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Capital structure
The document discusses capital structure, which refers to the composition of a company's long-term financing, including loans, reserves, shares, and bonds. It outlines factors that influence a company's capital structure such as financial leverage, risk, growth, and external conditions. The document also discusses the concept of an optimal capital structure that maximizes firm value and minimizes the cost of capital. It notes different types of leverage including financial, operating, combined, and working capital leverage and how they impact a company's earnings and risk.
Audit+risk+risk+chapt+7+&+8
Audit risk is the risk that an auditor will provide an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements contain material misstatements. Audit risk has three components: inherent risk, control risk, and detection risk. Inherent risk is the possibility of material misstatements in the financial statements due to factors like complex accounting issues or assets susceptible to theft. Control risk is the possibility that misstatements will not be prevented or detected by internal controls. Detection risk is the possibility that audit procedures will fail to detect material misstatements. The auditor determines an acceptable level of overall audit risk.
Credit Cards Banking
Credit cards originated in the United States in the early 20th century when department stores issued metal plates to loyal customers, allowing them to buy on credit. Later, banks introduced general-use credit cards that could be used at multiple merchants. Credit cards offer convenient credit and a way to track expenses, and are accepted worldwide with various credit limits and rewards programs. There are standard credit cards as well as specialized cards like balance transfer cards, rewards cards, secured cards for those with poor credit, and business or student cards designed for specific users.
fianance crisis glossary
The document defines various financial terms that emerged during the credit crisis such as "bear market", "bull market", "Chapter 11", and "credit crunch". It then lists the top six stocks to invest in across various industries including banking, telecom, information technology, real estate, automobiles, and media/entertainment. Key details provided for each recommended stock include its market capitalization, sales, profits, margins, and growth rates.
Introduction to portfolio management
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
Technical analysis intro
The document discusses schools of stock analysis, including fundamental analysis and technical analysis. It provides details on how fundamental analysis uses financial statements and other factors to determine a stock's intrinsic value, while technical analysis focuses on patterns in historical stock prices and volumes to predict future supply and demand. The document also outlines the key components of technical analysis, including trends, prices, volumes, and time frames. It describes different trend types such as uptrends, sideways trends, and downtrends.
Financial Statement Analysis
This document discusses financial statement analysis and its objectives and tools. The objectives are to project earnings capacity, evaluate financial performance, know the solvency position of a firm, decide borrowing capacity, and take decisions regarding future growth. The tools and techniques used are comparative statements, trend analysis, common size statements, fund flow statements, cash flow statements, and ratio analysis.
26 facts about_big_4
The document discusses several controversial facts about the big four accounting firms - KPMG, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte, and Ernst & Young. It notes that while they set global standards for transparency, their ownership is highly secretive. It also lists numerous fines the firms have paid for ethical violations and compromising their independence. Finally, it questions why they are still hired in India despite these issues and their dubious advice and influence over government decisions.
Recommended
Capital structure
The document discusses capital structure, which refers to the composition of a company's long-term financing, including loans, reserves, shares, and bonds. It outlines factors that influence a company's capital structure such as financial leverage, risk, growth, and external conditions. The document also discusses the concept of an optimal capital structure that maximizes firm value and minimizes the cost of capital. It notes different types of leverage including financial, operating, combined, and working capital leverage and how they impact a company's earnings and risk.
Audit+risk+risk+chapt+7+&+8
Audit risk is the risk that an auditor will provide an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements contain material misstatements. Audit risk has three components: inherent risk, control risk, and detection risk. Inherent risk is the possibility of material misstatements in the financial statements due to factors like complex accounting issues or assets susceptible to theft. Control risk is the possibility that misstatements will not be prevented or detected by internal controls. Detection risk is the possibility that audit procedures will fail to detect material misstatements. The auditor determines an acceptable level of overall audit risk.
Credit Cards Banking
Credit cards originated in the United States in the early 20th century when department stores issued metal plates to loyal customers, allowing them to buy on credit. Later, banks introduced general-use credit cards that could be used at multiple merchants. Credit cards offer convenient credit and a way to track expenses, and are accepted worldwide with various credit limits and rewards programs. There are standard credit cards as well as specialized cards like balance transfer cards, rewards cards, secured cards for those with poor credit, and business or student cards designed for specific users.
fianance crisis glossary
The document defines various financial terms that emerged during the credit crisis such as "bear market", "bull market", "Chapter 11", and "credit crunch". It then lists the top six stocks to invest in across various industries including banking, telecom, information technology, real estate, automobiles, and media/entertainment. Key details provided for each recommended stock include its market capitalization, sales, profits, margins, and growth rates.
