Finance Talks Interpreting Finance and Accounting Terminology.pdf
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BBA 3301, Financial Management 1 UNIT I STUDY GUIDE .docx
BBA 3301, Financial Management 1
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Foundations and Background of
Finance
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the nature of financial assets (securities) and financial markets.
2. Explain the role of financial management in corporations and its
relationship to accounting information and economic theory.
3. Contrast the forms of business organization.
4. Analyze the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth, agency theory and
conflicts of interest.
5. Assess basic accounting information and data used in financial decision
making.
6. Apply federal taxes in calculations.
Written Lecture
Welcome to BBA 3301! In this class you will study corporate finance and be
exposed to many tools and techniques used in managerial financial decisions.
As you work through the class, you will note that much of the course applies to
“real world” situations. Whether it is planning your retirement, purchasing
insurance or obtaining a loan, finance is everywhere. Enjoy the class!
Finance involves many different areas including investments, financial markets,
and corporate financial decision making. Corporate finance includes the
management and control of money and money-related operations within a
business.
In each of these areas, different types of assets are sold, purchased or
exchanged. There are two primary classes of assets:
Real assets: tangible or physical assets that can be used in production
of a good or service, or possibly have intrinsic value in trade.
Financial assets: represent a claim to some future income. Examples
include financial securities, insurance contracts, and derivative
instruments. Financial assets, such as bonds and stocks issued by
corporations to raise money are bought by investors in financial markets.
Financial markets are exchanges or organizations in which people can
buy/sell securities.
Often corporations use financial markets to attract capital (money) from
investors. There are three primary ways by which corporations finance their
budgets and future growth:
Issuing stock: equity financing
Borrowing money: debt financing
Internal financing: retaining earnings
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 1:
Foundations
Chapter 2:
Financial Background: A
Review of Accounting,
Financial Statements, and
Taxes
Supplemental
Reading
See information below.
Learning Activities
(Non-Graded)
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Agency
2. Assets
3. Capital gains tax
4. Corporation
5. Financial asset
6. Financial markets
7. Financial statements
(balance sheet,
income statement &
statement of cash
flows)
8. Financing (sources of
capital)
9. Income tax
10. Liabilities
11. Partnership
12. Proprietorship
13. Real asset
BBA 3301, Financial Management 2
14. Securities
15. Stakeholders
Investors buy securities for the future cash flows ...
Intro to Financial Management
This is the intro session to Financial Management course for Master students at the Geneva Business School
chapter 1Introduction to Accounting Learning Goals.docx
chapter 1
Introduction to Accounting
Learning Goals
• Develop a general understanding of alternative forms of business entities.
• Differentiate between financial and managerial accounting.
• Acquire knowledge about the conceptual underpinnings of accounting.
• Learn the fundamental accounting equation and the impact of transactions.
• Discover alternative career paths within the accounting profession.
Copyright Barbara Chase/Corbis/AP Images
waL80144_01_c01_001-026.indd 1 8/29/12 2:43 PM
2
CHAPTER 1Chapter Outline
Chapter Outline
1.1 Entity Concepts
1.2 The Language of Business
Disciplines of Accounting
Financial Accounting
1.3 Key Concepts
1.4 The Financial Reporting Model
Sources of Capital
Comprehensive Illustration
Statement of Cash Flows: A Fourth Financial Statement
1.5 Usefulness of Accounting in Careers and Life
1.6 The Importance of Ethics
The stereotypical accountant is characterized as a boring number cruncher, charged with maintaining the books and accounts of a business. This image may be traced
back to the 1843 book by Charles Dickens entitled A Christmas Carol. In that tale, Ebene-
zer Scrooge is a penny-pinching miser who cares nothing for the people around him. His
sole purpose is making money, and his trusted but suffering accountant is Bob Cratchit,
who painstakingly tracks every penny. Mr. Scrooge eventually sees the light, but that’s
another story.
Today’s accountant is also another story. The mundane aspects of accounting are now
largely accomplished by sophisticated computer software. For small businesses, the soft-
ware may reside on a simple personal computer. Larger businesses may use elaborate
enterprise resource packages that integrate accounting with all other aspects of managing
the business. Such complex business systems may be maintained internally by a specific
business or be contracted for through a third-party “cloud computing” service provider.
