástka)
15 Shin pads кори за футбол Parastinchi blauzdųapsaugos nagolenniki chrániče
16 Striker нападател Attaccante pagrindinispuolėjas napastnik útočník
17 Studs бутонки Tacchetti futbolobateliai korki kopačky
18 Substitute смяна Sostituzione atsarginisžaidėjas rezerwowy náhradník
19
Tackle
опит да се отнеме
топката
Placcaggio kamuolioatėmimas
(atkovoti/perimtikam
uolį)
wślizg osobnáobrana
20 Winger крило ala kraštopuolėjas skrzydłowy krídlo
VOLLEYBALL ВОЛЕЙБОЛ PALLAVOLO TINKLINIS
21 Covering the
smash
блокада Copertura del muro apsaugotinuo smūgio
( uždengti smūgį)
asekuracja bloky
22
Dig
извадена топка Copertura del muro gynyba obrona rzutem na
parkiet
bager
23 Double foul спорна топка Doppio fallo dvigubapražanga bez punktu dvojchyba
24 Double touch двоен удар Doppio tocco dvigubasatmušimas podwójne odbicie dvojitéodbitie
25 Dump силен забив Salvataggio išmesti kiwka ulievka
26 Floating service флот сервиз Servizio flottante judėjimas link
platformos
flot plachtiacepodanie
27 Foot fault пристъпване Fallo di piede peržengtigalinęliniją błąd stóp prešľappripodaní
28 Kill
къса топка
Schiacciare/Colpire la
palla
priešosunaikinimas atak nie do obrony
(gwóźdź)
útočnýúder
29
Point cap
спечелване на мач с
разлика от две
точки
Respinta della palla apdengtastaškas
(pranašumas)
gra na przewagi rozstrel
30 Rally дълго разиграване Palleggio pasikeitimassmūgiais wymiana výmena
31
Recovery dive
плонж Tuffo di recupero
palla
atsigauti, staigapulti obrona padem
(nurkiem)
obranapádom

3. 32
Scorekeeper
технически секретар Segnapunti išlaikytirezultatą,
taškųskaičiuotojas
sędzia techniczny rozhodca
33 Setter разпределител Alzatore apšilimas rozgrywający rozohrávač
34 Spike забив Schiacciata atmesti ścin smeč
35 Spiker нападател Schiacciatore puolėjas atakujący útočník/smečiar
ATHLETICS ЛЕКА АТЛЕТИКА ATLETICA ATLETIKA
36 Baton щафета Testimone per la
staffetta
lazda pałeczka štafetovýkolík
37 Decathlon десетобой Decathlon dešimtkovė dziesięciobój desaťboj
38 Discus throw хвърляне на диск Lancio del disco diskometimas rzut dyskiem hoddiskom
39 Hammer throw хвърляне на чук Lancio del martello kūjometimas rzut młotem hodkladivom
40 Heptathlon седмобой eptathlon septynkovė siedmiobój sedemboj
41 High jump висок скок salto in alto šuolis į aukštį skok wzwyż skok do výšky
42
Hurdles
бягане с
препятствия
ostacolо kliūtys (barjerai) płotki prekážky
43
Hurdles events
състезателни
препятствия
Corsa ad ostacoli barjerinisbėgimas biegi przez płotki behcezprekážky
44
Javelin
хвърляне на копие Giavellotto ietis oszczep (rzut
oszczepem)
oštep/hodoštepom
45 Long jump дълъг скок salto in lungo šuolis į tolį skok w dal skok do diaľky
46 Pole Vault овчарски скок salto con l'asta šuolissukartimi skok o tyczce skok o žrdi
47 Relay events щафетни състезания gare di staffetta estafetė biegi sztafetowe štafeta
48 Shot put тласкане на гюле lancio del peso rituliostūmimas pchnięcie kulą vrhguľou
49
Steeplechase
бягане с
препятствия на
3 000 м.