Introduction to portfolio management
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
Technical analysis intro
The document discusses schools of stock analysis, including fundamental analysis and technical analysis. It provides details on how fundamental analysis uses financial statements and other factors to determine a stock's intrinsic value, while technical analysis focuses on patterns in historical stock prices and volumes to predict future supply and demand. The document also outlines the key components of technical analysis, including trends, prices, volumes, and time frames. It describes different trend types such as uptrends, sideways trends, and downtrends.
Financial Statement Analysis
This document discusses financial statement analysis and its objectives and tools. The objectives are to project earnings capacity, evaluate financial performance, know the solvency position of a firm, decide borrowing capacity, and take decisions regarding future growth. The tools and techniques used are comparative statements, trend analysis, common size statements, fund flow statements, cash flow statements, and ratio analysis.
26 facts about_big_4
The document discusses several controversial facts about the big four accounting firms - KPMG, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte, and Ernst & Young. It notes that while they set global standards for transparency, their ownership is highly secretive. It also lists numerous fines the firms have paid for ethical violations and compromising their independence. Finally, it questions why they are still hired in India despite these issues and their dubious advice and influence over government decisions.
Everything about Technical analysis
The passage discusses the importance of summarization for processing large amounts of text data. It notes that automatic summarization systems aim to condense long documents into shorter summaries while maintaining the most important concepts and entities. The challenges of building such systems include identifying the most salient pieces of information, understanding natural language at a deeper level, and generating coherent summaries.
Direct Investing Risk Reduction 5-8-15
The document summarizes the keynote presentation by David Fisher at the Family Office Summit on direct investment and risk reduction. The presentation covered 10 commandments of risk reduction when making private equity deals, including doing thorough due diligence on all parties involved, having proper legal protections and security in place, ensuring timely and accurate financial information, and planning for a viable exit strategy. It emphasized balancing risk and reward, understanding industry dynamics, and potentially finding a valuable co-investor to partner with on deals. The overall message was that investors can increase returns and reduce risks by carefully following these principles when evaluating and structuring private investments.
Bonds
Bonds are debt securities where an issuer borrows money from an investor for a defined period of time. The issuer pays interest regularly and returns the principal at maturity. Key terms associated with bonds include the principal amount, coupon, price, yield, maturity, and credit quality. The credit rating of a bond provides a measure of the issuer's ability to repay the debt and allows investors to compare risk across different bonds. Bonds are issued in primary markets by sovereign governments, corporations, and other entities to fund expenditures, while existing bonds are traded in secondary markets between investors.
SRBS lecture 2
The document contains information about returns and probabilities for different securities (A, B, C, D, E). It calculates the expected returns for A and B, which are both 8%. The risk (standard deviation) is lower for A at 1.14 than for B at 2.19. It recommends investing in security C, which has the highest return of 12% and moderate risk of 5%. For a portfolio with 75% in A and 25% in C, the expected return is 9% but the risk is higher at 6%; therefore, it recommends investing solely in E, which has the same return of 9% but lower risk.
SAPM lecture 3 Capital Asset Pricing Model
The document discusses the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and how it relates expected return to risk through beta. It provides the formula for CAPM and explains how to calculate beta and expected returns for securities. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating betas and expected returns for companies using historical return data and CAPM. The model can be used to determine if securities are overvalued or undervalued relative to their expected returns given the market risk and risk-free rate.
SAPM lecture 1
This document discusses security analysis and portfolio management. It covers measuring the risk and return of investments using variance, standard deviation, and beta. Standard deviation measures the risk of a security or portfolio based on the variability of its returns from the mean. Beta measures the performance of a security or portfolio compared to the overall market. The document provides an example calculating standard deviation to compare the risk of a portfolio to the overall stock market index. It finds the portfolio had a higher average return but also higher risk compared to the index. Finally, it discusses using beta to measure how volatile a security's returns are compared to the Nifty index.
Working Capital Management
The document discusses working capital management. It defines working capital as the excess of current assets over current liabilities. It lists the key components of working capital like inventory, receivables, cash, and payables. It discusses different types of working capital and factors that determine working capital requirements like the nature of business, production cycle, and access to credit. The objectives of working capital management are to optimize current asset investments and ensure current liabilities can be met in a timely manner. Components of working capital management include inventory management, cash management, and receivables management.
