The document discusses guidance and counseling in education. It defines guidance as a process of assisting individuals in their development and helping them solve problems. Counseling is defined as a specialized service involving a helping relationship.
The document outlines the need for guidance due to psychological, sociological and educational reasons. It describes the types of guidance as educational, vocational, personal, social, avocational and health guidance. Counseling involves establishing rapport, communication and understanding to help individuals address emotional and social problems.
The key difference between guidance and counseling outlined is that guidance is a broader comprehensive process that can be delivered in groups, while counseling addresses personal problems and mental health issues through individual consultation sessions.
This document is a thesis submitted by Samuel Ayokunle Adekanmbi in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in computer science from the University of Ibadan in February 2014. It investigates filtering offensive language in online communities using grammatical relations. The thesis acknowledges various individuals who provided support and dedicates the work to promoting a shared vision. It then provides an abstract that overviews developing and implementing a sentence-level semantic filtering system to remove offensive content while maintaining readability. The literature review covers topics like offensive language in online communities, cyberbullying, and using grammatical analysis for semantic filtering.
This document provides an overview of guidance and counseling programs. It defines guidance as a process that helps individuals solve problems and pursue paths suited to their abilities. Counseling is defined as a specialized guidance service that helps individuals take responsibility and make their own decisions. The document outlines the psychological, sociological, and educational needs for guidance. It describes the elements and characteristics of effective guidance programs, including focusing on individuals, discovering abilities, and promoting self-development. The document also discusses the types of guidance provided, personnel involved, and organizing guidance programs in educational institutions.
The stigma surrounding mental health means students may be unwilling to disclose difficulties they are experiencing and access help. International students are particularly vulnerable as they are away from their usual support networks. Their limited English can also restrict their communication of any issues.
Australian ELICOS (English language teaching for international students sector) providers are aware that mental health issues can seriously impact a student as they progress through their studies. In a survey by English Australia, over 50 per cent of ELICOS colleges believed the number of students with mental health issues has increased in the past two years which is placing an increased strain on the already limited resources of many ELICOS providers.
English Australia released 'The Guide to Best Practice in International Student Mental Health'. This guide provides tools and information that will help create an environment where students feel supported should they ever have any mental health concerns.
In this presentation, Sophie O'Keefe explores the guide and discusses the mental health issues that international and ELICOS students experience, and shares best practice for addressing these concerns.
The document provides information about the "Aggies Leading the Way!" student leadership conference being held on February 7-8, 2014 at UC Davis. The conference aims to help students discover their leadership capacity, form partnerships, and create positive change. It will include keynote speakers, workshops on topics like cultural differences, feedback, and community service, and a student leader panel. The schedule provides details on workshop sessions, presenters, and conference logistics.
The document summarizes a day-long training for new peer advisors. It includes an agenda with sessions on job expectations, advising skills, communication, multiculturalism, and ethical dilemmas. Breakout activities are planned to discuss advising styles, non-verbal communication, cultural competence, and strengthening awareness as a tutor. The training aims to prepare advisors for their roles by developing important job skills and competencies for advising a diverse student population.
Guidance aims to help individuals discover and develop their potential through personal happiness and social usefulness, according to definitions from Ruth Strang, Crow & Crow, and the US Office of Education. The document outlines the principles, objectives, elements, types, advantages and limitations of guidance, as well as the establishment and processes of counseling.
This digital artefact provides students with an opportunity to explore issues related to drugs and risk-taking. It allows students to listen to different perspectives on these topics from various characters. However, it does not sufficiently address the ethical issues and risks related to drugs that are required by the PDHPE curriculum. It could be used as an introductory lesson but would need to be supplemented with additional material. The artefact's interactive format allows students to direct their own learning, but it only provides basic information and does not strongly influence students beyond the classroom.
The document discusses guidance and counseling in education. It defines guidance as a process of assisting individuals in their development and helping them solve problems. Counseling is defined as a specialized service involving a helping relationship.
The document outlines the need for guidance due to psychological, sociological and educational reasons. It describes the types of guidance as educational, vocational, personal, social, avocational and health guidance. Counseling involves establishing rapport, communication and understanding to help individuals address emotional and social problems.
The key difference between guidance and counseling outlined is that guidance is a broader comprehensive process that can be delivered in groups, while counseling addresses personal problems and mental health issues through individual consultation sessions.
This document is a thesis submitted by Samuel Ayokunle Adekanmbi in partial fulfillment of a Master of Science degree in computer science from the University of Ibadan in February 2014. It investigates filtering offensive language in online communities using grammatical relations. The thesis acknowledges various individuals who provided support and dedicates the work to promoting a shared vision. It then provides an abstract that overviews developing and implementing a sentence-level semantic filtering system to remove offensive content while maintaining readability. The literature review covers topics like offensive language in online communities, cyberbullying, and using grammatical analysis for semantic filtering.