Corsa a ostacoli 3
kilometrųbėgimassukl
iūtimis
bieg na 3 kilometry z
przeszkodami
behcezprekážkyna 3
kilometre
50 Triple jump троен скок Salto triplo trišuolis trójskok trojskok
TENNIS ТЕНИС TENNIS TENISAS
51
Ace
точка спечелена с
един удар при
сервиз
Servizio neatmušamaspadavim
as
A as serwisowy eso
52 Deuce равен резултат Parità lygiai równowaga zhoda
53
Double fault
двойна грешка doppio fallo dvigubaklaida podwójny błąd
serwisowy
dvojchyba
54 Doubles игра по двойки Doppio 2*2 (žaidimasporose) gra w debla štvorhra
55 Rally смяна на полетата Palleggio pasikeitimassmūgiais wymiana výmena

4. 56 Receiver посрещач ricevitore priiminėtojas przyjmujący prijímač
57
Seed
топ ранк листа Giocatore qualificato atrinktaspagalpajėgu
mątenisininkas
numer rozstawiony nasadenéčíslo
58 Slice несполучлив удар Colpo di taglio suktinissmūgis podcięcie piłki podanie
59 Straight sets победа без загуба
(първите 3 от 5
гейма)
Colpo di Diritto laimėjimas
(povienopralaimėjimo
wygrana w setach do
zera
čistáhra
60 Umpire съдия, рефер giudice arbitro teisėjas arbiter rozhodca
WINTER
SPORTS
ЗИМНИ
СПОРТОВЕ
SPORT
INVERNALI
Žiemossportošakos
61
Biathlon
биатлон Biathlon biatlonas biathlon biatlon
62
Bobsled
бобслей bob ledrogiųsportas bobsleje bobovádráha
63
Figure skating
фигурно пързаляне pattinaggio artistico dailusisčiuožimas jazda figurowa na
lodzie
krasokorčuľovanie
64
Ice hockey
хокей на лед Hockey sul ghiaccio ledoritulys hokej na lodzie ľadovýhokej
65
Luge
едноместна шейна Slittino rogutės saneczkarstwo sánkovanie
66
Skates
кънки pattini pačiūžos łyżwy korčule
67
Skiing
ски Sciare slidinėjimas narciarstwo lyžovanie
68
Ski jumping
ски скок Salto dal trampolino šuoliaisuslidėmis skoki narciarskie skokynalyžiach
69
Snowboarding
сноуборд snowboard čiuožimassnieglente jazda na desce snowboardovanie
70
Speed Skating
бягане с кънки Pattinaggio di velocità greitasisčiuožimas łyżwiarstwo szybkie
(panczeny)
rýchlokorčuľovanie
WATER
SPORTS
ВОДНИ
СПОРТОВЕ
SPORT
ACQUATICI
71 Canoeing гребане Andare in canoa plaukimassubaidarėm
is
kajakarstwo kanoistika
72 Canoe кану Canoa baidarė/kanoja kajak kanoe

5. 73
Back-paddle
плуване по гръб
само с крака
Pagaia plaukimasnugara pływanie na plecach pádlovanie
74
Diving
гмуркане Tuffi nardymas skoki do wody skoky do vody
75
Boat racing
състезание с лодки Regate valčiųlenktynės,
irklavimovaržybos
wyściki łodziami veslárskepreteky
76
Rowing
гребане Canottaggio irklavimas wioślarstwo veslovanie
77
Scuba diving
гмуркане Fare immersioni nardymassuakvalangu nurkowanie z rurką potápanie so
skafandrom
78
Skin diving
подводно плуване Skin diving/Attività
subacquea
nardymassuakvalangu
(be narokostiumo)
nurkowanie
swobodne
potápaniebezskafandr
a
79 Surfing сърфинг surf banglenčiųsportas serfowanie surfovanie
Swimming competitions are held in four major categories:
80 Freestyle свободен стил Stile libero laisvasstilius (kraulis) styl dowolny (kraul) voľnýštýl
81 Breaststroke бруст Rana klasikinisstilius
(varlytė)
styl klasyczny
(żabka)
štýlprsia
82 Butterfly бътерфлай Farfalla plaukimas (petetiškė) styl motylkowy
(delfin)
štýlmotýlik
83 Backstroke плуване по гръб Dorso plaukimasnugara styl grzbietowy štýlznak
Over a variety of distances. They include both individual and team events.