The changed environment has redefined what it means to be an accountant. Although
accountants certainly need to have comprehensive understanding of the fundamental
practices, rules, and procedures constituting the foundation of accounting, they are often-
times more focused on broader measurement, reporting, and managerial tasks. Less time
is spent on data capture, and more time is devoted to analyzing information and helping
with sound business decisions.
Furthermore, to understand and monitor results produced by sophisticated information
systems, accountants need to be knowledgeable and vigilant. If their organizations solely
rely on the data produced by their computers, decision making can be quickly handi-
capped by erroneous output. The accountant must have a keen “forensic” eye to make
sure that reported information is logical and correct. Indeed, the role of accounting has
grown more complex, and with that, the value of the accountant has increased. A large
proportion of business leaders start out as accountant ...
What are the basic concepts of accounting (1)
1. *Double-Entry Bookkeeping*: The fundamental principle of accounting is the double-entry bookkeeping system. This system requires every transaction to have two equal and opposite effects on the financial position of a company. Each transaction is recorded in at least two accounts: a debit and a credit. Debits represent assets and expenses, while credits represent liabilities, equity, and income. The accounting equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity, is a direct result of the double-entry bookkeeping system.
2. *The Accounting Equation*: As mentioned earlier, the accounting equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity, represents the basic relationship between the resources owned by a company (assets), the claims against those resources by creditors (liabilities), and the claims by the owners (equity). This equation is the foundation of the balance sheet and helps maintain the balance of financial records.
3. *Financial Statements*: Financial statements are the end products of the accounting process, presenting the financial performance and position of a company. The three primary financial statements are:
- *Balance Sheet*: This statement provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It lists the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company, showing how the resources are financed.
- *Income Statement*: The income statement reports a company's financial performance over a specific period. It shows the revenue, expenses, and resulting net income or net loss.
- *Cash Flow Statement*: The cash flow statement details the sources and uses of cash over a given period, classified into operating, investing, and financing activities.
4. *Accrual Accounting vs. Cash Accounting*: Accounting can be done on either an accrual basis or a cash basis. In accrual accounting, transactions are recorded when they occur, regardless of cash inflows or outflows. This method matches revenues with expenses, providing a more accurate picture of a company's financial performance. In contrast, cash accounting records transactions only when cash is received or paid, making it simpler but less precise.
5. *Accounting Period*: Businesses divide their financial activities into specific time intervals, called accounting periods. The most common periods are months, quarters, and years. This division allows for the systematic reporting and analysis of financial information, making it easier to track performance and compare results over time.
6. *Revenue Recognition*: Determining when to recognize revenue is a critical aspect of accounting. Revenue is recognized when it is earned and realizable, regardless of when the cash is received. This principle ensures that revenue is matched with the corresponding expenses incurred to generate that revenue, resulting in accurate financial statements.
Recommended
BBA 3301, Financial Management 1 UNIT I STUDY GUIDE .docx
BBA 3301, Financial Management 1
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Foundations and Background of
Finance
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Discuss the nature of financial assets (securities) and financial markets.
2. Explain the role of financial management in corporations and its
relationship to accounting information and economic theory.
3. Contrast the forms of business organization.
4. Analyze the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth, agency theory and
conflicts of interest.
5. Assess basic accounting information and data used in financial decision
making.
6. Apply federal taxes in calculations.
Written Lecture
Welcome to BBA 3301! In this class you will study corporate finance and be
exposed to many tools and techniques used in managerial financial decisions.
As you work through the class, you will note that much of the course applies to
“real world” situations. Whether it is planning your retirement, purchasing
insurance or obtaining a loan, finance is everywhere. Enjoy the class!
Finance involves many different areas including investments, financial markets,
and corporate financial decision making. Corporate finance includes the
management and control of money and money-related operations within a
business.
In each of these areas, different types of assets are sold, purchased or
exchanged. There are two primary classes of assets:
Real assets: tangible or physical assets that can be used in production
of a good or service, or possibly have intrinsic value in trade.