Stock market investeneur_2nd
The document discusses analyzing stocks in the Egypt market. It outlines some common indicators used like the EGX30, EGX70 and EGX100 indexes. It also discusses the cycle to buy stocks and different analysis methods, including fundamental analysis which examines financials and operations, and technical analysis which studies past market data like price and volume. The document then explores basic chart analysis, covering terms like open, close, high, low, resistance, support and volume.
Section25 Companies
This document provides a list of Section 25 companies registered in India. It includes the company name, CIN (Corporate Identity Number), date of incorporation, and registered office address for each company. There are 59 companies listed with details provided for each. The note at the top indicates this information is derived from records on the MCA (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) portal and requests any discrepancies be reported for rectification.
Technical anaylsis (day_8)
This document provides an overview of technical analysis. It defines technical analysis as attempting to forecast stock prices based on market data like price and volume over time. Technicians look for trends and patterns that may indicate future price movements. The document discusses various chart types, patterns, indicators, and theories used in technical analysis like moving averages, MACD, RSI, Dow Theory and Elliott Wave. It also notes some of the potential benefits of market timing but challenges of doing so successfully. In summary, the document introduces the key concepts and techniques of the technical analysis approach to analyzing financial markets.
Stock market
This document provides information on various economic indicators and terms related to analyzing the stock market and economy. It discusses concepts like GDP, inflation, interest rates, commodity markets, technical analysis, and how to open demat and trading accounts. Specifically, it defines fundamental analysis as studying company fundamentals like profits, EPS, and debt ratios to determine which shares to buy. It also outlines the three main components of India's GDP - services at 55%, agriculture at 18%, and industry at 26%.
Sec 80 i
Section 80-I provides tax deductions for profits and gains derived from certain industrial undertakings, ships, hotels, and businesses of repairs to ocean-going vessels. A 20% deduction is allowed for eligible assessees, and 25% for eligible company assessees. Eligible industrial undertakings must meet conditions like not being a reconstruction of an existing business and employing a minimum number of workers. Eligible ships must be owned and used by an Indian company. Eligible hotels must be approved by the government and have a minimum paid-up capital. Eligible repair businesses must also meet conditions and be approved. Deductions can be claimed for a specified number of years depending on the type of business.
SAPM lecture 6 Technical Analysis
Technical analysis uses past stock and security price data and trading volume to identify patterns and trends in prices. These patterns can be used to predict future price movements and identify good entry and exit points to buy and sell securities. Technical analysts study charts of price movements and indicators like moving averages and oscillators to identify trends, support and resistance levels, and signals that a trend may be reversing. The goal is to profit from short-term trading based on these technical studies rather than fundamental analysis of the security.
Ethics
This document discusses the key concepts of business ethics including its nature, objectives, and various issues. It notes that business ethics refers to applying ethical judgments to business activities. The main objectives of business ethics are to establish moral standards for behavior, judge conduct, and make recommendations. Some issues covered include marketing ethics, production ethics, accounting/finance ethics, and human resource management ethics. It also discusses the need for businesses to consider stakeholders and act as good corporate citizens. International business ethics and the influence of religion on business values are also addressed.
Tax planning for new businesses in india
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
New issue market
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved 100 participants aged 65-80 who were given either the drug or a placebo daily for 6 months. Researchers found that those who received the drug performed significantly better on memory and problem-solving tests at the end of the study compared to those who received the placebo.
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Everything about Technical analysis
The passage discusses the importance of summarization for processing large amounts of text data. It notes that automatic summarization systems aim to condense long documents into shorter summaries while maintaining the most important concepts and entities. The challenges of building such systems include identifying the most salient pieces of information, understanding natural language at a deeper level, and generating coherent summaries.
Direct Investing Risk Reduction 5-8-15
The document summarizes the keynote presentation by David Fisher at the Family Office Summit on direct investment and risk reduction. The presentation covered 10 commandments of risk reduction when making private equity deals, including doing thorough due diligence on all parties involved, having proper legal protections and security in place, ensuring timely and accurate financial information, and planning for a viable exit strategy. It emphasized balancing risk and reward, understanding industry dynamics, and potentially finding a valuable co-investor to partner with on deals. The overall message was that investors can increase returns and reduce risks by carefully following these principles when evaluating and structuring private investments.
