The document discusses foundational theories and perspectives in social work. It defines theory and explains why theories are important for social work practice. Several theories are described, including general systems theory, ecological systems theory, cognitive theories, behavioral theories, attachment theory, and Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Key concepts and assumptions of each theory are provided. The document also discusses right-based, strength-based, and gender-based perspectives in social work and how they frame client issues.
The document discusses six major theoretical perspectives in psychology: evolutionary, cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioral, sociocultural, and humanistic. It explains key aspects of each perspective, such as what they focus on and their views on topics like natural selection, how the mind processes information, the effects of unconscious desires on behavior, the impact of external factors like punishment and reward, social influences, and individual free will. The document also mentions that psychologists may use an eclectic approach combining multiple perspectives to study human behavior.
This document provides an overview of several common social work theories and how they are applied in practice. It discusses theories such as conflict theory, social learning theory, systems theory, transpersonal theory, psycho-social development theory, family life cycle theory, empowerment theory, rational choice theory, and the top 5 social work practice models of cognitive behavioral therapy, crisis intervention, narrative therapy, solution-focused therapy, and task-centered practice. The document aims to explain the key concepts behind these theories and models and how social workers use them to understand clients and address social problems.
This document discusses various theoretical perspectives on human behavior that are relevant for social work professionals. It covers key concepts from different theories like systems theory, conflict theory, rational choice theory, and psychodynamic theory. It also outlines criteria for evaluating theories and discusses how theories can be used to guide social work practice interventions. The document emphasizes that theories provide frameworks for understanding human behavior and that scientific knowledge of theories and research is an important ingredient for doing social work.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior concepts and models. It covers the following key points:
- The introduction defines organizational behavior as the study of human behavior in organizational settings and the interface between human behavior and organizations.
- Foundational concepts of OB include understanding the nature of people and organizations, and how social systems and organizational culture influence behavior.
- Models of OB aim to describe, understand, predict, and control human behavior in organizations.
- Disciplines like psychology, sociology, and social psychology contribute to the knowledge base of OB.
- Approaches to OB include the human resources perspective of supporting employee growth, and contingency approaches that adapt managerial behaviors to different situations.
Anti-oppressive Practices in community and youth work.pptxbongsir
In summary, wisdom voices and practitioner echoes are essential components of antioppressive social work.
wisdom voices and practitioner echoes create a reciprocal and transformative approach to antioppressive social work.
By centering the knowledge and experiences of marginalized individuals and engaging in critical self-reflection, social workers can work towards dismantling oppressive systems and promoting social justice within their practice.
This document discusses sociological theories of aging and successful aging. It covers several key topics:
1. It outlines various social theories of aging like disengagement theory, activity theory, role theory, and life course perspective that examine how social roles and relationships impact the aging process.
2. It discusses definitions of successful aging which consider factors like maintaining health, activity levels, and independence. However, critics note that definitions should be multidimensional and consider socioeconomic factors.
3. The document provides an overview of elderly rights established by the UN including independence, participation, dignity, and access to healthcare and social support as people age.
This document discusses the importance and uses of theory in social work. It provides definitions of key terms like theories of social work, theories for social work, and orienting theories. Theories help social workers by providing descriptions and explanations of human behavior, the social environment, and how change occurs. They guide observation, description, explanation, intervention, and prediction. While some argue that social work is more of an intuitive practice learned through experience, the document supports the idea that theories teach social workers to see people's resources rather than just problems, making practice more professional and efficient when used along with intuition.
Theories of social work — presentation transcriptHassaan Qazi
Theories are important for social workers for several reasons. Theories can help social workers
understand clients and situations, guide practice through providing frameworks and models, and
explain human behavior and how change can be facilitated. There are different types of theories
relevant to social work, including theories about the profession itself, theories from other disciplines
applied to social work, and practice theories that provide guidance on working with clients. While
some argue that social work is more of an intuitive practice learned through experience, most agree
that theories help social workers work in a more informed, accountable, and professional manner.
The document discusses six major theoretical perspectives in psychology: evolutionary, cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioral, sociocultural, and humanistic. It explains key aspects of each perspective, such as what they focus on and their views on topics like natural selection, how the mind processes information, the effects of unconscious desires on behavior, the impact of external factors like punishment and reward, social influences, and individual free will. The document also mentions that psychologists may use an eclectic approach combining multiple perspectives to study human behavior.
This document provides an overview of several common social work theories and how they are applied in practice. It discusses theories such as conflict theory, social learning theory, systems theory, transpersonal theory, psycho-social development theory, family life cycle theory, empowerment theory, rational choice theory, and the top 5 social work practice models of cognitive behavioral therapy, crisis intervention, narrative therapy, solution-focused therapy, and task-centered practice. The document aims to explain the key concepts behind these theories and models and how social workers use them to understand clients and address social problems.