Financial assets: represent a claim to some future income. Examples
include financial securities, insurance contracts, and derivative
instruments. Financial assets, such as bonds and stocks issued by
corporations to raise money are bought by investors in financial markets.
Financial markets are exchanges or organizations in which people can
buy/sell securities.
Often corporations use financial markets to attract capital (money) from
investors. There are three primary ways by which corporations finance their
budgets and future growth:
Issuing stock: equity financing
Borrowing money: debt financing
Internal financing: retaining earnings
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 1:
Foundations
Chapter 2:
Financial Background: A
Review of Accounting,
Financial Statements, and
Taxes
Supplemental
Reading
See information below.
Learning Activities
(Non-Graded)
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Agency
2. Assets
3. Capital gains tax
4. Corporation
5. Financial asset
6. Financial markets
7. Financial statements
(balance sheet,
income statement &
statement of cash
flows)
8. Financing (sources of
capital)
9. Income tax
10. Liabilities
11. Partnership
12. Proprietorship
13. Real asset
BBA 3301, Financial Management 2
14. Securities
15. Stakeholders
Investors buy securities for the future cash flows ...
Intro to Financial Management
This is the intro session to Financial Management course for Master students at the Geneva Business School
chapter 1Introduction to Accounting Learning Goals.docx
chapter 1
Introduction to Accounting
Learning Goals
• Develop a general understanding of alternative forms of business entities.
• Differentiate between financial and managerial accounting.
• Acquire knowledge about the conceptual underpinnings of accounting.
• Learn the fundamental accounting equation and the impact of transactions.
• Discover alternative career paths within the accounting profession.
Copyright Barbara Chase/Corbis/AP Images
waL80144_01_c01_001-026.indd 1 8/29/12 2:43 PM
2
CHAPTER 1Chapter Outline
Chapter Outline
1.1 Entity Concepts
1.2 The Language of Business
Disciplines of Accounting
Financial Accounting
1.3 Key Concepts
1.4 The Financial Reporting Model
Sources of Capital
Comprehensive Illustration
Statement of Cash Flows: A Fourth Financial Statement
1.5 Usefulness of Accounting in Careers and Life
1.6 The Importance of Ethics
The stereotypical accountant is characterized as a boring number cruncher, charged with maintaining the books and accounts of a business. This image may be traced
back to the 1843 book by Charles Dickens entitled A Christmas Carol. In that tale, Ebene-
zer Scrooge is a penny-pinching miser who cares nothing for the people around him. His
sole purpose is making money, and his trusted but suffering accountant is Bob Cratchit,
who painstakingly tracks every penny. Mr. Scrooge eventually sees the light, but that’s
another story.
Today’s accountant is also another story. The mundane aspects of accounting are now
largely accomplished by sophisticated computer software. For small businesses, the soft-
ware may reside on a simple personal computer. Larger businesses may use elaborate
enterprise resource packages that integrate accounting with all other aspects of managing
the business. Such complex business systems may be maintained internally by a specific
business or be contracted for through a third-party “cloud computing” service provider.
The changed environment has redefined what it means to be an accountant. Although
accountants certainly need to have comprehensive understanding of the fundamental
practices, rules, and procedures constituting the foundation of accounting, they are often-
times more focused on broader measurement, reporting, and managerial tasks. Less time
is spent on data capture, and more time is devoted to analyzing information and helping
with sound business decisions.
Furthermore, to understand and monitor results produced by sophisticated information
systems, accountants need to be knowledgeable and vigilant. If their organizations solely
rely on the data produced by their computers, decision making can be quickly handi-
capped by erroneous output. The accountant must have a keen “forensic” eye to make
sure that reported information is logical and correct. Indeed, the role of accounting has
grown more complex, and with that, the value of the accountant has increased. A large
proportion of business leaders start out as accountant ...
What are the basic concepts of accounting (1)
1. *Double-Entry Bookkeeping*: The fundamental principle of accounting is the double-entry bookkeeping system. This system requires every transaction to have two equal and opposite effects on the financial position of a company. Each transaction is recorded in at least two accounts: a debit and a credit. Debits represent assets and expenses, while credits represent liabilities, equity, and income. The accounting equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity, is a direct result of the double-entry bookkeeping system.