84 Synchronized
swimming
синхронно плуване Nuoto
sincronizzato/Sincro
sinchroninisplaukima
s
pływanie
synchroniczne
synchronizovanépláv
anie
85 Water polo водна топка Pallanuoto vandensvydis piłka wodna vodnépólo
86
Water skiing
водни ски Sci d’acqua vandenslidžiųsportas jazda na nartach
wodnych
vodnélyžovanie
87
Windsurfing
уиндсърфинг Windsurf burlenčiųsportas jazda na desce
serfingowej
surfovanie
88 Yachting
(Sailing)
яхта (плаване с
яхта)
Vela plaukiojimasjachta/bu
riavimas
Żeglarstwo plachtenie
ACTIVITY AND ADVENTURE SPORTS
89
Ballooning
летене с балон Andare in
mongolfiera
balionų sportas latanie balonem let balónom

6. 90 Cycle racing
(cycling)
състезание с
колелета
Competizioni
ciclistiche (Ciclismo)
dviračiųsportas kolarstwo cyklistika
91 Gliding планиране Parapendio sklandymas szybownictwo plachtenievovzduchu
92
Hang gliding
делтапланеризъм Volare con il
deltaplano
akrobatinėskraidyklė akrobacje lotnicze plachtenienapadákoch
93
Horse racing
конни надбягвания Ippica žirgųlenktynės jazda konna (wyścigi
konne)
jazdanakoni
(konskédostihy)
94
Mountain bike
racing
състезания с
планински
велосипеди
Gare di Mountain
Bike
kalnųdviračiųlenktyn
ės
kolarstwo górske
(przełajowe)
jazdanahorskombicyk
li
95 Mountaineering алпинизъм Scalata alpinizmas wspinaczka górska horolezectvo
96
Parachuting
парашутизъм Lancio con
paracadute
parašiutųsportas spadochroniarstwo parašutizmus
97 Paragliding параглайдинг Volo con parapendio sklandymasparašiutu paralotniarstwo paragliding
98
Roller skating
пързаляне с ролкови
кънки
Pattinaggio a rotelle čiuožimasredučiais jazda na rolkach jazdanakolieskovýchk
orčuliach
99
Skateboarding
каране на скейтборд Andare in skateboard važinėjimassuriedlent
e
jazda na deskorolce jazdanadoske
100
Weightlifting
вдигане на тежести Sollevamento Pesi sunkumųkilnojimas/s
unkiojiatletika
podnoszenie ciężarów vzpieranie
DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS
1. SOCCER Anchor man A player who operates just in front of the defense, playing as a defensive midfielder.
2. Byline The line at each end of the pitch (the shortest sides), including goal line.
3. Corner When the defending team puts the ball over the byline, the attacking team is awarded a corner
kick which is taken from the quarter circle by the corner flag. It is taken from the same side of
the goal on which the ball went out of play.
4. Crossbar A horizontal bar connecting the top of the two goalposts; it should be 8ft from the ground
5. Dragback A skillful move in which the ball is rolled back with the sole of the foot to fool the opposing
player.
6. Free kick A kick awarded to a team resulting from an offense committed by the opposition; to be taken
from where the offense occurred.
7. Goal area A rectangular area of 6 x 20yd surrounding each goal, within the penalty area; often called the
6yd box.
8. Goalkeeper Goalkeeper - Each team has a designated goalkeeper, whose role is to stop the opposing team

7. from scoring a goal. The goalkeeper is the only player who is allowed to handle the ball, but
this is permissible only inside his own penalty area.
9. Kickoff The start of the game, the start of the second half, or the restart after a goal has been scored.
The ball must be passed to another player before the player who kicked off can touch it again.
10 Midfielder A player who generally operates in the middle of the pitch providing a link between defense
and attack and often helping out with both duties.
11 Offside A foul committed by an attacking player who is caught nearer to the opposing goal than two or
fewer opponents when the ball is played, and who was deemed to be interfering with play in
the process. The defending side is awarded a free kick, to be taken from where the offense took
place.
12 Pitch The pitch is rectangular and must be 50-100yd wide and 100-130yd long. There is a goal and
marked-out goal area in the middle of each end of the pitch.
