The document provides a detailed overview of the circumstances leading up to the 1887 Richmond Conference of American Quakers and its influence on the formation of the Five Years Meeting. It describes how doctrinal issues and disagreements over practice arising from the 19th century holiness movement caused divisions. The Richmond Conference aimed to address these issues and resulted in the Richmond Declaration of Faith and the establishment of the Five Years Meeting to promote unity. However, Ohio Yearly Meeting resisted fully joining due to concerns over autonomy. This led to the long-term separation of Ohio Yearly Meeting and the Five Years Meeting, though both went on to grow and engage in missionary work.
This document contains short answer questions about religion in modern society. It asks the test taker to identify and briefly explain problems in assessing religion's influence, sociological evidence for the decline of religion as a "grand narrative", reasons for potentially having a false view of religion in past societies, reasons for higher female than male religious participation rates, reasons why interest in alternative spiritual groups may be short-lived, evidence for religion's declining importance in modernity, reasons why church attendance may be an unreliable measure of belief today, reasons for high turnover rates among members of New Religious Movements, ways religion can exert social control, characteristic features of sects, how functionalists see religion meeting societal and individual needs, evidence and arguments that
Mark Shaw's book Global Awakening examines revival movements around the world in the 20th century. Shaw analyzes 8 case studies of revivals in places like Korea, West Africa, India, East Africa, the United States, Brazil, and China. He identifies spiritual, cultural, historical, global, and group dynamics at play in revivals. While revivals are diverse, Shaw believes they have contributed significantly to the growth of Christianity globally. However, revivals also involve human elements and consequences that are not always positive for churches or societies. Overall, Shaw provides a convincing analysis of the role of revivals, though some factors will always remain beyond full comprehension.
2. The Reformation, Scientific Revolution, And Theguest0b2554
The document discusses the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Counter Reformation, and church reforms. It provides background on key figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, and events like the Council of Trent. The Council of Trent from 1545-1563 discussed Catholic doctrines and enacted reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation, reaffirming the supremacy of the Pope and traditions of the Catholic church. The document examines different viewpoints on the motives and impacts of the Protestant Reformation.
Amit Sharma is seeking a position that allows career growth and challenges. He has over 10 years of experience in pharmaceutical manufacturing in roles of increasing responsibility. His experience includes manufacturing oral solid and liquid dosage forms, topical preparations, sterile products, and aerosols. Key responsibilities have included production planning, supervising production operations, equipment maintenance, process validation, and implementing new systems. Notable projects include technology transfers and increasing batch sizes. He holds a B.Pharm and MBA and is proficient in English, Hindi, and various computer programs and manufacturing systems.
The document provides information about resume samples, cover letters, interview questions, and other career resources for music lawyers. It lists top resume types including chronological, functional, curriculum vitae, combination, targeted, professional, new graduate, and executive resumes. It also provides links to additional materials on resume writing, interview preparation, and related career topics that may be useful for someone seeking a job as a music lawyer.
The document discusses network performance issues for online games. It explains that routers can become overwhelmed by game traffic which has many small packets compared to standard web traffic. This can cause packet dropping and lag. The document also discusses how content delivery networks and direct connections between internet service providers can help route traffic more efficiently and reduce lag times. Overall the focus is on understanding how network infrastructure impacts online games and potential solutions to improve performance and connectivity.
This document provides updates on the construction progress of the Rice residence being built by Clayton Scott. The construction has reached the drywall phase after completing the foundation, framing, sheeting, siding, staircases, and installing windows. Photos are included showing views of the construction from the north, west, south, and inside the kitchen.
This short document presents 3 photos without captions and ends by encouraging the reader to create their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare. The photos are likely meant to inspire the reader's own creative presentation. A call to action is given to get started making a Haiku Deck on SlideShare.
This document contains short answer questions about religion in modern society. It asks the test taker to identify and briefly explain problems in assessing religion's influence, sociological evidence for the decline of religion as a "grand narrative", reasons for potentially having a false view of religion in past societies, reasons for higher female than male religious participation rates, reasons why interest in alternative spiritual groups may be short-lived, evidence for religion's declining importance in modernity, reasons why church attendance may be an unreliable measure of belief today, reasons for high turnover rates among members of New Religious Movements, ways religion can exert social control, characteristic features of sects, how functionalists see religion meeting societal and individual needs, evidence and arguments that
Mark Shaw's book Global Awakening examines revival movements around the world in the 20th century. Shaw analyzes 8 case studies of revivals in places like Korea, West Africa, India, East Africa, the United States, Brazil, and China. He identifies spiritual, cultural, historical, global, and group dynamics at play in revivals. While revivals are diverse, Shaw believes they have contributed significantly to the growth of Christianity globally. However, revivals also involve human elements and consequences that are not always positive for churches or societies. Overall, Shaw provides a convincing analysis of the role of revivals, though some factors will always remain beyond full comprehension.
2. The Reformation, Scientific Revolution, And Theguest0b2554
The document discusses the Protestant Reformation, Catholic Counter Reformation, and church reforms. It provides background on key figures like Martin Luther and John Calvin, and events like the Council of Trent. The Council of Trent from 1545-1563 discussed Catholic doctrines and enacted reforms in response to the Protestant Reformation, reaffirming the supremacy of the Pope and traditions of the Catholic church. The document examines different viewpoints on the motives and impacts of the Protestant Reformation.
Amit Sharma is seeking a position that allows career growth and challenges. He has over 10 years of experience in pharmaceutical manufacturing in roles of increasing responsibility. His experience includes manufacturing oral solid and liquid dosage forms, topical preparations, sterile products, and aerosols. Key responsibilities have included production planning, supervising production operations, equipment maintenance, process validation, and implementing new systems. Notable projects include technology transfers and increasing batch sizes. He holds a B.Pharm and MBA and is proficient in English, Hindi, and various computer programs and manufacturing systems.
The document provides information about resume samples, cover letters, interview questions, and other career resources for music lawyers. It lists top resume types including chronological, functional, curriculum vitae, combination, targeted, professional, new graduate, and executive resumes. It also provides links to additional materials on resume writing, interview preparation, and related career topics that may be useful for someone seeking a job as a music lawyer.
The document discusses network performance issues for online games. It explains that routers can become overwhelmed by game traffic which has many small packets compared to standard web traffic. This can cause packet dropping and lag. The document also discusses how content delivery networks and direct connections between internet service providers can help route traffic more efficiently and reduce lag times. Overall the focus is on understanding how network infrastructure impacts online games and potential solutions to improve performance and connectivity.