2. *The Accounting Equation*: As mentioned earlier, the accounting equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity, represents the basic relationship between the resources owned by a company (assets), the claims against those resources by creditors (liabilities), and the claims by the owners (equity). This equation is the foundation of the balance sheet and helps maintain the balance of financial records.
3. *Financial Statements*: Financial statements are the end products of the accounting process, presenting the financial performance and position of a company. The three primary financial statements are:
- *Balance Sheet*: This statement provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. It lists the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company, showing how the resources are financed.
- *Income Statement*: The income statement reports a company's financial performance over a specific period. It shows the revenue, expenses, and resulting net income or net loss.
- *Cash Flow Statement*: The cash flow statement details the sources and uses of cash over a given period, classified into operating, investing, and financing activities.
4. *Accrual Accounting vs. Cash Accounting*: Accounting can be done on either an accrual basis or a cash basis. In accrual accounting, transactions are recorded when they occur, regardless of cash inflows or outflows. This method matches revenues with expenses, providing a more accurate picture of a company's financial performance. In contrast, cash accounting records transactions only when cash is received or paid, making it simpler but less precise.
5. *Accounting Period*: Businesses divide their financial activities into specific time intervals, called accounting periods. The most common periods are months, quarters, and years. This division allows for the systematic reporting and analysis of financial information, making it easier to track performance and compare results over time.
6. *Revenue Recognition*: Determining when to recognize revenue is a critical aspect of accounting. Revenue is recognized when it is earned and realizable, regardless of when the cash is received. This principle ensures that revenue is matched with the corresponding expenses incurred to generate that revenue, resulting in accurate financial statements.
Beneficial Numbers The Interaction of Accounting and Finance Executives.pdf
For small and medium firms in the UAE, Axolon the great ERP solutions Dubai that can help them expand more effectively.
Module 2 - BackgroundPrinciples of AccountingConsider that acc.docx
Module 2 - Background
Principles of Accounting
Consider that accounting terms are not always obvious in their meanings. If you are learning terminology or need to clarify a vocabulary item, a good reference for accounting terms is:
New York Society of Certified Public Accountants (2017) Accounting Terminology Guide - Over 1,000 Accounting and Finance Terms. Retrieved from: http://www.nysscpa.org/professional-resources/accounting-terminology-guide#sthash.UMS3kGjf.dpbs
For a glossary of general business terms:
Berry, T. (n.d.) Business terms glossary. BPlans. Retrieved from http://articles.bplans.com/business-term-glossary/
The Annual Report
The annual report is the way a firm summarizes its performance over the past year and where it sets a vision for the future. Publicly held companies (traded on the stock exchange) must prepare annual reports, and annual reports are usually public documents. Investors and the general public use annual reports as sources of information about the financial health of a company. We will be learning about reading annual reports to learn general accounting principles in the context of learning about a company and the industry in which it operates. Although we will not discuss all sections of an annual report, we will touch on the sections that have the most relevance to providing the HRM professional with the most helpful insights into the operations of the firm.
Front matter
This is largely text material that sets the stage for the quantitative data that follows.
The Opening letter to the Shareholders
The opening letter is generally the first section of the annual report and is a statement by the chairman of the board. The letter sets the stage for how the firm’s management wants you to view the report and the previous year’s performance, and so in this sense sets the “strategic intent” of the report. A careful reading of the letter can give context to the numbers that follow by giving you clues of what to look for in terms of goals met – or problems that prevented goal attainment. The firm may be on the verge of explosive growth, or a meltdown.
Sales and Marketing
This section covers the company’s product/service line. Typically, it also contains descriptions of key departments or groups and the work they do. By reading this section, you can deduce what products or services are most important to the firm and which divisions are seen as most critical to its success. This section can also give you clues as to what the future may hold.
The Auditor’s Letter
You might be tempted to skip this section, because it probably seems superfluous (like the terms and conditions acknowledgment on software updates. You know you don’t read those!). However, you should know that by law, a publicly traded firm needs to be independently audited every year. This is to protect the investor, and the auditors will state whether or not the data the company presents is accurate and if they have sufficient controls in place to prevent frau ...
