Fundamentals Of Oil & Gas Hydraulic System Simulation

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Agenda

 Subsea hydraulics and control system performance simulation
 HPU smulation
 Valve/actuator modeling
 Accumulator performance
 Umbilical behavior
 Dynamic response of steel tubes and thermo-plastic hose
 Choke simulation
 Distribution/branching behavior
 Pipeline simulation – hydrostatic head, flow behavior
 Recovery time analysis
 Emergency shutdown response time and behavior
 System charge-up transients


AMESim Libraries used for this Analysis


HPU Simulation Capability

 Hydraulic Power Unit is assumed to consist of

Low Pressure Unit
 High Pressure Unit
 Each Pressure Unit consists of
 Motor
 Hydraulic Pump (Piston pumps or Vane pumps)
 Relief valve (Safety valve)
 Accumulators (High pressure and Low pressure)
 HPU Valves
 Check valves


HPU Simulation Capability

Operating Conditions:
•Both Pumps are switched “ON” by their motors at the start of
Simulation.
•HPU valves are closed so as to charge up the Accumulators


HPU Simulation Capability : Axial Piston Pump Model

Pressure feedback


Design Optimization for Pump performance

o DOE: Design of Experiments
 Parameter study
 Full factorial
 Central composite
o Optimization
 NLPQL
 Genetic Algorithm
o Quality Engineering Methods (Robustness, Reliability)
 Monte-Carlo Analysis


Valve / Actuator Modeling Capability

Subsea Control Module controls the Valves that direct flow to the Actuators
SCMs contains a Supply line from the Umbilicals, a return line to the sea and
numerous valves
In this AMESim model, valves are modeled using the Geometric details like spool
diameter, spring stiffness, masses, etc.

Supercomponent
for simplifying the
sketch

Signal to
control
the valves


Accumulator Simulation

 AMESim’s Hydraulic library consists of several different types of orifices with/without heat
exchange out through convection.
 Accumulators are available in both Hydraulic and Thermal-Hydraulic libraries
 Although all the Accumulators are based on perfect gases, we have One submodel with
Real gases equations. (Benedict-Webb-Rubin based Real gas equations: HPACC001)

Accumulator filling times


Umbilical Simulation

• A large collection of line/Hose models available that are based on the different physical
phenomenon.
•Compressibility: Material properties, wall thickness, volume of pipe, Bulk modulus of
oil/air/pipe contributes to the compliance of the pipe/hose
•Resistance: Frictional drag in the pipes as a function of Laminar and Turbulent flow depends
on the roughness factor in the inner diameter of pipes
•Inertia: Kinetic energy associated to the geometrical properties of the pipe (Length, Area)
• Low-fidelity (lumped) and hi-fidelity (distributive) lines models available.
• Distributive line models are used for understanding the hydraulic aspects for VERY LONG
PIPES. These lines are used for representing the higher harmonics.
•More than 30 different lines/Hose models available in AMESim’s Hydraulic library. User can
choose amongst them depending on the dynamics that he’s interested in observing.

Automatic line selection
process embedded within
AMESim


Umbilicals Modeling in AMESim

During the simulation, orifice at the end of
the pipe is closed. It is opened at 3000 sec
for a duration of 100 sec and closed again


Choke Simulation Capability

 AMESim libraries consists of several choke/orifice
submodels
 Flowrates are computed depending on the
laminar/turbulent factors
 Following fixed and variable choke models are
available:
 Circular orifices with either geometrical or
Pressure-flow characteristics
 Orifices characterized with data tables (Q vs. P)
 Short tubes
 Non-circular chokes modeled using Hydraulic
diameter

Variable
Orifice/Choke


Distribution / Branching Capability

 UTA (Umbilical Termination Unit) can be modeled with
these submodels to consider the minor and major pressure
losses
 Considers both static and dynamic pressure losses
 AMESim’s Hydraulic Resistance library consists of different
types of geometrical components like
 Bends
 T-junctions
 Drilled intersecting holes
 Expansion / contraction models


Model other Subsea components

 AMESim libraries can be used for modeling
components in both Lumped or Detailed level
 Solenoids can be modeled with the
Electromechanical library so as to capture the
electrical time response of the valves.
 Poppet valves, Spool valves, Flapper valves, etc
can be modeled using the HCD library
 Flowforces are considered in these models so as
to be accurate in the valve dynamics
 Some subsea Components that can be modeled
are
Electro-Hydraulic control valves (Failsafe)
Electro-Hydraulic solenoid actuators & gate
valves
Pressure reducing and regulating valves
Hydraulic check valves
Directional Control valves
Filter assemblies


Complete Assembly of the Subsea Control System

HPU
 This schematic shows the
complete assembly of the
subsea hydraulic control
system
 HPU
 Umbilicals
 SCM
 Gate valves/ Actuators
 Christmas trees
SCM
 HPU Valve
 Vent Valve (ESD)


Hydrostatic Head Modeling Capability

 AMESim hydraulic line models compute the
hydrostatic head depending on the angle of
inclination of the pipe, depth of the pipe and
the oil property
 Distributive line model show the pressures at
the intermediate nodes in a line
 Units can be changed on independent
properties.

Hydrostatic pressure = density * gravity *
height (@7000 ft)
= 176 bar


Fluid Simulation Capability: Aeration and Cavitation

Numerous built-in databases of both
hydraulic and Thermal-hydraulic fluids
Easy to create fluids using data files from
test data
Utilities provided that allows in creation
Bulk modulus [bars] of such fluids
0%

0.1 %
2%

10 %

Influence of different
air content in the oil
affects the bulk
modulus until
Saturation pressure


Open and Closed Loop System capability

 AMESim provides both the plant modeling and Example 1: Open loop Example 2: Closed loop
the controller modeling capabilities
 In this example, a hydraulic actuator is modeled
 Pump
 Relief valve
 Electro-Hydraulic Directional control valve
 Actuator
 AMESim models can also be interfaced with
several other softwares that are used for control
system modeling.
 In EXAMPLE 1: An open loop system is
modeled. There’s no control on the movement of
the actuator. As long as the DCV is open,
actuator moves in the right direction.
 In EXAMPLE 2: A position feedback loop is
modeled. The DCV control signal is calculated
based on the position obtained from a
displacement sensor that is connected on the
actuator.
 A basic closed loop control is created using the
CONTROL library.


Outputs / Post Processing capabilities

o True transients with ODE and DAE

Water hammer effect with a frequency
dependent friction line model
o Easy-to-use post-processing capabilities:
Replay
2D Plots
3D Views

Animation


User Friendly features

 Detailed HELP documentation for equations behind every component
 Dialog boxes with HELP links
 Libraries are developed based on the physics of the components
 Watch parameters / variables window: Quick change of parameters
 Supercomponents (Simplification and Encryption of models)
 Post processing capabilities
 Quick Editing of parameters (common, global and batch parameters)
 Table editor
 Zoom on sketch and supercomponents
 Undo/Redo
 Load/Save category path list
 Load/Save Plotting configuration files (allows replotting of set of
curves)
 New aliases/unique identifier


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 Self Support

Excellent Online documentation & Help system
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 6 Qualified engineers in Troy, MI
 LiveMeeting/Phone/Fax/Email
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Fundamentals Of Oil & Gas Hydraulic System Simulation

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