This document provides updates on the construction progress of the Rice residence being built by Clayton Scott. The construction has reached the drywall phase after completing the foundation, framing, sheeting, siding, staircases, and installing windows. Photos are included showing views of the construction from the north, west, south, and inside the kitchen.
This short document presents 3 photos without captions and ends by encouraging the reader to create their own Haiku Deck presentation on SlideShare. The photos are likely meant to inspire the reader's own creative presentation. A call to action is given to get started making a Haiku Deck on SlideShare.
The boys and Sir Hipparchus visit a vintage car racing event on Greenisland. They admire the old racing cars and discuss the mechanics of pit stops. Sir Hipparchus treats the boys to refreshments. They discuss visiting the car museum next and debate what building they see, with different visions of Ferrari, Aston Martin, and doughnut shapes. Sir Hipparchus buys them tickets, and they prepare to explore the museum housing impressive vintage cars.
1) The author reminisces about her teenage years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a time of innocence and discovery. She anticipates a visit with her two best friends from junior high, reminiscing about their teenage adventures.
2) The author reflects on why friendships formed during adolescence tend to last a lifetime, noting the unique freedom and sense of excitement of that era.
3) When together, the author and her friends still feel like the teenagers they were in the 1970s, bonded by their shared memories and musical tastes of that time period. They continue to add new memories to their lifelong friendship.
Breaching patient privacy and confidentiality is a serious issue in healthcare. As a manager, I would ensure my staff were aware of and complied with my organization's HIPAA policies by signing an attestation that they understood the policies and consequences for breaking them. I would explain the consequences, which may include termination depending on the severity of the infraction. Random audits would also be conducted to ensure staff only access necessary patient files. Organizations can face significant fines, such as Columbia University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital's combined $4.8 million fine in 2014 for failing to secure health records.
Este documento discute las relaciones de delegación de autoridad en las empresas. Explica que existe una delegación de autoridad cuando personas contratan a otras para tomar decisiones. También describe un posible problema cuando los administradores de una empresa individual se convierten en una corporación que vende acciones, creando un conflicto potencial entre los accionistas y administradores. Finalmente, señala que es poco probable que un departamento administrativo grande sea despedido por los accionistas, ya que la empresa está distribuida y los administradores controlan el proceso de votación.
1. The document provides instructions for using Dropbox to store and share files across devices. It explains how to install Dropbox on computers and mobile devices, upload and access files from any device, and share files and folders with links.
2. The instructions also cover how to collaborate on documents by setting up shared folders that allow multiple users to work on files simultaneously and see edits in real-time.
3. Additional tips are provided for recovering file versions, managing file storage, and strengthening security settings for the Dropbox account.
The document provides information about resume samples, cover letters, interview questions, and other career resources for finance lawyers. It lists top resume types including chronological, functional, curriculum vitae, combination, targeted, professional, new graduate, and executive resumes. It also provides links to additional materials on resume writing, cover letters, interview preparation, and other job search resources targeted towards finance lawyers.
This document discusses using LAND Trust funding to implement an eye training program called eyeQ in schools. It provides evidence that eyeQ improves student performance in reading speeds and comprehension from studies conducted at Granger Elementary and South Summit High School. The program strengthens areas of the brain related to memory, concentration, conceptual learning and language as shown in an fMRI study. Implementing eyeQ for a school requires contacting the company, determining pricing based on volume, and signing a purchase agreement. The program has low cost, limitless reach across an entire student body, and provides an effective and affordable way to boost fundamental reading skills.
Paper 2: The Great Awakening
The theological significance behind America’s first two Great Awakenings lies in the effect that they had on the shape of Christian thinking. They were more important theological events than later revivals, with the First stimulating a brief revival of Calvinism and the Second being more important because it ushered in a democratic theology that shaped American Protestantism through the 1870’s, contributed to a legacy to modern evangelicalism, and provided one of the major sources of fundamentalism.[footnoteRef:1] Despite the noted importance of the Second Great Awakening, this paper will discuss the less important, but still impactful, Great Awakening. The following subjects will be examine a biography of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, a discussion of their contributions, a short discussion over a few other leaders of the First Great Awakening, and an explanation of Evangelicalism during the First Great Awakening. [1: Walter A. Elwell. “Great Awakenings” Evangelical Dictionary of Theology Ed. 2. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001). 523.]
Biographies
Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) was the son of a congregational minister. He entered into the ministry in 1726 after earning a bachelor’s degree at Yale. “His first charge was Northampton, Massachusetts, where he served until dismissed in 1750 after a controversy with his congregation over standards for church admission.”[footnoteRef:2] He then moved to Stockbridge, MA where he ministered to congregations of Indians and whites. Edwards is regarded as the greatest evangelical theologian in America. This is based on the “depth and breadth of his writing and his importance for both practical and theoretical religion.”[footnoteRef:3] He preached over twelve hundred sermons, and opened the revival among his congregation with his series on justification by faith. He provided a more systematic exposition of Augustinian and Calvinistic views in his works. Outside preaching and teaching Edwards He was also the most powerful exponent of experimental Calvinism. His “rejuvenation of a basically Calvinistic soteriology was the longest-lived theological result of the First Awakening.”[footnoteRef:4] He died in 1758 on March 22 from smallpox. [2: Ibid., 366.] [3: Ibid., 366.] [4: Walter A. Elwell. “Great Awakenings” Evangelical Dictionary of Theology Ed. 2. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001). 523.]
George Whitefield (1714-1770) was an ordained minister of the Church of England. He was a member of the “Holy Club” during the 1720’s. In 1738 he traveled to Georgia to aid in the founding of an orphanage and when he returned, his reputation as a dramatic preacher preceded him. He went on a preaching tour in New England in 1740 where he addressed crowds of nearly eight thousand every day for over a month. This tour became the key event in New England’s Great Awakening, and he eventually became known as the best known evangelist of the eighteenth century .
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HISTORY; (ADVENTIST HERITAGE) Credits to Adventist University of the Philippines Theology Students Reports, From the Class of Pastor Cadao
From August - December 2018.
- Report 1 (R1) - Report 23 (R23)
This document provides an overview of the objectives and content for a course on the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It will cover key events from the establishment of the New Testament church through the apostasy and restoration. Students will read the assigned text to understand principles and apply them. Topics include the Great Apostasy, Renaissance/Reformation, discovery of America, religious freedom in the U.S., and providential timing for the restoration in 1830.