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Financial management notes pdf
Vtrips offers Ramoji Film City tour package, it is the ultimate leisure
destination for holidays, honeymooners, corporate and family events
What Counts And What Is Counted by Prof. Rob Bloomfield
Accountants and business leaders move up through the ranks not just because they know how to interpret financial reports (though that helps), but because they understand how organizational systems are designed, and how people respond and perform within those systems.
In this eBook What Counts and What Gets Counted: Seeing Organizations Through an Accountant’s Eyes, Cornell professor Dr. Rob Bloomfield shows how business performance is measured and reported, and reviews essential concepts in cost accounting and financial reporting.
Your vocabulary is one of the most visible markers of your business acumen. Business professionals listen, talk, and write for a living, and they judge you by the terms you use, and misuse. In essence, Prof. Bloomfield’s research and focus is on communicating the language of business.
1. conceptual framework
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FIN 340 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric Overview.docx
FIN 340 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: As an investor for yourself or your clients, you have the job of developing investment objectives and a plan to achieve those objectives and then make
subsequent investments in appropriate assets accordingly. This process can be collectively termed “the investment process.” It is helpful to break the process
down into the four core concepts that underpin any sound investment process.
First, you must understand what you are investing in. You have to know the underlying characteristics of the investment. What type of asset is it? What type of
security? How is it priced? What are the expected cash flows? Who are the typical investors and what are their typical motives? If you do not understand the
answers to those questions, then the initial expectations you develop about the value and risk of the asset will be fundamentally flawed. This sets you up for
missteps that can lead to underperforming your investment objectives.
Second, you must be able to estimate the value of the asset. Valuation is about assessing the estimated cash flows of the asset. This is a key component of
discerning absolute return potential and the differences between competing assets. It has a significant influence on the third step in the process as well.
The third step is developing a thesis about an asset's expected return and the associated risk. This is accomplished by assessing your valuation estimates against
the current market price and any developing economic or market dynamics that may impact your expected valuation or its pricing. The market is constantly
changing, and these expectations need to be monitored on a regular basis to ensure they continue to correspond to the objectives you are trying to achieve.
Finally, you must understand how the assets in a portfolio interact with one another. It is likely that you will not have just one investment, so any additional
assets will impact the overall performance of the portfolio. You want to formulate a plan to add assets that, when combined together, will have the potential to
meet your objectives. Putting all of these steps together into a consistent, thorough process will position you to better meet the investment objectives laid out
at the beginning.
Prompt: This milestone involves creating a draft of the client analysis section of the final project. Use the Final Project Scenarios document, which has the client
scenarios and tables needed to complete the final project.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed in this milestone:
I. Client Analysis: In this section, you will analyze your clients’ financial documentation and determine their risk tolerance and objectives. To effectively
address the critical elements in this section, you must analyze the information for both client one and client two.
A. Analyze each client’s financial documentation in order to perform the following evaluativ.
Explaining finance to my grandchildren
To young peoples contemplating to choose finance as a profession
1 4. Describe the financial approach to strategic healthca.docx
1
4. Describe the financial approach to strategic healthcare planning, considering how managers can
participate most effectively in this process.
4.1 Explain the purpose of the activity statement and statement of cash flows.
4.2 Discuss the process of recording financial information and generating a balance sheet.
4.3 Discuss various asset categories, including cash, marketable securities, accounts
receivable, inventory, prepaid expenses, fixed assets, and sinking funds.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 10:
Taking Stock of Where You Are: The Balance Sheet
Chapter 11:
Reporting the Results of Operations: The Activity and Cash Flow Statements
Unit Lesson
In Unit VI, you will discover that financial reports are prepared by organizations monthly, quarterly, and
annually, and that these reports are essential for determining the financial health of a healthcare organization.
In order to function effectively in healthcare management, you need a very thorough understanding of these
reports and what they reflect about your department and your medical facility overall. A good portion of each
healthcare board of directors meeting is focused on reviewing and interpreting these reports.
Financial reports help managers understand the current financial situation of the organization and also the
financial results of its operation. They provide information not only for management of the organization, but
also for outsiders—for people who take interest in the stability of the organization as it strives to fulfill its
mission of patient care. Just a few of these parties include auditors, local government officials, the state
department of health, and various accrediting agencies.