This document discusses various theoretical perspectives on human behavior that are relevant for social work professionals. It covers key concepts from different theories like systems theory, conflict theory, rational choice theory, and psychodynamic theory. It also outlines criteria for evaluating theories and discusses how theories can be used to guide social work practice interventions. The document emphasizes that theories provide frameworks for understanding human behavior and that scientific knowledge of theories and research is an important ingredient for doing social work.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior concepts and models. It covers the following key points:
- The introduction defines organizational behavior as the study of human behavior in organizational settings and the interface between human behavior and organizations.
- Foundational concepts of OB include understanding the nature of people and organizations, and how social systems and organizational culture influence behavior.
- Models of OB aim to describe, understand, predict, and control human behavior in organizations.
- Disciplines like psychology, sociology, and social psychology contribute to the knowledge base of OB.
- Approaches to OB include the human resources perspective of supporting employee growth, and contingency approaches that adapt managerial behaviors to different situations.
Anti-oppressive Practices in community and youth work.pptxbongsir
In summary, wisdom voices and practitioner echoes are essential components of antioppressive social work.
wisdom voices and practitioner echoes create a reciprocal and transformative approach to antioppressive social work.
By centering the knowledge and experiences of marginalized individuals and engaging in critical self-reflection, social workers can work towards dismantling oppressive systems and promoting social justice within their practice.
This document discusses sociological theories of aging and successful aging. It covers several key topics:
1. It outlines various social theories of aging like disengagement theory, activity theory, role theory, and life course perspective that examine how social roles and relationships impact the aging process.
2. It discusses definitions of successful aging which consider factors like maintaining health, activity levels, and independence. However, critics note that definitions should be multidimensional and consider socioeconomic factors.
3. The document provides an overview of elderly rights established by the UN including independence, participation, dignity, and access to healthcare and social support as people age.
This document discusses the importance and uses of theory in social work. It provides definitions of key terms like theories of social work, theories for social work, and orienting theories. Theories help social workers by providing descriptions and explanations of human behavior, the social environment, and how change occurs. They guide observation, description, explanation, intervention, and prediction. While some argue that social work is more of an intuitive practice learned through experience, the document supports the idea that theories teach social workers to see people's resources rather than just problems, making practice more professional and efficient when used along with intuition.
Theories of social work — presentation transcriptHassaan Qazi
Theories are important for social workers for several reasons. Theories can help social workers
understand clients and situations, guide practice through providing frameworks and models, and
explain human behavior and how change can be facilitated. There are different types of theories
relevant to social work, including theories about the profession itself, theories from other disciplines
applied to social work, and practice theories that provide guidance on working with clients. While
some argue that social work is more of an intuitive practice learned through experience, most agree
that theories help social workers work in a more informed, accountable, and professional manner.
The document discusses various aspects of social work theory, including:
1. Social work theory can be used to guide observation, description, explanation, prediction, and intervention in social work practice. Understanding theory is important for accountability, avoiding discrimination, and making sense of complexity.
2. There are different types of social work theory, including theories about social work, theories of social work, theories contributing to social work, and theories of social work practice.
3. Teaching social work students about theories helps provide a framework for understanding human behavior and social problems, different approaches to social work practice, and the role and purpose of social work in society. However, some argue that social work is also an intuitive practice informed
This document discusses theories in social work and their importance. It makes the following key points:
1. Theories help social workers understand human behavior and social problems, as well as guide effective practice interventions. They provide frameworks to make sense of issues and assess options.
2. There are different types of theories relevant to social work, from macro theories of society to micro theories of individual behavior. Theories can explain behavior, structure practice, and conceptualize the client's world.
3. Teaching theories to social workers is important for refining practice, advancing knowledge, and building upon practice experience. Theories need to be selected and taught rationally and coherently to provide useful insights for social work.
This document discusses the topic of ethics. It begins by defining ethics as the empirical study of moral decisions and what is morally right and wrong. It then lists the learning objectives of understanding the definition, nature, and importance of ethics. For what is ethics, it describes ethics as derived from the Greek word for character or attitude and involving critical analysis of human actions and intent. It distinguishes between normative ethics, which examines what people should do, and meta-ethics, which examines the meaning and interpretation of morality. The document emphasizes the importance of ethics for determining right from wrong and making rational decisions that consider both personal and social responsibilities and obligations. It stresses establishing good moral character through virtues like intelligence and justice.
The document discusses several dominant approaches in the social sciences including:
1) Microlevel approaches like rational choice theory and symbolic interactionism that focus on individual behavior.
2) Macrolevel approaches like structural functionalism and institutionalism that examine larger social systems and structures.
3) Interdisciplinary approaches such as the human-environment system that integrate ideas across fields.
It then provides more details on specific theories under the microlevel and macrolevel categories.