The topic of this class is (Introduction to Corporate Worship )and t.docxwsusan1
The topic of this class is (Introduction to Corporate Worship )and the question should be in a
ESSAY
format. The answers can be found in these books.
·
Costen, Melva Wilson. African American Christian Worship, update
Duck, Ruth C. Worship for the Whole People of God.
Hawn, Michael. One Bread, One Body. Exploring Cultural Diversity in Worship
Long, Tom. Beyond Worship Wars.
·
Stone, Howard W. & James O. Duke How to Think Theologically 3nd Edition.
·
White, James F. The Sacraments in Protestant Practice and Faith
1.Discuss the development of preaching from the early church through the 20th century
2.Discuss the keys concepts in part 1 of
One Bread, One Body: Exploring Cultural Diversity in Worship.
3.
Discuss the developments in baptism from the Medieval period through the Reformation, focusing on the
relation of baptism to faith, mode of baptism, time and place of baptism and process of initiation.
4.
Discuss the influence of the Reformers in the 7 theological meanings of the Eucharist as described in the work of James White. Be specific in naming the Reformers.
5.
According to Ruth Duck, what are the theological emphases for understanding worship? Use 1 of these emphases to discuss one of the following chapters from her text:
Planning and Leading Worship
The Arts of Worship
Liturgies of Healing and Reconciliation
.
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HISTORY; (ADVENTIST HERITAGE) Credits to Adventist University of the Philippines Theology Students Reports, From the Class of Pastor Cadao
From August - December 2018.
- Report 1 (R1) - Report 23 (R23)
CHRIST AND CULTURE To Reinie CHRIST AND CULTURE VinaOconner450
CHRIST AND CULTURE
To Reinie
CHRIST AND CULTURE
Copyright, 1 95 1 , by Harper & Row, Publishers, Incorporate.ct,
Printed in the United States of America
All rights in this book are reserved.
No part of the book may be used or reproduced
in any manner whatsoever without written per
mission except in the case of brief quotations
embodied in critical articles and reviews. For
information address:
Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. ,
10 East 53rd Street, New York, N. Y. 10022.
First HARPER TORCHBOOK edition published 1956
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
]. The Enduring Problem
I. THE PROBLEM
II. TOW ARD A DEFINITION OF CHRIST
III. TOWARD THE DEFINITION OF CULTURE
IV. THE TYPICAL ANSWERS
2. Cbrist Against Culture
I. THE NE'V PEOPLE AND
"
THE WORLD
"
II. TOLSTOY
'
S REJECTION OF CULTURE
III. A NECESSARY AND INADEQUATE POSITION
IV. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
3. Tbe Cbrist of Culture
ix
xi
1
11
29
39
I. ACCOMMODATION TO CULTURE IN GNOSTICISM AND ABELARD 83
II.
"
CULTURE-PROTESTANTISM
"
AND A. RITSCHL 91
III. IN DEFENSE OF CULTURAL FAITH I 0 I
IV. THEOLOGICAL OBJECTIONS 108
4. Christ Above Culture
I. THE CHURCH OF THE CENTER
II. THE SYNTHESIS OF CHRIST AND CULTURE
III. SYNTHESIS IN QUESTION
5. Christ and Culture in Paradox
I. THE THEOLOGY OF THE DUALISTS
II. THE DUALISTIC MOTIF IN PAUL AND MARCION
n1. DUALISM IN LUTHER AND MODERN TIMES
lV. THE VIRTUES AND VICES OF DUAI.ISM
vii
116
120
141
viii CONTENTS
6. Christ the Transformer of Culture
I. THEOLOGICAL CONVICTIONS
II. THE CONVERSION MOTIF IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL
III. AUGUSTINE AND THE CONVERSION OF CULTURE
IV. THE VIEWS OF F. D. MAURICE
7. A "Concluding Unscientific Postscript"
I. CONCLUSION IN DECISION
II. THE RELATIVISM OF FAITH
III. SOCIAL EXISTENTIALISM
IV. FREEDOM IN DEPENDENCE
Index
230
234
24 1
249
257
FOREWORD
The present volume makes available in print and in expanded
form the series of lectures which Professor H. Richard Niebuhr
gave at Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary in January, 1 949,
on the Alumni Foundation. This lectureship was inaugurated in
1 945. Since that time the Seminary has had the privilege of present
ing to its students and alumni at the time of the midwinter convoca
tions the reflections of leading Christian thinkers on important
issues and, in part, of stimulating the publication of these refl.ec�
tions for the benefit of a wider audience.
The men and their subjects have been:
1945-Ernest Trice Thompson, Christian Bases of World Order
1946-Josef Lukl Hromadka, The Church at the Crossroads
1947-Paul Scherer, The Plight of Freedom
1948-D. Elton Trueblood, Alternative to Futility
194g-H. Richard Niebuhr, Christ and Culture
1950--Paul Minear, The Kingdom and the Power
1951 -G. Ernest Wright, God Who Acts
Dr. Niebuhr makes a distinguished contribution in this dear and
incisive study in Christian Ethics.
Austin Presbyterian Theological ...
Does the bible support ordaining women as elders or pastorsAntonio Bernard
This document provides an overview of the arguments that have been made over the past few decades in favor of ordaining women as elders or pastors in the Seventh-day Adventist church. It discusses two major works that have advocated for this position - The Welcome Table from 1995 and Women in Ministry from 1998. The document analyzes the biblical, theological, and historical arguments presented in these works and others. It notes that the arguments have evolved over time, with some contradicting positions that were previously taken. The document aims to critically examine the case being made for ordaining women and identify weaknesses in the reasoning and evidence put forward.
Pentecostalism is a fairly modern movement within Christianity that can be traced back to the Holiness movement in the Methodist Church. A major focus of Pentecostal churches is Holy Spirit baptism as evidenced by speaking in tongues. There are approximately 170 different denominations that identify themselves as Pentecostal.
There are generally considered to be four main types of religious organizations: churches, sects, denominations, and cults. Churches are large, mainstream religious bodies that represent major world religions. Sects are smaller, committed groups that form in protest of churches. Denominations were once sects that became institutionalized over time. Cults have flexible membership and disagreements exist around their precise definition, but they tend to focus on individual experiences and bringing like-minded people together. Religious organizations can also be classified as world-affirming, world-rejecting, or world-accommodating based on their relationship to secular society.