13 Penalty area A rectangular area 18 x 44yd surrounding each goal. The goalkeeper is permitted to handle the
ball only in this area.
14 Penalty spot The mark from which a penalty kick is taken, 12yd from the goal-line directly in front of the
goal.
15 Shin pads Protective pads which players are obliged to wear inside their socks to minimize injuries to
their shins.
16 Striker A forward player who is expected to score, and assist in scoring goals.
17 Studs Attached to the bottom of a player's shoe, they must be of solid rubber, plastic, aluminium or
similar material. They provide extra grip when the field is slippery.
18 Substitute A player who does not start the game but may be used as a replacement for a teammate at any
stage during a game. A substitute can come on the field of play only with the referee's
permission, and when the ball has gone out of play. The number of substitutes a team is
allowed varies from two to five players.
19 Tackle When a player wins the ball from an opponent by intercepting it without committing a foul.
The tackle from behind has recently been outlawed on safety grounds, as has the sliding two-
footed tackle.
20 Winger player who stays out on either side of the pitch with the intention of dragging opposing
defenders wide and spreading out the defense to create holes for the central strikers to move
into.
21 Volleyball Covering the smash Covering the smash - Occurs when a player is smashing the ball. Their fellow teammates close
in around the player in case the opposing block sends the ball back into their court, giving them
a better chance of playing the ball before it reaches ground level.
22 Dig When the ball is played on a player's outstretched forearms. This move is used when the ball is
either traveling very low or moving very fast.

8. 23 Double foul When players from both teams commit a foul at the same time. The point will be replayed.
24 Double touch When the ball touches two parts of a player's body in succession, or when a player touches the
ball twice in a row.
25 Dump The action of a player tipping the ball with their fingertips just over or to the side of the block.
26 Floating service When the ball moves through the air without any spin, giving it the appearance of floating in
the air. The serve can dip or swerve suddenly when the speed of the ball drops.
27 Foot fault Occurs when a player while serving places a foot over or on the back line or when any player
puts a foot over the center line into their opponents side of the court.
28 Kill A spike that cannot be returned, giving the attacking team a point or a sideout.
29 Point cap Used when a game ends without a clear winner. A team wins by being ahead by two points or
reaching 17 points first.
30 Rally The complete number of hits between the teams. The team that wins the rally wins the serve.
31 Recovery dive Enables a player to put the ball in front or to the side of the opposing players. The point is
saved by diving toward the ball and playing it on the back of the hand before landing.
32 Scorekeeper Sits facing the first referee. Logs points and time-outs, and ensures that substitutions are legal
33 Setter Normally a specialist player whose purpose is to set up the ball for a spike.
34 Spike A hard-driven ball that is hit when trying to score or gain a side out.
35 Spiker The title given to the player who finishes the attack by hitting the ball across the net fast and
hard.
36 ATHLETICS Baton A smooth, hollow, cylindrical, tube normally made of metal used for all relay races. It
measures a maximum of long and must weigh no less than 1.8oz. Each team's baton should be
a different color to assist the judges.
37 Decathlon A competition of 10 events for men that includes the 110m hurdles
38 Discus throw The correct way to hold the discus is to grip it with one hand while twisting the body and then
releasing while still in the circle. The competitor must begin their throw from a stationary
position. Any throwing technique is allowed as long as it conforms to the official rules of the
event.
39 Hammer throw The throw begins with the competitor inside the circle in a stationary position. The hammer is
allowed to rest on the ground either on the inside or outside of the circle. The competitor makes
a swinging action with the hammer before releasing it. The competitor must stay inside the
circle until the hammer has landed.
40 Heptathlon A competition of seven events for female athletes that includes the 100m hurdles.
41 High jump In this event, competitors attempt to jump over a crossbar that is supported between two
vertical poles set 13ft apart, known as uprights. When a competitor successfully clears a height
without knocking the crossbar from its supports, the height is increased for the next jump.
42 Hurdles The hurdle consists of two uprights, which support a rectangular frame with a level top rail.

9. The minimum weight of the hurdle should be 22lb. The hurdle should be of either wood or
metal, with the top bar colored for maximum visibility. The maximum width of the hurdle
should be 4ft.