Preparation of the financial reports which will be examined by individuals external to the organization is
referred to as financial accounting. Financial accounting employs a process of recording financial
transactions, summarizing all of the information contained in the transactions, and then reporting the
information in a set of standardized financial statements.
Balance Sheet
The statement of financial position (commonly referred to as the balance sheet) is the first of the financial
statements. You need a solid understanding of the balance sheet. A balance sheet reports the financial
position of the organization at a moment in time—often the end of a month or end of the fiscal year. For any
specific entity, this financial document provides a highly summarized view of its financial position at any one
point in time.
Financial statements are derived from information contained in and changes to the fundamental equation of
accounting. That equation states that the assets of any entity equal the liabilities plus the net worth of the
entity. All of financial accounting is built around that fundamental equation. In addition, many organizations
follow a set of rules or conventions that are referred to a Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAA ...
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Module 2 - BackgroundPrinciples of AccountingConsider that acc.docx
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Consider that accounting terms are not always obvious in their meanings. If you are learning terminology or need to clarify a vocabulary item, a good reference for accounting terms is:
New York Society of Certified Public Accountants (2017) Accounting Terminology Guide - Over 1,000 Accounting and Finance Terms. Retrieved from: http://www.nysscpa.org/professional-resources/accounting-terminology-guide#sthash.UMS3kGjf.dpbs
For a glossary of general business terms:
Berry, T. (n.d.) Business terms glossary. BPlans. Retrieved from http://articles.bplans.com/business-term-glossary/
The Annual Report
The annual report is the way a firm summarizes its performance over the past year and where it sets a vision for the future. Publicly held companies (traded on the stock exchange) must prepare annual reports, and annual reports are usually public documents. Investors and the general public use annual reports as sources of information about the financial health of a company. We will be learning about reading annual reports to learn general accounting principles in the context of learning about a company and the industry in which it operates. Although we will not discuss all sections of an annual report, we will touch on the sections that have the most relevance to providing the HRM professional with the most helpful insights into the operations of the firm.
Front matter
This is largely text material that sets the stage for the quantitative data that follows.
The Opening letter to the Shareholders
The opening letter is generally the first section of the annual report and is a statement by the chairman of the board. The letter sets the stage for how the firm’s management wants you to view the report and the previous year’s performance, and so in this sense sets the “strategic intent” of the report. A careful reading of the letter can give context to the numbers that follow by giving you clues of what to look for in terms of goals met – or problems that prevented goal attainment. The firm may be on the verge of explosive growth, or a meltdown.
Sales and Marketing
This section covers the company’s product/service line. Typically, it also contains descriptions of key departments or groups and the work they do. By reading this section, you can deduce what products or services are most important to the firm and which divisions are seen as most critical to its success. This section can also give you clues as to what the future may hold.
The Auditor’s Letter
You might be tempted to skip this section, because it probably seems superfluous (like the terms and conditions acknowledgment on software updates. You know you don’t read those!). However, you should know that by law, a publicly traded firm needs to be independently audited every year. This is to protect the investor, and the auditors will state whether or not the data the company presents is accurate and if they have sufficient controls in place to prevent frau ...
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Financial management notes pdf
Vtrips offers Ramoji Film City tour package, it is the ultimate leisure
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What Counts And What Is Counted by Prof. Rob Bloomfield
Accountants and business leaders move up through the ranks not just because they know how to interpret financial reports (though that helps), but because they understand how organizational systems are designed, and how people respond and perform within those systems.
In this eBook What Counts and What Gets Counted: Seeing Organizations Through an Accountant’s Eyes, Cornell professor Dr. Rob Bloomfield shows how business performance is measured and reported, and reviews essential concepts in cost accounting and financial reporting.
Your vocabulary is one of the most visible markers of your business acumen. Business professionals listen, talk, and write for a living, and they judge you by the terms you use, and misuse. In essence, Prof. Bloomfield’s research and focus is on communicating the language of business.
1. conceptual framework
It explains the IASB’s conceptual framework and the advantages and disadvantages of such a framework. It also gives vivid explanation on the contents of the conceptual framework
FIN 340 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric Overview.docx
FIN 340 Milestone One Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: As an investor for yourself or your clients, you have the job of developing investment objectives and a plan to achieve those objectives and then make
subsequent investments in appropriate assets accordingly. This process can be collectively termed “the investment process.” It is helpful to break the process
down into the four core concepts that underpin any sound investment process.