God save me! The North American Christian FundamentalismYury Fontão
The work was presented in a discipline in the course of
International Relations, aiming to demonstrate the main thinkers and theological currents that underlie Christian Fundamentalism in the United States of America.
I hope you like it, good reading everyone!
The document summarizes 12 documents produced by the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). Key points include:
- The Dogmatic Constitution on the Church established that the Church is the Body of Christ and People of God, bishops are to shepherd God's people as servants, and all are called to holiness.
- The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation affirmed that revelation is complete in Christ and Scripture/Tradition have a close connection as revelation is developed over time.
- The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy reformed the liturgy to promote participation and union, allow vernacular languages, and focus on the liturgical year and Mass as the source and summit.
- The
The boys and Sir Hipparchus visit a vintage car racing event on Greenisland. They admire the old racing cars and discuss the mechanics of pit stops. Sir Hipparchus treats the boys to refreshments. They discuss visiting the car museum next and debate what building they see, with different visions of Ferrari, Aston Martin, and doughnut shapes. Sir Hipparchus buys them tickets, and they prepare to explore the museum housing impressive vintage cars.
1) The author reminisces about her teenage years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a time of innocence and discovery. She anticipates a visit with her two best friends from junior high, reminiscing about their teenage adventures.
2) The author reflects on why friendships formed during adolescence tend to last a lifetime, noting the unique freedom and sense of excitement of that era.
3) When together, the author and her friends still feel like the teenagers they were in the 1970s, bonded by their shared memories and musical tastes of that time period. They continue to add new memories to their lifelong friendship.
Breaching patient privacy and confidentiality is a serious issue in healthcare. As a manager, I would ensure my staff were aware of and complied with my organization's HIPAA policies by signing an attestation that they understood the policies and consequences for breaking them. I would explain the consequences, which may include termination depending on the severity of the infraction. Random audits would also be conducted to ensure staff only access necessary patient files. Organizations can face significant fines, such as Columbia University and New York-Presbyterian Hospital's combined $4.8 million fine in 2014 for failing to secure health records.
Este documento discute las relaciones de delegación de autoridad en las empresas. Explica que existe una delegación de autoridad cuando personas contratan a otras para tomar decisiones. También describe un posible problema cuando los administradores de una empresa individual se convierten en una corporación que vende acciones, creando un conflicto potencial entre los accionistas y administradores. Finalmente, señala que es poco probable que un departamento administrativo grande sea despedido por los accionistas, ya que la empresa está distribuida y los administradores controlan el proceso de votación.
1. The document provides instructions for using Dropbox to store and share files across devices. It explains how to install Dropbox on computers and mobile devices, upload and access files from any device, and share files and folders with links.
2. The instructions also cover how to collaborate on documents by setting up shared folders that allow multiple users to work on files simultaneously and see edits in real-time.
3. Additional tips are provided for recovering file versions, managing file storage, and strengthening security settings for the Dropbox account.
The document provides information about resume samples, cover letters, interview questions, and other career resources for finance lawyers. It lists top resume types including chronological, functional, curriculum vitae, combination, targeted, professional, new graduate, and executive resumes. It also provides links to additional materials on resume writing, cover letters, interview preparation, and other job search resources targeted towards finance lawyers.
This document discusses using LAND Trust funding to implement an eye training program called eyeQ in schools. It provides evidence that eyeQ improves student performance in reading speeds and comprehension from studies conducted at Granger Elementary and South Summit High School. The program strengthens areas of the brain related to memory, concentration, conceptual learning and language as shown in an fMRI study. Implementing eyeQ for a school requires contacting the company, determining pricing based on volume, and signing a purchase agreement. The program has low cost, limitless reach across an entire student body, and provides an effective and affordable way to boost fundamental reading skills.
Paper 2: The Great Awakening
The theological significance behind America’s first two Great Awakenings lies in the effect that they had on the shape of Christian thinking. They were more important theological events than later revivals, with the First stimulating a brief revival of Calvinism and the Second being more important because it ushered in a democratic theology that shaped American Protestantism through the 1870’s, contributed to a legacy to modern evangelicalism, and provided one of the major sources of fundamentalism.[footnoteRef:1] Despite the noted importance of the Second Great Awakening, this paper will discuss the less important, but still impactful, Great Awakening. The following subjects will be examine a biography of Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, a discussion of their contributions, a short discussion over a few other leaders of the First Great Awakening, and an explanation of Evangelicalism during the First Great Awakening. [1: Walter A. Elwell. “Great Awakenings” Evangelical Dictionary of Theology Ed. 2. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001). 523.]
Biographies
Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) was the son of a congregational minister. He entered into the ministry in 1726 after earning a bachelor’s degree at Yale. “His first charge was Northampton, Massachusetts, where he served until dismissed in 1750 after a controversy with his congregation over standards for church admission.”[footnoteRef:2] He then moved to Stockbridge, MA where he ministered to congregations of Indians and whites. Edwards is regarded as the greatest evangelical theologian in America. This is based on the “depth and breadth of his writing and his importance for both practical and theoretical religion.”[footnoteRef:3] He preached over twelve hundred sermons, and opened the revival among his congregation with his series on justification by faith. He provided a more systematic exposition of Augustinian and Calvinistic views in his works. Outside preaching and teaching Edwards He was also the most powerful exponent of experimental Calvinism. His “rejuvenation of a basically Calvinistic soteriology was the longest-lived theological result of the First Awakening.”[footnoteRef:4] He died in 1758 on March 22 from smallpox. [2: Ibid., 366.] [3: Ibid., 366.] [4: Walter A. Elwell. “Great Awakenings” Evangelical Dictionary of Theology Ed. 2. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2001). 523.]
George Whitefield (1714-1770) was an ordained minister of the Church of England. He was a member of the “Holy Club” during the 1720’s. In 1738 he traveled to Georgia to aid in the founding of an orphanage and when he returned, his reputation as a dramatic preacher preceded him. He went on a preaching tour in New England in 1740 where he addressed crowds of nearly eight thousand every day for over a month. This tour became the key event in New England’s Great Awakening, and he eventually became known as the best known evangelist of the eighteenth century .
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HISTORY; (ADVENTIST HERITAGE) Credits to Adventist University of the Philippines Theology Students Reports, From the Class of Pastor Cadao
From August - December 2018.