This document discusses several dominant approaches and ideas in the social sciences. It outlines microlevel approaches like rational choice theory and symbolic interactionism, which focus on individual behavior and decision-making. It also discusses macrolevel approaches like structural functionalism and institutionalism, which examine larger social systems and structures. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability. Institutionalism studies how formal and informal institutions influence social behavior by constraining and empowering individuals. The document provides overviews of the key concepts and premises of these different theoretical perspectives in social science.
Social judgment theory describes how people judge messages based on their existing attitudes. When people receive a message, they determine if it is similar enough to their existing views to accept, or far enough away to reject. If a message falls in between these extremes, it may persuade the recipient to change their attitude. Social judgment theory was developed in the 1960s by Muzafer Sherif and Carl Hovland to explain persuasion and attitude change. It holds that people evaluate messages in relation to their own "latitude of acceptance" and "latitude of rejection" on a given issue.
Characteristics of organization developmentrajeswaribalu
Organizational development (OD) is a systematic process used to improve an organization's culture, systems, and employee behaviors. It aims to solve organizational problems and achieve objectives through planned changes. OD focuses on elements like norms, values, attitudes, and relationships. It uses methods like sensitivity training and is led by both internal and external change agents working collaboratively. The goals of OD include improved conflict resolution, understanding, and leadership over the long term.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior concepts. It discusses how organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior in organizations and draws from various disciplines like psychology and sociology. Key topics covered include the nature of people and organizations, forces that influence organizations like people, structure, technology and environment. Models of organizational behavior are presented as well as concepts like social systems, organizational culture, and approaches to OB like human resources-oriented and contingency approaches. Challenges to OB like seeking quick fixes and varying environments are also discussed. The document emphasizes that organizations are complex social systems and understanding human behavior is important for effective management.
The document discusses the objectives, concepts, and key terms related to professional ethics in engineering. It aims to understand the moral values that should guide the engineering profession, resolve moral issues, and justify moral judgments. It defines concepts like morals, morality, ethics, integrity, work ethics, service learning, virtues, and civic virtues. It explains the differences between morals and ethics. It also discusses the types of values, including the five core human values of right conduct, peace, truth, love, and nonviolence. The document provides details on these concepts to establish a framework for understanding professional ethics.
This document discusses different models of individual behavior:
1. The rational economic man model views individuals as motivated primarily by economic incentives. It assumes human behavior can be controlled through incentives and rewards.
2. The social man model recognizes that individuals are motivated by social needs to belong and maintain relationships. It emphasizes that individuals are influenced by their social groups.
3. The organizational man model builds on the social man model, assuming individuals should sacrifice their individual interests for the benefit of their organization. It believes managing individual interests through group belongingness can reduce conflicts.
4. The self-actualizing man model sees individuals as inherently wanting to use their skills and capabilities to create things, rather than just belonging to social groups
This document discusses different models of individual behavior:
1. The rational economic man model views individuals as motivated primarily by economic incentives. It assumes human behavior can be controlled through incentives and is based on classical organization theory.
2. The social man model recognizes that individuals are motivated by social needs and influenced by social groups. It was developed based on findings from the Hawthorne studies.
3. The organizational man model extends the social man model, emphasizing loyalty to the organization and cooperation with others. It assumes individual interests should be sacrificed for the group and organization.
This document discusses social science and applied social science. It defines social science as the study of society and human behavior. The goals of social science are to answer questions about society and improve the human condition. Some basic social science disciplines discussed include anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, psychology, sociology, demographics, and political science. Applied social science uses theories and methods from basic social sciences to understand society and address real-world problems. The three applied social sciences covered are communication, social work, and counseling. Counseling aims to empower people to achieve goals by helping them make changes through a relationship using psychological theories and communication skills. Counseling is considered an applied social science discipline because it relies on social sciences
Overview of Theories of Human Behavior & the Social Environment by: K. Setter...Jonathan Underwood
The document provides an overview of several theories of human behavior and their application to social work practice, including systems theory, behaviorism/social learning theory, psychodynamic theory, psychosocial developmental theory, and others. For each theory, a brief description is given of its focus, key concepts regarding human behavior, influential theorists, potential practice applications, and example practice interventions. The theories presented provide different frameworks for understanding human behavior on micro, meso, and macro levels in order to enhance social work assessments and guide practice interventions.
This document provides an overview of sociology and key concepts in the field. It discusses the founders of sociology like Auguste Comte and their contributions. It also summarizes major sociological theories including functionalism, conflict theory, and interpretive theory. Additionally, it outlines common research methods used in sociology such as observation, surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis.
- This paper was just the answers for midterm exam of 2014 IMBA class.
- Depends on the below questions the paper was submitted on 2014 Dec 13, to the Lecturer of the class named "Organizational Behavior and Leadership".
- And I thank to all of the respective persons too.
Four Questions!
(1) Why does a person enter to an organization? What does he/she want from their job?
(2) Analyze Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and its relevance to managing a multicultural environment in organizations. Why should managers need to understand these cultural values for successful performance in the workplace?