43 Hurdles events The hurdles events in athletics consist of the men's and women's 400m, the men's 110m and the
women's 100m. The decathlon and heptathlon competitions also involve hurdles events. I
neach hurdles event, the athletes must run over 10 hurdles.
44 Javelin The javelin is a spear-like instrument that individual competitors throw as far as possible
within a marked area. The athlete who throws the javelin the farthest is the winner.
45 Long jump In the long jump athletes attempt to jump as far as possible into a sandpit from a takeoff board
following a sprint run-up.
46 Pole Vault An event in which competitors have to vault over a high crossbar using a flexible pole as a
lever. The heights are much greater than for the high jump, but the principles are the same.
After successfully clearing a height without knocking the crossbar from its supports, the height
is increased for the next jump.
47 Relay events In athletics, relay races are run for both men and women over 100m (4 x 100m) and 400m (4 x
400m). Each relay team consists of four competitors. A baton is passed from one team member
to another in succession, and the team that completes the race first is the winner. In the 4 x
100m, the race is run strictly in lanes; in the 4 x 400m, however, only the first leg is run in
lanes, and on the second and subsequent legs the runners are allowed to break to the inside lane
once the first bend has been run. The team in the lead at each changeover point is allowed to
take the inside lane.
48 Shot put The shot is a spherical metal ball that a competitor must "put" (throw) from their shoulder as
far as possible into a marked sector. Each competitor must put the shot from within the circle,
and it must land within a marked sector. Each competitor normally has six puts, and the athlete
who puts the shot the farthest wins the event. In the event of a tie, the competitor who has
thrown the second-best throw is declared the winner.
49 Steeplechase The steeplechase is considered a long distance event, and the standard Olympic distance is the
3000m. It is run over seven and a half laps of the track, with four hurdles and one water jump
on each lap. The event originated from cross-country events, with the water jump representing
a ditch.
50 Triple jump The triple jump is made up of a hop, a skip and a jump before the competitor lands in a sand
area. The winner is the competitor who jumps the furthest after completing this sequence
successfully. Each competitor has six attempts. If there is a tie, the winner is decided by
comparing the relevant competitors' second-best jumps.
51 TENNIS Triple jump The triple jump is made up of a hop, a skip and a jump before the competitor lands in a sand
area. The winner is the competitor who jumps the furthest after completing this sequence
successfully. Each competitor has six attempts. If there is a tie, the winner is decided by

10. comparing the relevant competitors' second-best jumps.
52 Deuce Deuce is reached when both players have 40 points (i.e. 40-all). To win the game from this
point a player must win two consecutive points or the score will keep returning to deuce.
53 Double fault A player who serves a fault on his second serve is said to have made a double fault and loses
the point.
54 Doubles Played under the same rules as singles, but with two players on each side on a wider court and
with a different order of serving and returning. Partners take turns serving (once every four
games therefore) and can change their order only at the start of a new set. Similarly, partners
decide whether to receive serve from the left or right-hand service court for the duration of a
set. Players can hit in any order during a rally.
55 Rally The term describing the series of shots once a point has begun. A rally continues until the point
contested has been won or lost.
56 Receiver The player who is receiving the shot from the server.
57 Seed There are normally 16 seeds in a competition. A seed is a player who is considered to be
among the most likely to win that tournament. The draw for a tournament is arranged in such a
way that the seeds cannot play each other until the later rounds. In theory, the first and second
seeds should play each other in the final.
58 Slice A stroke that applies spin to either cause the ball to swerve in the air and/or stay low after
bouncing.
59 Straight sets A player is said to have won a match in straight sets if he wins without conceding a set.
60 Umpire The official who sits in a raised chair in line with the net and who is in overall charge of the
match.
61 WINTER
SPORTS
Biathlon Biathlon is a winter sport that incorporates both cross-country skiing and rifle shooting.
Competitors use small-bore rifles. The biathlon includes both individual and team events.