Bonds
Bonds are debt securities where an issuer borrows money from an investor for a defined period of time. The issuer pays interest regularly and returns the principal at maturity. Key terms associated with bonds include the principal amount, coupon, price, yield, maturity, and credit quality. The credit rating of a bond provides a measure of the issuer's ability to repay the debt and allows investors to compare risk across different bonds. Bonds are issued in primary markets by sovereign governments, corporations, and other entities to fund expenditures, while existing bonds are traded in secondary markets between investors.
SRBS lecture 2
The document contains information about returns and probabilities for different securities (A, B, C, D, E). It calculates the expected returns for A and B, which are both 8%. The risk (standard deviation) is lower for A at 1.14 than for B at 2.19. It recommends investing in security C, which has the highest return of 12% and moderate risk of 5%. For a portfolio with 75% in A and 25% in C, the expected return is 9% but the risk is higher at 6%; therefore, it recommends investing solely in E, which has the same return of 9% but lower risk.
SAPM lecture 3 Capital Asset Pricing Model
The document discusses the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and how it relates expected return to risk through beta. It provides the formula for CAPM and explains how to calculate beta and expected returns for securities. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating betas and expected returns for companies using historical return data and CAPM. The model can be used to determine if securities are overvalued or undervalued relative to their expected returns given the market risk and risk-free rate.
SAPM lecture 1
This document discusses security analysis and portfolio management. It covers measuring the risk and return of investments using variance, standard deviation, and beta. Standard deviation measures the risk of a security or portfolio based on the variability of its returns from the mean. Beta measures the performance of a security or portfolio compared to the overall market. The document provides an example calculating standard deviation to compare the risk of a portfolio to the overall stock market index. It finds the portfolio had a higher average return but also higher risk compared to the index. Finally, it discusses using beta to measure how volatile a security's returns are compared to the Nifty index.
Working Capital Management
The document discusses working capital management. It defines working capital as the excess of current assets over current liabilities. It lists the key components of working capital like inventory, receivables, cash, and payables. It discusses different types of working capital and factors that determine working capital requirements like the nature of business, production cycle, and access to credit. The objectives of working capital management are to optimize current asset investments and ensure current liabilities can be met in a timely manner. Components of working capital management include inventory management, cash management, and receivables management.
Stock market investeneur_2nd
The document discusses analyzing stocks in the Egypt market. It outlines some common indicators used like the EGX30, EGX70 and EGX100 indexes. It also discusses the cycle to buy stocks and different analysis methods, including fundamental analysis which examines financials and operations, and technical analysis which studies past market data like price and volume. The document then explores basic chart analysis, covering terms like open, close, high, low, resistance, support and volume.
Section25 Companies
This document provides a list of Section 25 companies registered in India. It includes the company name, CIN (Corporate Identity Number), date of incorporation, and registered office address for each company. There are 59 companies listed with details provided for each. The note at the top indicates this information is derived from records on the MCA (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) portal and requests any discrepancies be reported for rectification.
Technical anaylsis (day_8)
This document provides an overview of technical analysis. It defines technical analysis as attempting to forecast stock prices based on market data like price and volume over time. Technicians look for trends and patterns that may indicate future price movements. The document discusses various chart types, patterns, indicators, and theories used in technical analysis like moving averages, MACD, RSI, Dow Theory and Elliott Wave. It also notes some of the potential benefits of market timing but challenges of doing so successfully. In summary, the document introduces the key concepts and techniques of the technical analysis approach to analyzing financial markets.
Stock market
This document provides information on various economic indicators and terms related to analyzing the stock market and economy. It discusses concepts like GDP, inflation, interest rates, commodity markets, technical analysis, and how to open demat and trading accounts. Specifically, it defines fundamental analysis as studying company fundamentals like profits, EPS, and debt ratios to determine which shares to buy. It also outlines the three main components of India's GDP - services at 55%, agriculture at 18%, and industry at 26%.
Sec 80 i
Section 80-I provides tax deductions for profits and gains derived from certain industrial undertakings, ships, hotels, and businesses of repairs to ocean-going vessels. A 20% deduction is allowed for eligible assessees, and 25% for eligible company assessees. Eligible industrial undertakings must meet conditions like not being a reconstruction of an existing business and employing a minimum number of workers. Eligible ships must be owned and used by an Indian company. Eligible hotels must be approved by the government and have a minimum paid-up capital. Eligible repair businesses must also meet conditions and be approved. Deductions can be claimed for a specified number of years depending on the type of business.