(3) Motivate and retrain employees in the organization are essential, choose one motivation theory that you think managers should adopt in the organization for motivation and retaining their employees in the organization?
(4) As discussed in the classroom, losing face is critical for the Thai people, how should manager give negative feedback in the workplace?
The document discusses James Kelly's ecological approach to mental health and community psychology. The key points are:
1. Kelly viewed problems as arising from faulty adaptation to one's environment rather than individual deficiencies alone. He stressed understanding the social contexts in which people function.
2. An ecological perspective means community psychologists must learn about the communities they work with and see human activity as situated within socio-historical and cultural contexts of relationships.
3. Kelly proposed four principles from biological ecology - interdependence, distribution of resources, adaptation, and succession - to guide assessment of natural social environments.
This document discusses social responsibility and ethics. It defines social responsibility as an obligation of individuals and organizations to benefit society. Social responsibility pertains to actions that impact the environment and work towards sustainability. The document also outlines ISO 26000 guidance which defines social responsibility and its seven core subjects. It provides a brief history of social responsibility, referencing views from Milton Friedman and John Elkington. Additionally, it defines ethics as concerning right and wrong, and explores areas of ethical theories including meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. The document notes that while ethics provides tools for moral issues, human behavior is not always rational.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior (OB). It discusses that OB investigates how individuals, groups, and organizational structure impact behavior in organizations in order to improve effectiveness. It outlines the foundations of OB including individual differences, treating people with dignity, and the need for management. It also discusses the interdisciplinary influences on OB from fields like psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, economics, engineering, and medicine. The document outlines the scope of OB at the individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. It concludes by discussing the importance of OB in addressing challenges like diversity, innovation, and ethics.
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES.pptxJoelMacuray1
The document discusses the discipline of counseling. It defines counseling as a relationship that applies psychological theories and communication skills to help clients with personal concerns, problems, or goals. Counseling aims to guide clients through life decisions and challenges by helping them understand themselves and explore options. The context of counseling, including factors like culture, family, peers and environment, greatly influences the process and outcomes. A successful counseling relationship considers the client, counselor and counseling process itself. The core values of counseling include respect, partnership, autonomy, caring and integrity.
This document discusses organizational culture at multiple levels. It defines culture as shared values, assumptions, and beliefs that influence member behavior. Culture is reflected in artifacts, rituals, and underlying assumptions. Values and climate are also discussed as levels of culture. Climate represents how members experience an organization's culture. Several theories on organizational culture are presented, including Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, which identifies power distance and individualism vs. collectivism as key dimensions. Schein's model of organizational culture identifies artifacts, values, and underlying assumptions as levels that comprise an organization's culture.
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The document discusses various aspects of social work theory, including:
1. Social work theory can be used to guide observation, description, explanation, prediction, and intervention in social work practice. Understanding theory is important for accountability, avoiding discrimination, and making sense of complexity.
2. There are different types of social work theory, including theories about social work, theories of social work, theories contributing to social work, and theories of social work practice.
3. Teaching social work students about theories helps provide a framework for understanding human behavior and social problems, different approaches to social work practice, and the role and purpose of social work in society. However, some argue that social work is also an intuitive practice informed
This document discusses theories in social work and their importance. It makes the following key points:
1. Theories help social workers understand human behavior and social problems, as well as guide effective practice interventions. They provide frameworks to make sense of issues and assess options.
2. There are different types of theories relevant to social work, from macro theories of society to micro theories of individual behavior. Theories can explain behavior, structure practice, and conceptualize the client's world.
3. Teaching theories to social workers is important for refining practice, advancing knowledge, and building upon practice experience. Theories need to be selected and taught rationally and coherently to provide useful insights for social work.
This document discusses the topic of ethics. It begins by defining ethics as the empirical study of moral decisions and what is morally right and wrong. It then lists the learning objectives of understanding the definition, nature, and importance of ethics. For what is ethics, it describes ethics as derived from the Greek word for character or attitude and involving critical analysis of human actions and intent. It distinguishes between normative ethics, which examines what people should do, and meta-ethics, which examines the meaning and interpretation of morality. The document emphasizes the importance of ethics for determining right from wrong and making rational decisions that consider both personal and social responsibilities and obligations. It stresses establishing good moral character through virtues like intelligence and justice.
The document discusses several dominant approaches in the social sciences including:
1) Microlevel approaches like rational choice theory and symbolic interactionism that focus on individual behavior.
2) Macrolevel approaches like structural functionalism and institutionalism that examine larger social systems and structures.
3) Interdisciplinary approaches such as the human-environment system that integrate ideas across fields.
It then provides more details on specific theories under the microlevel and macrolevel categories.
This document discusses several dominant approaches and ideas in the social sciences. It outlines microlevel approaches like rational choice theory and symbolic interactionism, which focus on individual behavior and decision-making. It also discusses macrolevel approaches like structural functionalism and institutionalism, which examine larger social systems and structures. Structural functionalism views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability. Institutionalism studies how formal and informal institutions influence social behavior by constraining and empowering individuals. The document provides overviews of the key concepts and premises of these different theoretical perspectives in social science.