62 Bobsled Teams of between two and four men or two women compete on a specially built course
consisting of a twisting downhill run in a narrow channel of ice. They aim to complete the
course as rapidly as possible by taking the best line on the banked bends and maximizing their
speed on the straightaways. Bobsleds are made of steel and composite material. The driver is
able to steer his bob by pulling on ropes which are connected to a front axle. The maximum
weight for a two-man bob is 858lb for a two-woman bob 814lb and for a four-man bob 1386lb.
63 Curling Curling is played with four players, who deliver round stones across the ice to a marked
scoring area called the house.
64 Figure skating Figure skating is split into four different types: singles for men and women, pairs skating and
ice dancing. Competitors are marked on technical merit and artistic impression.
65 Ice hockey Ice hockey is a fast contact sport played between two teams with no more than six players
from each team on the playing surface at one time. The object is to put the puck into the

11. opponent's goal as many times as possible during the three 20-minute periods of play.
66 Luge luge is contested in toboggans down a purpose-built ice track, and is similar to bobsled racing.
Competitors make four runs, and there are individual events for men and women. The winner is
the competitor with the best aggregate time. The main difference between the luge and bobsled
is that the courses are usually more twisting and tortuous.
67 Skiing Skiing is divided into three categories: Alpine, Nordic and freestyle. Alpine includes downhill,
slalom, giant slalom, super-G races and the Alpine combined event. Nordic skiing includes
cross-country ski jumping and the Nordic combined event. Freestyle includes aerials, mogul
skiing and ballet.
68 Ski jumping Ski jumping is a Nordic discipline that requires the competitor to use a combination of
strength, courage and grace. Each ski jumper takes two jumps from a specially built hill. They
are judged on style, technique and the distance reached.
69 Snowboarding Snowboarding is a fun and demanding sport that includes free riding and racing while standing
on a single board that is shorter and wider than a ski. In freestyle events, snowboarders perform
spectacular stunts that involve taking to the air. The racing event is a timed discipline, with
competitors racing around gates or poles.
70 Speed Skating Speed skating is an invigorating sport to watch and participate in. Two competitors race against
each other in a counterclockwise direction around an ice track, the winner being the competitor
who achieves the fastest time around the track. Skaters compete in short-track and long-track
events, racing in either packs of four to six or against one other. Points are awarded in relation
to the skater's time in each event. The overall winner is the skater with the lowest number of
points.
71 WATER
SPORTS
Canoeing Canoeing is divided into two main events, sprint racing and slalom events. Sprint racing is held
for one-man, two-man and four-man kayak and Canadian canoe events. Slalom racing is held
in individual and team events for one-man kayaks for both men and women, and one-man and
two-man Canadian canoe events for men only.
72 Canoe polo Canoe polo is contested by two teams of five players each. Using polo kayaks, the competitors'
objective is to score as many goals as possible against the opposing team.
73 Back-paddle swimming on the back with the legs making a crawl-like kick and the arms remaining by the
side ,with the hands making propeller-type movements.
74 Diving Diving is a specialized sport and requires its competitors to combine agility and strength with
balance and coordination. There are two main categories: the springboard and the high board.
75 Dragon boat racing Dragon boat racing - it is a team event in which competitors use Oriental-style boats, with
dragon heads on the front. Each boat has a drummer to beat out a rhythm and keep the crew in
unison when paddling. The winning team is the first to pass the finish line.
76 Rowing Rowing is a traditional sport that is divided into two basic types of competition: regattas and
head-of-the-river races. The regatta is decided by knockout, with the a final being held to

12. determine the winning crew. Head-of-the-river races are decided by the crew that achieves the
fastest time over the course.
77 Scuba diving Scuba diving involves diving to depths of up to 50m using breathing apparatus. It is an exciting
sport with a strong emphasis on safety.
78 Skin diving Diving without any breathing apparatus, explores shallow waters.
79 Surfing Surfers ride waves on a shaped board designed for optimum speed and stability in water. In
competition, surfers are required to ride several waves, with each performance being scored
separately.
80 Swimming held
competitions are
in four major
categories:
Freestyle Any stroke may be used for this event, although generally competitors use the front crawl
because this is the fastest of the four racing styles.