- Report 1 (R1) - Report 23 (R23)
This document provides an overview of the objectives and content for a course on the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It will cover key events from the establishment of the New Testament church through the apostasy and restoration. Students will read the assigned text to understand principles and apply them. Topics include the Great Apostasy, Renaissance/Reformation, discovery of America, religious freedom in the U.S., and providential timing for the restoration in 1830.
The topic of this class is (Introduction to Corporate Worship )and t.docxwsusan1
The topic of this class is (Introduction to Corporate Worship )and the question should be in a
ESSAY
format. The answers can be found in these books.
·
Costen, Melva Wilson. African American Christian Worship, update
Duck, Ruth C. Worship for the Whole People of God.
Hawn, Michael. One Bread, One Body. Exploring Cultural Diversity in Worship
Long, Tom. Beyond Worship Wars.
·
Stone, Howard W. & James O. Duke How to Think Theologically 3nd Edition.
·
White, James F. The Sacraments in Protestant Practice and Faith
1.Discuss the development of preaching from the early church through the 20th century
2.Discuss the keys concepts in part 1 of
One Bread, One Body: Exploring Cultural Diversity in Worship.
3.
Discuss the developments in baptism from the Medieval period through the Reformation, focusing on the
relation of baptism to faith, mode of baptism, time and place of baptism and process of initiation.
4.
Discuss the influence of the Reformers in the 7 theological meanings of the Eucharist as described in the work of James White. Be specific in naming the Reformers.
5.
According to Ruth Duck, what are the theological emphases for understanding worship? Use 1 of these emphases to discuss one of the following chapters from her text:
Planning and Leading Worship
The Arts of Worship
Liturgies of Healing and Reconciliation
.
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HISTORY; (ADVENTIST HERITAGE) Credits to Adventist University of the Philippines Theology Students Reports, From the Class of Pastor Cadao
From August - December 2018.
- Report 1 (R1) - Report 23 (R23)
CHRIST AND CULTURE To Reinie CHRIST AND CULTURE VinaOconner450
CHRIST AND CULTURE
To Reinie
CHRIST AND CULTURE
Copyright, 1 95 1 , by Harper & Row, Publishers, Incorporate.ct,
Printed in the United States of America
All rights in this book are reserved.
No part of the book may be used or reproduced
in any manner whatsoever without written per
mission except in the case of brief quotations
embodied in critical articles and reviews. For
information address:
Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc. ,
10 East 53rd Street, New York, N. Y. 10022.
First HARPER TORCHBOOK edition published 1956
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
]. The Enduring Problem
I. THE PROBLEM
II. TOW ARD A DEFINITION OF CHRIST
III. TOWARD THE DEFINITION OF CULTURE
IV. THE TYPICAL ANSWERS
2. Cbrist Against Culture
I. THE NE'V PEOPLE AND
"
THE WORLD
"
II. TOLSTOY
'
S REJECTION OF CULTURE
III. A NECESSARY AND INADEQUATE POSITION
IV. THEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
3. Tbe Cbrist of Culture
ix
xi
1
11
29
39
I. ACCOMMODATION TO CULTURE IN GNOSTICISM AND ABELARD 83
II.
"
CULTURE-PROTESTANTISM
"
AND A. RITSCHL 91
III. IN DEFENSE OF CULTURAL FAITH I 0 I
IV. THEOLOGICAL OBJECTIONS 108
4. Christ Above Culture
I. THE CHURCH OF THE CENTER
II. THE SYNTHESIS OF CHRIST AND CULTURE
III. SYNTHESIS IN QUESTION
5. Christ and Culture in Paradox
I. THE THEOLOGY OF THE DUALISTS
II. THE DUALISTIC MOTIF IN PAUL AND MARCION
n1. DUALISM IN LUTHER AND MODERN TIMES
lV. THE VIRTUES AND VICES OF DUAI.ISM
vii
116
120
141
viii CONTENTS
6. Christ the Transformer of Culture
I. THEOLOGICAL CONVICTIONS
II. THE CONVERSION MOTIF IN THE FOURTH GOSPEL
III. AUGUSTINE AND THE CONVERSION OF CULTURE
IV. THE VIEWS OF F. D. MAURICE
7. A "Concluding Unscientific Postscript"
I. CONCLUSION IN DECISION
II. THE RELATIVISM OF FAITH
III. SOCIAL EXISTENTIALISM
IV. FREEDOM IN DEPENDENCE
Index
230
234
24 1
249
257
FOREWORD
The present volume makes available in print and in expanded
form the series of lectures which Professor H. Richard Niebuhr
gave at Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary in January, 1 949,
on the Alumni Foundation. This lectureship was inaugurated in
1 945. Since that time the Seminary has had the privilege of present
ing to its students and alumni at the time of the midwinter convoca
tions the reflections of leading Christian thinkers on important
issues and, in part, of stimulating the publication of these refl.ec�
tions for the benefit of a wider audience.
The men and their subjects have been:
1945-Ernest Trice Thompson, Christian Bases of World Order
1946-Josef Lukl Hromadka, The Church at the Crossroads
1947-Paul Scherer, The Plight of Freedom
1948-D. Elton Trueblood, Alternative to Futility
194g-H. Richard Niebuhr, Christ and Culture
1950--Paul Minear, The Kingdom and the Power
1951 -G. Ernest Wright, God Who Acts
Dr. Niebuhr makes a distinguished contribution in this dear and
incisive study in Christian Ethics.
Austin Presbyterian Theological ...
Does the bible support ordaining women as elders or pastorsAntonio Bernard
This document provides an overview of the arguments that have been made over the past few decades in favor of ordaining women as elders or pastors in the Seventh-day Adventist church. It discusses two major works that have advocated for this position - The Welcome Table from 1995 and Women in Ministry from 1998. The document analyzes the biblical, theological, and historical arguments presented in these works and others. It notes that the arguments have evolved over time, with some contradicting positions that were previously taken. The document aims to critically examine the case being made for ordaining women and identify weaknesses in the reasoning and evidence put forward.
Pentecostalism is a fairly modern movement within Christianity that can be traced back to the Holiness movement in the Methodist Church. A major focus of Pentecostal churches is Holy Spirit baptism as evidenced by speaking in tongues. There are approximately 170 different denominations that identify themselves as Pentecostal.
There are generally considered to be four main types of religious organizations: churches, sects, denominations, and cults. Churches are large, mainstream religious bodies that represent major world religions. Sects are smaller, committed groups that form in protest of churches. Denominations were once sects that became institutionalized over time. Cults have flexible membership and disagreements exist around their precise definition, but they tend to focus on individual experiences and bringing like-minded people together. Religious organizations can also be classified as world-affirming, world-rejecting, or world-accommodating based on their relationship to secular society.