Social judgment theory describes how people judge messages based on their existing attitudes. When people receive a message, they determine if it is similar enough to their existing views to accept, or far enough away to reject. If a message falls in between these extremes, it may persuade the recipient to change their attitude. Social judgment theory was developed in the 1960s by Muzafer Sherif and Carl Hovland to explain persuasion and attitude change. It holds that people evaluate messages in relation to their own "latitude of acceptance" and "latitude of rejection" on a given issue.
Characteristics of organization developmentrajeswaribalu
Organizational development (OD) is a systematic process used to improve an organization's culture, systems, and employee behaviors. It aims to solve organizational problems and achieve objectives through planned changes. OD focuses on elements like norms, values, attitudes, and relationships. It uses methods like sensitivity training and is led by both internal and external change agents working collaboratively. The goals of OD include improved conflict resolution, understanding, and leadership over the long term.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior concepts. It discusses how organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior in organizations and draws from various disciplines like psychology and sociology. Key topics covered include the nature of people and organizations, forces that influence organizations like people, structure, technology and environment. Models of organizational behavior are presented as well as concepts like social systems, organizational culture, and approaches to OB like human resources-oriented and contingency approaches. Challenges to OB like seeking quick fixes and varying environments are also discussed. The document emphasizes that organizations are complex social systems and understanding human behavior is important for effective management.
The document discusses the objectives, concepts, and key terms related to professional ethics in engineering. It aims to understand the moral values that should guide the engineering profession, resolve moral issues, and justify moral judgments. It defines concepts like morals, morality, ethics, integrity, work ethics, service learning, virtues, and civic virtues. It explains the differences between morals and ethics. It also discusses the types of values, including the five core human values of right conduct, peace, truth, love, and nonviolence. The document provides details on these concepts to establish a framework for understanding professional ethics.
This document discusses different models of individual behavior:
1. The rational economic man model views individuals as motivated primarily by economic incentives. It assumes human behavior can be controlled through incentives and rewards.
2. The social man model recognizes that individuals are motivated by social needs to belong and maintain relationships. It emphasizes that individuals are influenced by their social groups.
3. The organizational man model builds on the social man model, assuming individuals should sacrifice their individual interests for the benefit of their organization. It believes managing individual interests through group belongingness can reduce conflicts.
4. The self-actualizing man model sees individuals as inherently wanting to use their skills and capabilities to create things, rather than just belonging to social groups
This document discusses different models of individual behavior:
1. The rational economic man model views individuals as motivated primarily by economic incentives. It assumes human behavior can be controlled through incentives and is based on classical organization theory.
2. The social man model recognizes that individuals are motivated by social needs and influenced by social groups. It was developed based on findings from the Hawthorne studies.
3. The organizational man model extends the social man model, emphasizing loyalty to the organization and cooperation with others. It assumes individual interests should be sacrificed for the group and organization.
This document discusses social science and applied social science. It defines social science as the study of society and human behavior. The goals of social science are to answer questions about society and improve the human condition. Some basic social science disciplines discussed include anthropology, economics, geography, history, linguistics, psychology, sociology, demographics, and political science. Applied social science uses theories and methods from basic social sciences to understand society and address real-world problems. The three applied social sciences covered are communication, social work, and counseling. Counseling aims to empower people to achieve goals by helping them make changes through a relationship using psychological theories and communication skills. Counseling is considered an applied social science discipline because it relies on social sciences
Overview of Theories of Human Behavior & the Social Environment by: K. Setter...Jonathan Underwood
The document provides an overview of several theories of human behavior and their application to social work practice, including systems theory, behaviorism/social learning theory, psychodynamic theory, psychosocial developmental theory, and others. For each theory, a brief description is given of its focus, key concepts regarding human behavior, influential theorists, potential practice applications, and example practice interventions. The theories presented provide different frameworks for understanding human behavior on micro, meso, and macro levels in order to enhance social work assessments and guide practice interventions.
This document provides an overview of sociology and key concepts in the field. It discusses the founders of sociology like Auguste Comte and their contributions. It also summarizes major sociological theories including functionalism, conflict theory, and interpretive theory. Additionally, it outlines common research methods used in sociology such as observation, surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis.
- This paper was just the answers for midterm exam of 2014 IMBA class.
- Depends on the below questions the paper was submitted on 2014 Dec 13, to the Lecturer of the class named "Organizational Behavior and Leadership".
- And I thank to all of the respective persons too.
Four Questions!
(1) Why does a person enter to an organization? What does he/she want from their job?
(2) Analyze Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and its relevance to managing a multicultural environment in organizations. Why should managers need to understand these cultural values for successful performance in the workplace?
(3) Motivate and retrain employees in the organization are essential, choose one motivation theory that you think managers should adopt in the organization for motivation and retaining their employees in the organization?