SAPM lecture 6 Technical Analysis
Technical analysis uses past stock and security price data and trading volume to identify patterns and trends in prices. These patterns can be used to predict future price movements and identify good entry and exit points to buy and sell securities. Technical analysts study charts of price movements and indicators like moving averages and oscillators to identify trends, support and resistance levels, and signals that a trend may be reversing. The goal is to profit from short-term trading based on these technical studies rather than fundamental analysis of the security.
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Ethics
This document discusses the key concepts of business ethics including its nature, objectives, and various issues. It notes that business ethics refers to applying ethical judgments to business activities. The main objectives of business ethics are to establish moral standards for behavior, judge conduct, and make recommendations. Some issues covered include marketing ethics, production ethics, accounting/finance ethics, and human resource management ethics. It also discusses the need for businesses to consider stakeholders and act as good corporate citizens. International business ethics and the influence of religion on business values are also addressed.
Tax planning for new businesses in india
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
New issue market
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved 100 participants aged 65-80 who were given either the drug or a placebo daily for 6 months. Researchers found that those who received the drug performed significantly better on memory and problem-solving tests at the end of the study compared to those who received the placebo.
Introduction to corporate taxation
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like depression and anxiety.
35 famous companies
The document provides information about the full names and origins of abbreviations for 35 famous companies from around the world. It describes what the company abbreviations stand for, such as DHL coming from the founders' last names, IBM originally being called International Business Machines Corporation, and TLC originally being called The Learning Channel. It also provides short descriptions of the companies' products and services in some cases.
Everything about Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis is the method of finding out the future price of a stock which an investor wishes to buy.
Market indices
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
Basics of Investment
The document defines investment as sacrificing current consumption for future gain through employment of funds with the purpose of earning additional income or growth over time. It distinguishes investment from speculation based on risk, time horizon, and motives. The objectives, types, and features of ideal investments are described. Risk is categorized as systematic/non-diversifiable versus unsystematic/diversifiable. The portfolio management process including policy, analysis, construction, and evaluation is outlined.
Highlights monetary policy statement 2012 13
The Reserve Bank of India cut its repo rate by 0.5% to 8% and signaled that further cuts are unlikely if inflation persists. While GDP growth for 2012-13 is projected at 7.3%, inflation is expected to be around 6.5% by March 2013. The monetary policy aims to provide greater liquidity to the financial system while maintaining inflation control and limiting risks to the current account deficit.
How to Invest in Gold ?
Gold is an important part of Indian culture and many families invest in gold for future purposes like marriage or retirement. It is better to invest in gold coins rather than jewelry due to lower fees. Banks sell pure gold coins but at a 10-15% premium over market rates. Jewelry shops offer cheaper rates but purity should be verified for small shops. Post offices and reputed institutions also sell coins at slightly higher rates than shops. Gold financiers are another option that also provide loans against gold deposits.
War of digital tvs
Digital TV, Best Digital TV, TATA Sky, Airtel Digital TV, Reliance Big TV, DD Direct Plus
Railway budget 2012
The Indian Railway Minister proposed the highest ever annual budget of Rs. 60,100 crore for railways, with a focus on safety initiatives like establishing an independent safety authority and eliminating all level crossings in 5 years. Fares would increase slightly while aiming to improve passenger amenities, recruit over 100,000 employees, install bio-toilets in 2,500 coaches, and increase freight capacity. Major projects and investments were outlined to modernize railways at a cost of Rs. 14 lakh crore over 10 years.
Top 10 countries
The United States has the largest GDP of $15,060 billion, constituting 22% of global GDP. China has the second largest GDP and is one of the world's fastest growing economies. Japan has the third largest GDP of $5,855 billion and the fourth largest economy by purchasing power parity. Germany has the fourth largest GDP and is the second largest exporter and third largest importer globally.
How to post a ppt on blog
Posting PowerPoint presentations (PPTs) on blogs allows readers to view the presentation without needing PowerPoint installed. Bloggers can upload PPT files to their blog and add a short description. Viewers will see a thumbnail and can click to view the slides without leaving the blog.
Chapter 11
Chapter 11 is a chapter of the United States' Bankruptcy Code that allows businesses and individuals to reorganize and repay debts under court supervision instead of liquidating assets. It permits the reorganization of a debtor's business affairs, debts, and assets so it can continue operating, while formulating a plan to pay creditors over time rather than shutting down entirely. Chapter 11 bankruptcy is primarily used by corporations but is available to all businesses and individuals.