God save me! The North American Christian FundamentalismYury Fontão
The work was presented in a discipline in the course of
International Relations, aiming to demonstrate the main thinkers and theological currents that underlie Christian Fundamentalism in the United States of America.
I hope you like it, good reading everyone!
The document summarizes 12 documents produced by the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965). Key points include:
- The Dogmatic Constitution on the Church established that the Church is the Body of Christ and People of God, bishops are to shepherd God's people as servants, and all are called to holiness.
- The Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation affirmed that revelation is complete in Christ and Scripture/Tradition have a close connection as revelation is developed over time.
- The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy reformed the liturgy to promote participation and union, allow vernacular languages, and focus on the liturgical year and Mass as the source and summit.
- The
Questions on doctrine 50th anniversary conference -Herbert DouglassAntonio Bernard
This document discusses the publication of Questions on Doctrine (QOD) in 1957 and the theological issues it raised. It argues that QOD attempted to merge Adventist theology with Calvinism without recognizing how incompatible certain aspects were. This led to a "theological earthquake" that created confusion and divisions within Adventism. It also suggests that many independent ministries within Adventism exist today because of the theological divisions opened up by QOD. The document examines the early interactions between Adventist and evangelical leaders that led to the publication of QOD and analyzes some of the theological disagreements that arose in its aftermath.
We are the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada (Christian Disciples). As a mainstream, nondenominational evangelical movement in North America, it traces its historical roots to the formal organization of the Christian Church in 1804 in Bourbon County, Kentucky, U.S.A., under the branch of the Evangelical Christian Church (Christian Disciples). The denomination in the United States was influenced by the leadership of Barton Warren Stone (1772-1844), a former Presbyterian minister. This group reformed their beliefs regarding Christian unity in the church during the Second Great Awakening of the early 19th century.
When the world worships as one end time magazine article - jan-feb 2003miscott57
The document discusses the continued development of an interfaith religious movement where people of all faiths can find common ground to worship. It notes events in 2002 that promoted interfaithism, such as a UN conference and the Archbishop of Canterbury being named an honorary druid. It expresses concern that this movement aligns with New Age spiritualism and earth worship rather than Christianity.
Martin Luther and other Protestant reformers criticized the Roman Catholic Church for doctrines and practices they saw as contradicting biblical teachings. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone rather than good works. The accessibility of the Bible to the common person through translations and the printing press allowed for new interpretations of Scripture outside of the Church. This led to the emergence of Protestantism with different denominations. The Catholic Church responded by incorporating reforms to address Protestant criticisms.
Contrast the Protestant and Catholic Reformations related to actua.docxdickonsondorris
Contrast the Protestant and Catholic Reformations related to actual reforms within each religious tradition.
BF
The Protestant Reformation started in the early sixteenth century. The reformation stemmed from people who wanted to challenge the higher power in the Roman Catholic church. Martian Luther started the movement when he disagreed with the religious rules that was created in the Roman Catholic Church. When it came to the bible, Protestants and Catholics had very different understandings. “Justification by faith alone” became the stem of Protestant beliefs (Bentley, Ziegler, Streets-Salter, p. 509).
Catholic reformation was partly created to respond back to the Protestant reformation. Since the Protestant reformation happened, the Catholics wanted to gain back the people they had lost. The Council of Trent and The Society of Jesus were a big help in the Catholic reformation. The council requested that the higher power follow firm moral rules. Which caused them to be in training, so that they could do their responsibilities properly. People of the Society of Jesus were called Jesuits. St. Ignatius Loyola founded the society and made sure the Jesuits were well educated. They were excellent missionaries and retained a great reputation. Jesuits were often counselors to both kings and rulers, which they used to gain influence on policies.
JLA
Through the high middle ages Christianity guided Europe through many matters ranging from religion to ethics. however in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries there were many revolts that were launched against the Roman Catholic Church which shattered a lot of the religious unity throughout Western Europe.
The Catholics and Protestants had major disagreements which stemmed from the interpretation or understanding and the authority of the Bible. It was the belief of the Protestants that the authority of the Pope and the Priests of the Roman Catholic Church were not necessary and that all they needed was Faith alone to be saved. This was the Core of the Protestant beliefs and were widely received by the masses and found much success.
The Reformation of the Catholic Church was in response to the success of the Protestants and to be able to regain much of the followers they had lost. In doing so they made an effort to be able to clarify the difference between the two denominations and even consulted and abide by the council of Trent and the Society of Jesus Christ.
Reference:
Bentley, J. H., Ziegler, H. F., & Streets-Salter, H. (2015). Traditions & encounters: a global perspective on the past. Boston: McGraw Hill.
.
A Search for Identity by George R. Knight (z-lib.org).pdfssuserd6f082
This document provides information about a book titled "A Search for Identity: The Development of Seventh-day Adventist Beliefs" by George R. Knight. The book examines the historical development of Seventh-day Adventist theology from 1844 to the present day. It traces how Adventist beliefs have evolved over time in response to theological crises and questions within the denomination. The book is the first comprehensive survey of the unfolding of Adventist doctrine. It is part of a series on Adventist heritage that seeks to concisely outline the origins and evolution of Seventh-day Adventism.
Similar to Friends Heritage Symposium presentation 2015 (20)
A Search for Identity by George R. Knight (z-lib.org).pdf
Friends Heritage Symposium presentation 2015
1. “The Circumstances Leading to the Richmond Conference and its Influence on the Origin of the
Five Years Meeting, Focusing on the Involvement of David Updegraff and Ohio Yearly
Meeting”
By Daniel Christy
In the mid-to-late 19th century, American Gurneyite Friends faced challenges to unity
based around both doctrinal issues and disagreements regarding practice. In the search for
answers to these questions of what Friends should believe and how they should interact with
each other, various steps were taken by the several yearly meetings. Perhaps the single largest
effort towards unity among American Gurneyite Friends was the Richmond Conference of 1887
and the subsequent establishment of the Five Years Meeting. Particular disagreements sparked
the call for this conference, and the products of its proceedings in turn had particular
consequences for American Gurneyite Friends. Each of these will be explored and explained,
with special attention being paid to the interaction between Ohio Yearly Meeting and the
precursors of the Five Years Meeting. This is for two reasons. The first is that although the
conference was held in Indiana, figures from Ohio Yearly meeting were central to the Richmond
Conference being held. The second is the nature of the location and venue this paper is being
presented at, an institution that is linked to the Evangelical Friends Church, Eastern Region,
which descends from Ohio Yearly Meeting. Having laid out that short preview, I will now delve
into the topic:
The story of the Five Years Meeting begins with the impact of the holiness movement on
American Quakerism in the 19th century. Revivalism had swept through Orthodox Quakerism in
mid-century. By the late 1870’s and early 1880’s, the changes that this movement brought about
were causing deep rifts of division in all yearly meetings. Three major questions had arisen out
2. Christy 2
of the holiness-rooted revival movement, over which there were harsh disagreement. The first of
these was regarding the doctrine of the Inner Light. What was it? Did it even exist? The biblical
literalism of the holiness movement found no justification for such a doctrine in the scriptures.