(4) As discussed in the classroom, losing face is critical for the Thai people, how should manager give negative feedback in the workplace?
The document discusses James Kelly's ecological approach to mental health and community psychology. The key points are:
1. Kelly viewed problems as arising from faulty adaptation to one's environment rather than individual deficiencies alone. He stressed understanding the social contexts in which people function.
2. An ecological perspective means community psychologists must learn about the communities they work with and see human activity as situated within socio-historical and cultural contexts of relationships.
3. Kelly proposed four principles from biological ecology - interdependence, distribution of resources, adaptation, and succession - to guide assessment of natural social environments.
This document discusses social responsibility and ethics. It defines social responsibility as an obligation of individuals and organizations to benefit society. Social responsibility pertains to actions that impact the environment and work towards sustainability. The document also outlines ISO 26000 guidance which defines social responsibility and its seven core subjects. It provides a brief history of social responsibility, referencing views from Milton Friedman and John Elkington. Additionally, it defines ethics as concerning right and wrong, and explores areas of ethical theories including meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. The document notes that while ethics provides tools for moral issues, human behavior is not always rational.
This document provides an overview of organizational behavior (OB). It discusses that OB investigates how individuals, groups, and organizational structure impact behavior in organizations in order to improve effectiveness. It outlines the foundations of OB including individual differences, treating people with dignity, and the need for management. It also discusses the interdisciplinary influences on OB from fields like psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, economics, engineering, and medicine. The document outlines the scope of OB at the individual, interpersonal, and organizational levels. It concludes by discussing the importance of OB in addressing challenges like diversity, innovation, and ethics.
DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES.pptxJoelMacuray1
The document discusses the discipline of counseling. It defines counseling as a relationship that applies psychological theories and communication skills to help clients with personal concerns, problems, or goals. Counseling aims to guide clients through life decisions and challenges by helping them understand themselves and explore options. The context of counseling, including factors like culture, family, peers and environment, greatly influences the process and outcomes. A successful counseling relationship considers the client, counselor and counseling process itself. The core values of counseling include respect, partnership, autonomy, caring and integrity.
This document discusses organizational culture at multiple levels. It defines culture as shared values, assumptions, and beliefs that influence member behavior. Culture is reflected in artifacts, rituals, and underlying assumptions. Values and climate are also discussed as levels of culture. Climate represents how members experience an organization's culture. Several theories on organizational culture are presented, including Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, which identifies power distance and individualism vs. collectivism as key dimensions. Schein's model of organizational culture identifies artifacts, values, and underlying assumptions as levels that comprise an organization's culture.
Similar to Foundational Theories and Perspectives edited2.pptx (20)
3. Theory
• A general statement about the
real world whose essential truth
can be supported by evidence
obtained through the scientific
method.
4. Why do we need THEORIES in
social work?
• Social workers feel more safe
and more competent in their
practice, reduces feelings of
helplessness and fear of
unknown.
• In order to see the beauty of one
theory, it’s important to learn
about many theories. This is how
we can prevent making an
ideology out of one theory.
5. Why do we need THEORIES in
social work?
• For social workers, theory is important
because it teaches social workers how
to perceive people through their
resources, not to classify them
according to their problems…it’s a shift
from CONTROL to HELP.
• The more social workers use theories,
less they use intuition, it makes social
work practice more professional and
efficient.
7. A. General Systems Theory
This theory highlights
the interdependence of
things forming a
system.
8. General Systems Theory
Macro Systems
Communities and
Organizations
Mezzo Systems
Groups and
Networks
Microsystem
Individual or
Family
System - is an organized whole made up of components
that interact in a way distinct from their interaction with
other entities and which endures over some period of
time. Compton, B.R. and Gallaway, B. (2005)
9. General Systems Theory
• Systems are characterized
by stability thus change is
always accompanied by as
degree of disequilibrium
or imbalance. …
10. General Systems Theory
• It has been developed further
to explain specific dynamics
like that family systems.
• The Genogram is a helpful tool
in assessing the family
structure, boundaries, rules
and family interaction patterns.
McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R. &
Shellenberg, S. (1999).
11. B. Ecological Systems Theory
• This theory focuses on the
interplay between
intrapersonal, interpersonal,
and environmental systems
– their geographic space,
socio-cultural environment or
situation.
12. Assumptions of ecosystems
perspective:(Pillari, V. (2002)
• There is an underlying general order in the world.
• Social ordering is a constant and dynamic process.
• All human social behavior is purposive.
• All forms of organizations are greater than the sum of
their parts.
• Well-being is the natural state of all human social
organization.
• All forms of social organization can be characterized
and studied as social systems.
• The social relationship is the fundamental unit of all
social systems.
• The helping process seen in professional social work is
the formalization of a natural social process.
13. C. Cognitive Theories
• Considered the broader category of
human development theories.