First, you must understand what you are investing in. You have to know the underlying characteristics of the investment. What type of asset is it? What type of
security? How is it priced? What are the expected cash flows? Who are the typical investors and what are their typical motives? If you do not understand the
answers to those questions, then the initial expectations you develop about the value and risk of the asset will be fundamentally flawed. This sets you up for
missteps that can lead to underperforming your investment objectives.
Second, you must be able to estimate the value of the asset. Valuation is about assessing the estimated cash flows of the asset. This is a key component of
discerning absolute return potential and the differences between competing assets. It has a significant influence on the third step in the process as well.
The third step is developing a thesis about an asset's expected return and the associated risk. This is accomplished by assessing your valuation estimates against
the current market price and any developing economic or market dynamics that may impact your expected valuation or its pricing. The market is constantly
changing, and these expectations need to be monitored on a regular basis to ensure they continue to correspond to the objectives you are trying to achieve.
Finally, you must understand how the assets in a portfolio interact with one another. It is likely that you will not have just one investment, so any additional
assets will impact the overall performance of the portfolio. You want to formulate a plan to add assets that, when combined together, will have the potential to
meet your objectives. Putting all of these steps together into a consistent, thorough process will position you to better meet the investment objectives laid out
at the beginning.
Prompt: This milestone involves creating a draft of the client analysis section of the final project. Use the Final Project Scenarios document, which has the client
scenarios and tables needed to complete the final project.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed in this milestone:
I. Client Analysis: In this section, you will analyze your clients’ financial documentation and determine their risk tolerance and objectives. To effectively
address the critical elements in this section, you must analyze the information for both client one and client two.
A. Analyze each client’s financial documentation in order to perform the following evaluativ.
Explaining finance to my grandchildren
To young peoples contemplating to choose finance as a profession
1 4. Describe the financial approach to strategic healthca.docx
1
4. Describe the financial approach to strategic healthcare planning, considering how managers can
participate most effectively in this process.
4.1 Explain the purpose of the activity statement and statement of cash flows.
4.2 Discuss the process of recording financial information and generating a balance sheet.
4.3 Discuss various asset categories, including cash, marketable securities, accounts
receivable, inventory, prepaid expenses, fixed assets, and sinking funds.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 10:
Taking Stock of Where You Are: The Balance Sheet
Chapter 11:
Reporting the Results of Operations: The Activity and Cash Flow Statements
Unit Lesson
In Unit VI, you will discover that financial reports are prepared by organizations monthly, quarterly, and
annually, and that these reports are essential for determining the financial health of a healthcare organization.
In order to function effectively in healthcare management, you need a very thorough understanding of these
reports and what they reflect about your department and your medical facility overall. A good portion of each
healthcare board of directors meeting is focused on reviewing and interpreting these reports.
Financial reports help managers understand the current financial situation of the organization and also the
financial results of its operation. They provide information not only for management of the organization, but
also for outsiders—for people who take interest in the stability of the organization as it strives to fulfill its
mission of patient care. Just a few of these parties include auditors, local government officials, the state
department of health, and various accrediting agencies.
Preparation of the financial reports which will be examined by individuals external to the organization is
referred to as financial accounting. Financial accounting employs a process of recording financial
transactions, summarizing all of the information contained in the transactions, and then reporting the
information in a set of standardized financial statements.
Balance Sheet
The statement of financial position (commonly referred to as the balance sheet) is the first of the financial
statements. You need a solid understanding of the balance sheet. A balance sheet reports the financial
position of the organization at a moment in time—often the end of a month or end of the fiscal year. For any
specific entity, this financial document provides a highly summarized view of its financial position at any one
point in time.
Financial statements are derived from information contained in and changes to the fundamental equation of
accounting. That equation states that the assets of any entity equal the liabilities plus the net worth of the
entity. All of financial accounting is built around that fundamental equation. In addition, many organizations
follow a set of rules or conventions that are referred to a Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAA ...
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A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
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Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
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