Still, more traditional Friends continued to cling to it, one of the seminal articulations of Quaker
spiritual theology that had been handed down from early Quakers, while using language to
describe the doctrine that was more acceptable to holiness Friends. The general trend was away
from using the language of the Inner Light (Transformation, 122-124).
The second question was one of pastoral ministry. Friends had always unanimously
objected to paid clerics until the influence of the revival movement. Thomas Hamm proffers that
the influx of new membership from the revivals of mid-century necessitated more structure being
put in place to deal with greater numbers of people, which translated into paid clergy
(Transformation, 125). David E.W. Holden disagrees that new membership was the true catalyst,
because membership did not spike until after the time that the first hireling ministers were
implemented. Instead, he proffers that it was the influence of young Friends and their love for
new styles of worship that instigated the change (Holden, 108). The revival movement was
centered around preaching and styles of programmed worship (such as prayer meetings (Holden,
107)) that required pastors to lead the services. Whatever the initial cause, these two factors
working together served to usher in the acceptance of hireling ministers in most areas. However,
there was great dissent by moderates and traditionalists because having full-time pastoral staff
created a social hierarchy within the church and compromised Friends’ values about the
inclusion of all in leading and ministering. Even some revivalist leaders dissented. The
movement, though, was not slowed (Transformation, 124-130).
3. Christy 3
The third and most divisive question was of the practice of what Friends call the
ordinances, generally known in Protestantism as water baptism and communion. Were these
legitimate practices for Friends? History said no, but they were part and parcel with the worship
style and biblical interpretation of revivalism. When it came, so did an impulse for them,
although it took until the late 1870’s. During this time, some Friends ministers began to be called
by conscience to be baptized (Transformation, 130-131). Their position was a minority, but they
took a strong stance. David Updegraff, from Ohio Yearly Meeting, became the leading voice of
advocacy for acceptance of the ordinances for those whose consciences called them to take part
in them (Sartwell, 38-39). A man of great influence in the yearly meeting, his position was
pushed against strongly not only by moderates, but also by many holiness Friends
(Transformation, 131-135). Hamm argues that the reason water baptism and communion were
not smoothly integrated into Friends practice was not only because of the belief that their
practice was not scripturally mandated, which Updegraff believed, but because the spirituality of
the sacraments was one of the last vestiges of Quaker distinctiveness amidst the many changes
implemented in the wake of the revival movement among Gurneyite Friends. If converts were
being baptized with water, what was the significance of even being called Quaker
(Transformation, 135-136)? Because of the centrality of the issue to Quaker identity, majority
opinion was firmly against freedom to practice the ordinances, except in Ohio Yearly Meeting,
where Updegraff’s influence was strongest. Their opinion was stated, in 1886, to allow the
practice of the ordinances. Some called for a schism, but elderly John Butler, the only highly
influential voice for the moderates, died by the next year, and Ohio Yearly Meeting passed
firmly into the leadership of ordinance-accepting ministers, elders, and clerks (Transformation,
136-137).
4. Christy 4
Controversy about the ordinances and these other matters of change and disagreement
were particularly harsh in Indiana Yearly Meeting. Most scholars agree, along with
commentators of the time, that these controversies were the primary factor in Indiana Yearly
Meeting calling for a conference of Friends yearly meetings on matters of unity. The year was
1887 (Sartwell, 88-89) (Mott, 141). All Orthodox Friends groups in America were invited.
Nearly all attended (Holden, 110). This conference would not only produce the most significant
Quaker statement of faith since Fox’s “Letter to the Governor of Barbados” and Barclay’s
Apology, but also bring about the formation of the Five Years Meeting, the forerunner of today’s
Friends United Meeting.
Despite its centrality to motivating the conference, at the request of Jacob Baker from
Ohio the matter of the ordinances was not discussed explicitly at the Richmond Conference
(Sartwell, 47). This was because, although that matter had caused much of the worst division, all
yearly meetings had already come to conclusions at that point about whether the ordinances
should be permitted, Ohio being the only yearly meeting to accept them. By the time of the
Richmond conference, reestablishing unity going forward was the primary concern.
With this goal in mind, matters of worship, pastoral ministry, and theology were
discussed. After a few days, the conference decided to move toward writing a declaration of faith
that summarized the sense of the conference and could serve as something for all Friends to look
toward in matter of doctrinal concern. This declaration, drafted primarily by Joseph Brathwaite,
an Englishman (Transformation, 137), became known as the Richmond Declaration of Faith. It
was strongly evangelical in tone, reflecting views influenced heavily by the revival movement in
Quakerism. Its statements about the nature of God were quite orthodox and creedal in format.
Justification and sanctification were presented distinctly, although they were inextricably linked,
5. Christy 5
as moderates would have it. Hireling ministry was accepted. The Inner Light was not
emphasized. Water baptism and communion were rejected as outward manifestations which
robbed the richness of their proper spiritual expression (Proceedings, 24-43). All speakers at the
conference were in support of the declaration except Updegraff, on the grounds that all yearly
meetings already had statements of faith, making this one useless unless it was intended to take
away the autonomy of the individual yearly meetings (Sartwell, 46). Surprisingly, Updegraff had
few qualms with the clause about water baptism, since it did not condemn the practice, but
simply stated that it was not instituted by the Lord. Updegraff agreed with this, as he only
advocated that the practice be allowed for those who were called to participate in it (Sartwell,
48).