• state that people can be taught to do
so. This is because they are capable of
rational thought which guides their
actions.
• They can develop patterns of thinking
and behavior through habit, but these
can be adjusted as people acquire new
information.
14. D. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
• Covers ideas how human
actions and emotions
developed, are sustained,
and are extinguished
through principles of
learning. Walsh (2010).
15. The basic principles and assumptions of
behavior theory (Gambrill (1994), Wilson (2000) and
Wodarski & Bagarozzsi (1979) as cited in Brandell (2011) and Walsh
(2010):
• Behavior is what a person does,
thinks, or feels that can be
observed.
• People are motivated by nature
to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
They are likely to behave in ways
that produce encouraging
responses or positive
reinforcement
16. The basic principles and assumptions of
behavior theory:
• People behave based on their
learning, by direct environmental
feedback, and also by watching
others behave and interact.
• Behavior is amenable to change.
• Intervention should focus on
influencing reinforcements or
punishment for client behaviors.
Consistent and immediate
reinforcements produces change
most rapidly.
17. The basic principles and assumptions of
behavior theory:
• Thoughts and feelings are
behaviors subject to reinforcement
principles.
• The simplest explanations for
behavior are preferred.
18. E. Attachment Theory
• Is a psychological, evolutionary and
ethological theory concerning
relationships between humans. The
most important tenet is that young
children need to develop a
relationship with at least one primary
caregiver for normal social and
emotional development.
19. E. Attachment Theory
• This relevance of the attachment
theory is clearly seen in disaster
situations where the grief and loss
experienced by the person is
proportional to the degree of
attachment she has to the people or
things she has lost. (Brandell, 2011)
20. The basic concepts regarding
“attachment” are the following (8
Bowlby (1980) in Walsh (2010) and Brandell (2011):
• Attachment is an enduring
affectional relations or bond
associated with significant
objects.
• It resulted from the human need
for safety and security that are
both required to support physical
and psychological development.
21. The basic concepts regarding
“attachment” are the following:
• People generally develop
attachment (thus want to be
close) to those who show
concern for them
• When attachment is threatened
or lost, intense feeling of distress
result. These include anger,
protest, depression, anxiety, and
eventual detachment.
22. Regarding LOSS -
• Loss is experienced in all stages of the
individual and family cycles.
• Loss is understood and resolved in many
different ways, dependent of many factors such
as personality, age and life stage, social
support, previous loss experience, and
circumstances related to the loss will influence
the mourner’s experience.
• The nature of the loss like loss, its symbolic
meaning to the mourner, whether it is expected
or unexpected, normative or non-normative, are
important factors contributing to the loss
experiences. (Smith & Segal (2011) and Smead (1994) as cited in
Walsh (2010) and Brandell (2011)
23. Regarding LOSS -
• The resolution of a loss can
occur once the person – (i) is
able to modify his or her internal
world (ii) concedes that external
world has changed, and (iii)
redirects attachment behavior to
others in the environment. (Bowlby
(1980) as cited in Walsh (2010) and Brandell (2011)
24. F. Sikolohiyang Pilipino
• Is concerned with both the science
and art of psychology which
embodies the systematic and
scientific study, appreciation and
application of indigenous
knowledge for, of and by the
Filipinos of their own psychological
make-up, society and culture, rooted
in their historical past, ethnic
diversity an the dynamic interaction.
25. An Analytical Framework: Indigenous Philippine Values
Structure and Correlated Behavior Patterns at Surface,
Core, and Societal Level
Colonial
Accommodative
Surface Value
Hiya
(propriety/dignity)
Utang na loob
(gratitude/solidarity)
Pakikisama
(companionship/est
eem)
Associated
Behavior Pattern
Biro (Joke) Lambing
(Sweetness)
Tampo
(affective/disappoin
tment)
Confrontative
Surface Values
Bahala Na
(Determination)
Lakas ng loob
(guts/resentment)
Pakikibaka
(resistance)
Pivotal
Interpersonal
Value
Pakiramdam
(Pakikipagkapwa
tao) (Shared inner
perceptions)
Core Value Kapwa (Pagkatao)
(Shared Identity)
Linking socio
personal value
Kagandahang loob
(Pagkamakatao)
(Shared humanity)
Associated
societal values
Karangalan
(Dignity)
Katarungan (Justice) Kalayaan
(Freedom)
Reductionist/Funct
ional Interpretation
Social Acceptance Social Equity Social Mobility
26. F. Sikolohiyang Pilipino
• According to Enriquez, Sikolohiyang
Pilipino takes into the account the
study of emotions and experienced
knowledge (kalooban at
kamalayan), awareness of one’s
surroundings (ulirat), information
and understanding (isip), habits and
behavior (diwa), and the soul
(kaluluwa) which is the way to
learning about people’s conscience.
27. As an aspiring social workers, we
must understand its limitations:
• Recognize that no single
theory can explain everything.