81 Breaststroke Method of swimming in which the arms pull back simultaneously with a circular motion and
are pushed forward together from under the chest, the legs are drawn up together with the feet
turned out and kick out and back. The arms and legs remain underneath the water at all times.
82 Butterfly M ethod of swimming in which the arms and legs move simultaneously. The arms pull back
and recover above the water to the starting position. The legs kick in a simultaneous vertical
dolphin movement. It is the second-fastest stroke.
83 Backstroke Method of swimming in which the swimmer lies on their back and propels themselves forward
by using a windmill maneuver with the arms, while the feet perform a flutter kick. It is the only
stroke in which competitors start in the water.
84 Over a variety of
distances. They
include both
individual and
team events.
Synchronized
swimming
Competitors are judged on their performance of set swimming movements performed to a
musical accompaniment. They perform compulsory figures and swimming routines. There are
solos, duets and team routines.
85 Water polo Water polo can be described as a form of water handball. It is a team sport played by both
sexes that demands that its participants are not only excellent swimmers with good mobility in
the water but are able to shoot and catch, preferably with either hand.
86 Water skiing Water skiing involves a skier being attached to a boat by a towrope and being pulled along the
water's surface at great speeds. In competition, it is divided into three sections: slalom,
trickriding and jumping - all of which take great skill and precision.
87 Windsurfing Windsurfing has developed only in the last 20 years, but has become technically advanced
during this period. The race takes place between a set number of competitors (depending on the
competition) on water using a board and sail to move across the water. The winner is the first
competitor to cross the finish line.
88 Yachting Yachting competitions are held on specially marked off courses or offshore. There are many
different classes of yacht, most of them using only sail power.

13. 89 ACTIVITY AND
ADVENTURE
SPORTS
Ballooning Ballooning competitions are based on precision navigation of the balloon using the available
winds. The balloon is controlled by regulating the temperature of the air, that makes it either
ascend or descend.
90 Cycle racing Cycle racing is divided into two main events: track and road racing. They include national and
international competitions, both indoor and outdoor. Indoor events include track races and
stationary races held on sets of rollers.
91 Gliding describes
flying
91. Gliding describes flying in an aircraft without the assistance of engines (it is perfectly
possible to glide in aircraft with engines that are not being used). Gliders are towed into the air
by a winch or other aircraft, and gain height by seeking out thermals. In competition, pilots are
judged on altitude, distance or speed.
92 Hang gliding Hang glider pilots remain airborne for long periods of time, executing turns and other
aerobatics. Pilots use thermals or ridge lift to remain in the air, and are judged on distance and
speed. Pilots use their legs to launch and land the aircraft.
93 Horse racing Horse racing has two main categories: flat racing and racing over jumps. Both events have
many variations, with differing entrance qualifications, distances and prizes.
94 Mountain bike Mountain bike racing is a challenging sport that uses high tech machines to race over varying
courses such as cross-country and dual races.
95 Mountaineering Mountaineering is an outdoor sport where competitors use their skill to climb difficult routes
up a mountain.
96 Sport parachuting Sport parachuting is held over a drop zone where competitors must land. Classes of
competition include team jumps, free-fall jumps, accuracy jumps, style jumps and canopy
contact jumps.
97 Paragliding Paragliding is an accessible sport as long as you have the nerve for heights. The paraglider is
placed into a harness, that is a swinging seat with a bar placed across the body and attached to a
canopy.
98 Roller skating Roller skating is very similar to ice skating, except that it is not performed on ice. Skaters
perform individually or in pairs for events such as figure skating and dancing. Although the
sport holds national and international competitions it is not yet recognized by the Olympic
Games.
99 Skateboarding Skateboarding is a fun and exciting sport for both spectators and competitors. It is mainly an
individual sport made up of slalom courses, downhill sprints and trick performing.
100 Weightlifting Competitors aim to lift a weighted bar above the head and hold it under control until signaled
by the referee to replace it on the platform. Weightlifting is split into two separate lifts - the
snatch, the clean and jerk. Competitors get a maximum of three attempts at each lift.

14. 2014-1-BG01-KA201-001459
Games Always Make Everyone Supportive
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This
publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the
Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the
information contained therein.