The general sense of agreement and productivity at the end of the conference sparked
new ideas for the future. William Nicholson proposed that there be triennial meetings of all the
yearly meetings in order to establish more accountability. Such a body would have authority over
the respective yearly meetings present. Updegraff dismissed such a notion as antithetical to
Quaker ideals of autonomy and freedom of conscience. Yet, Nicholson’s suggestion went on to
have a large impact on the face of American Quakerism, as shall be described later
(Transformation, 138) (Sartwell, 89).
In the aftermath of the conference, all the yearly meetings fully represented accepted the
declaration of faith, except Ohio Yearly Meeting (although they did distribute it for reading to
their quarterly meetings, and it can be found in the Evangelical Friends Church-Eastern Region
Faith and Practice today (Sartwell, 90-91)). This was mainly due to the influence of Updegraff
and his suspicion that it would lead to a forfeiture of authority to others by the meeting.
However, his opinion of the conference was positive, and Ohio Yearly Meeting sent him and
6. Christy 6
other delegates back when another conference was held five years later in 1892. Former Malone
President of the Student Body and current George Fox Evangelical Seminary adjunct professor
Richard C. Sartwell claims that this might have been due to the influence of Walter and Emma
Malone, who were supporters of the 1887 conference (Sartwell, 91-92).
By the conference in 1892, and the following one in 1897, the matters of the ordinances
and styles of worship faded into the background. In those years, the moderate-dominant mindset
continued to hold sway over the tone of the conference. Matters of discussion drifted toward
unification and the sharing of authority (Sartwell, 92). There was a general desire to form a body
with a uniform discipline, under which each yearly meeting would sacrifice some authority to the
unit. Rufus Jones was chosen to draft a uniform discipline at the 1897 conference in Indianapolis
(Quakers, 55).
By 1901, all the Gurneyite yearly meetings except Ohio had accepted the uniform
discipline. However, the Malone’s from Cleveland were at least quite open, if not perhaps even
supporting, of Ohio Yearly Meeting including themselves in the unification. Walter Malone was
on the planning committee for the 1902 conference (Sartwell, 93). At the 1902 conference, the
meetings officially became unified under the title of the Five Years Meeting (Quakers, 55) (Mott,
142). Ohio was present, but as visitors only. Despite sensing a state of isolation, Ohio was loath
to unite and sacrifice disciplinary autonomy, or be united with Friends who sometimes had
significantly less evangelical beliefs. Delegates from Ohio were considered for the 1907
conference, but the idea was decided against. The closest Ohio Yearly Meeting ever got to unity
with the Five Years Meeting was putting representatives on the American Friends Board of
Foreign Missions for a few years, one of whom was Emma Malone (Sartwell, 95). When this
7. Christy 7
endeavor ended, so did almost all direct cooperation between Ohio Yearly Meeting and the Five
Years Meeting.
The Five Years Meeting Continues to meet to the present day, now under the name of
Friends United Meeting, or FUM. From its early days though, it did not experience as much
unity as desired, because of the rise of modernism and the disagreement that movement caused
(Quakers, 56) (Mott, 143-144). In 1926, Oregon Yearly Meeting withdrew from the Five Years
Meeting (Mott, 151). Since that time, the group has experienced many splits within its yearly
meetings. Nevertheless, much good work was accomplished early on in the Five Years
Meeting’s existence. The most significant was global missions. In 1902, some of their
missionaries began work in Kenya. Kenya is now home to more Friends than any other nation in
the world. By 1910 they were supporting missionaries in China, India, Mexico, the Caribbean,
and Alaska (Quakers, 56).
The later history of the Five Years Meeting and its successor, FUM, is beyond the scope
of this paper. So is the aftermath of Ohio Yearly Meeting’s isolation from the other Gurneyite
yearly meetings in the US. Ohio followed its own path and its successor, Evangelical Friends
Church-Eastern Region, or EFC-ER, with its current associates in Evangelical Friends
International, is also involved in many world missions and has grown greatly worldwide. The
two Gurneyite Friends bodies of FUM and EFC-ER are now quite distinct, although there have
been some small attempts at cooperation or reunification in recent decades, which have proven
mostly unsuccessful. However, there is communication between individuals from Evangelical
Friends International churches and those from more evangelical FUM yearly meetings. One
personal example I can cite are a few groups from FUM’s Western Yearly Meeting, Indiana
Yearly Meeting, and Iowa Yearly Meeting who were at Friends Summit, a young Friends
8. Christy 8
leadership conference organized by EFI yearly meetings that I and several other Malone alumni
attended last December. I know of one person from EFC-ER who recently took a high position in
Iowa Yearly Meeting, and I have a few personal acquaintances from FUM yearly meetings.
There are many people from each body who have like mindedness with each other in what they
believe and how they think about Quakerism in a modern context. The results of the Richmond
Conference sped along the development of a long-lasting schism between the respective
progenies of Ohio Yearly Meeting and the other Gurneyite yearly meetings, but the narrative is
not all negative in the long run whatsoever, for each body has grown significantly and gone on to
do great things while carrying the banner inscribed ‘Friends’.
This content is from a paper entitled “The Circumstances Leading to the Richmond Conference
and its Relationship to the Origin of the Five Years Meeting, Focusing on the Involvement of
David Updegraff and Ohio Yearly Meeting”, written 8 May, 2015 in ‘HIST 323, The Quakers’,
taught by Dr. Jacci Stuckey Welling at Malone University in Canton, Ohio, USA, and was
presented by the author at EFC-ER Yearly Meeting, At the Friends Heritage Symposium, a
function of Malone University’s Center for Christian Faith and Culture, Malone University, on
17 July, 2015.
9. Christy 9
Works Cited
Hamm, Thomas D. The Quakers in America. New York: Columbia UP, 2003. Print.
Hamm, Thomas D. The Transformation of American Quakerism Orthodox Friends, 1800-1907.
Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1992. Print.
Holden, David E. W. Friends Divided: Conflict and Division in the Society of Friends.
Richmond, Ind.: Friends United, 1988. Print.
Mott, Edward. The Friends Church, in the Light of Its Recent History. Portland, Ore.: Loomis
Print., 1935. Print.
Proceedings, including Declaration of Christian Doctrine: Of the General Conference of
Friends, Held in Richmond, Ind., U.S.A., 1887. Richmond, Ind.: Nicholson & Bro., 1887.
Print.
Sartwell, Richard C. The Influence of Leading Friends in Ohio Yearly Meeting of Friends,
Evangelical, 1854-1919. Richmond: Earlham School of Religion, 1974. Print.