When a person engages in an
action (or inaction), the reason
for their behavior can be
rooted in a range of causes or
motives.
28. As an aspiring social workers, we
must understand its limitations:
• Related to the first point,
recognize that some
theoretical approaches just
don’t work with some people.
For other people, it leaves
them cold.
29. As an aspiring social workers, we
must understand its limitations:
• Always apply the value base to
theory – much of the theory used in
social care practice and social work
is drawn from outside the profession.
Theory may have its roots in
education, psychology, and
management. As such, it may not
incorporate social work values, and
you should take responsibility for
applying these.
32. A. Right-based Perspectives
• The perspective is rooted in the idea
that the human rights are
universal, inherent, and
inalienable to all people
regardless of their age, socio-
economic class, gender, ethnicity,
and other affiliations. This being so,
people have a claim to certain
standards pertaining to the quality
of their life.
33. A. Right-based Perspectives
• Social workers frame the problem
not in terms of the personal
deficiencies of the client or her
situation (thereby “worthy” of
intervention), rather in terms of
rights that are not being fulfilled
in the person’s situation. That a
human right is violated, thus,
already justification for
intervention.
34. A. Right-based Perspectives
• Example: For Children’s rights -
UN Convention on the Rights of
the Child, R.A. 9231 Prohibition
Against the Worst Form of
Child Labor, R. A. 9344
Juvenile Justice and Welfare
Act, R. A. 9262 Anti-Violence
against Women and Children
Act
35. A. Right-based Perspectives
• 1987 Philippine
Constitution contain the
bills of rights which applies
to all people in the country.
36. B. Strength-based Perspectives
• Clients are viewed to possess
inherent strengths and resources
which can help them resolve their
issues. These strengths and
resources include broad range of the
things that can motivate the clients
and move them to action of
healing such as material’s assets,
client’s support networks, disposition
and attitudes, and aspirations.
37. B. Strength-based Perspectives
• The possibilities and
capacity of clients for
change and develop
themselves are also part
of their strengths.
38. B. Strength-based Perspectives
• The strength-based
perspective reflects respect for
the inherent worth and dignity
of clients.
• Similar to the right-based
perspective, it also moves
away from regarding clients as
objects of charity, or
someone to be pitied.
39. B. Strength-based Perspectives
• In emphasizing client
strengths, the social work
process empowers people to
take confidence in themselves so
that they take an active role in
assessing and planning for the
assistance they need, rather
than becoming passive
consumers of services being
offered.
40. C. Gender-based Perspectives
• It highlights the diversity of
people’s identities as gender, as
well as how gender shape
people’s social environment.
• Gender-based perspectives are
particularly helpful in assessing
the differential access of female
and males to resources and
power in their families or in
society.
41. C. Gender-based Perspectives
• It is generally held that females
more than males experience
gender-based discrimination and
violence because they are regarded
as the “weaker” sex, thus being
female is considered a risk factor
especially in disaster situations
characterized by wide-scale
breakdown of social structures and
norms.
42. C. Gender-based Perspectives
• Gender-based
discrimination can also
happen even in well-
meaning interventions
when helping agencies
assume that the needs of
family members are the
same.
43. C. Gender-based Perspectives
• For example, the commonly
omitted sanitary packs in relief.
Menstruation is a biological
function specific to adolescent
girls and women. Sanitary packs
are important as they address an
essential biological need of
women and girls, in as much as
food and water also address a
basic need of people in general.
Editor's Notes
– Must explain in a provable way why something happens. Ex. Learning theory explains behavior on the basis of what organisms have learned from the environment.
Theory, together with intuition is a way to develop personal style of professional practice….without theory, just with intuition, social workers would feel like a puppet on strings.
To achieve equilibrium, systems should have clear but not rigid boundaries. It should be able to accept change yet keep distinct identity. Brandell (2011)
Rigid (limited) THEM, COPING UP WITH THE CHANGES
Understanding the family as a microsystem is helpful in assessing the family structure, boundaries, rules and family interaction patterns as well as developmental stages of each member and the client’s existing support and challenges within the immediate social environment.
Underlies the current status of the client….Genogram - refers to a diagram illustrating a person's family members, how they are related, and their medical history. The genogram allows the patient to see hereditary patterns of behavior and medical and psychological factors that run through families.
Extinguished – put an end to
1. What the person does, thinks and feels is how he/she behaves. 2. Sad truth – They behave as to where they will be praised – to seek approval and acceptance of their environment. 3.
What they learn from their environment is how they behave. They tend to imitate others behavior or not change their behavior to mend with others . Example sa bata
Resolution 9resolve Concede – accept, admit
- Logical Background of the Origin of the Filipino’s Behavior
Cold- unsympathetic
Cold- unsympathetic
A way of perceiving the world flows from a value position.
NOTE: The perspective will influence choice of theory and model.
NOTE: Malcolm Payne (1997) argues that social work theory succeeds best when it contains all three elements of perspective, theory and model.