This document provides an overview of guidance and counseling programs. It defines guidance as a process that helps individuals solve problems and pursue paths suited to their abilities. Counseling is defined as a specialized guidance service that helps individuals take responsibility and make their own decisions. The document outlines the psychological, sociological, and educational needs for guidance. It describes the elements and characteristics of effective guidance programs, including focusing on individuals, discovering abilities, and promoting self-development. The document also discusses the types of guidance provided, personnel involved, and organizing guidance programs in educational institutions.
The stigma surrounding mental health means students may be unwilling to disclose difficulties they are experiencing and access help. International students are particularly vulnerable as they are away from their usual support networks. Their limited English can also restrict their communication of any issues.
Australian ELICOS (English language teaching for international students sector) providers are aware that mental health issues can seriously impact a student as they progress through their studies. In a survey by English Australia, over 50 per cent of ELICOS colleges believed the number of students with mental health issues has increased in the past two years which is placing an increased strain on the already limited resources of many ELICOS providers.
English Australia released 'The Guide to Best Practice in International Student Mental Health'. This guide provides tools and information that will help create an environment where students feel supported should they ever have any mental health concerns.
In this presentation, Sophie O'Keefe explores the guide and discusses the mental health issues that international and ELICOS students experience, and shares best practice for addressing these concerns.
The document provides information about the "Aggies Leading the Way!" student leadership conference being held on February 7-8, 2014 at UC Davis. The conference aims to help students discover their leadership capacity, form partnerships, and create positive change. It will include keynote speakers, workshops on topics like cultural differences, feedback, and community service, and a student leader panel. The schedule provides details on workshop sessions, presenters, and conference logistics.
The document summarizes a day-long training for new peer advisors. It includes an agenda with sessions on job expectations, advising skills, communication, multiculturalism, and ethical dilemmas. Breakout activities are planned to discuss advising styles, non-verbal communication, cultural competence, and strengthening awareness as a tutor. The training aims to prepare advisors for their roles by developing important job skills and competencies for advising a diverse student population.
Guidance aims to help individuals discover and develop their potential through personal happiness and social usefulness, according to definitions from Ruth Strang, Crow & Crow, and the US Office of Education. The document outlines the principles, objectives, elements, types, advantages and limitations of guidance, as well as the establishment and processes of counseling.
This digital artefact provides students with an opportunity to explore issues related to drugs and risk-taking. It allows students to listen to different perspectives on these topics from various characters. However, it does not sufficiently address the ethical issues and risks related to drugs that are required by the PDHPE curriculum. It could be used as an introductory lesson but would need to be supplemented with additional material. The artefact's interactive format allows students to direct their own learning, but it only provides basic information and does not strongly influence students beyond the classroom.
The document outlines guidelines for a mentorship program between medical students and faculty. It defines mentorship and discusses its history and benefits. The objectives of the program are to create trust between students and faculty and provide support to help students cope with academic and personal issues. Faculty mentors are expected to meet regularly with their group of students, address any concerns, and keep records of student performance and well-being. The goal is to improve the medical school experience and reduce stress and depression among students.
EDUCATIONAL COUNSELING SERVICES A NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOO...Gloria Mazhim De Decker
This document discusses a needs assessment of educational counseling services for junior secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria. It begins with an introduction that outlines the importance of guidance and counseling services in schools according to relevant literature and policies. It then discusses the roles and responsibilities of school counselors in areas like individual counseling, consultation, student appraisal, career development, and more. The document goes on to provide background on transition examinations in Nigeria like the Junior Secondary Certificate Examination required to progress to senior secondary school. It aims to assess counseling needs of students to help them prepare for examinations and develop to their full potential.
This document discusses guidance and counseling in education. It provides definitions of guidance from various authors, emphasizing that guidance involves helping individuals solve problems and pursue paths suited to their abilities. Counseling is defined as a relationship where a professionally trained counselor helps a client address personal difficulties. The differences between guidance and counseling are outlined. Principles of each are presented, as well as needs for their services in education. Current trends and issues novice counselors may face are also summarized. Finally, an abstract of a related research study on the effectiveness of guidance and counseling in enhancing student adjustment is provided.
Planning Transitions from School for Young People with Special NeedsAlison Doyle
Explore this sample chapter from my practical workbook for students, parents and teachers.
Available from Amazon
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Planning-Transitions-People-Special-Disabilities/dp/1910179930
Copyright Dr. Alison Doyle 2016
Published by Caerus Education www.caerus.ie
Social Media and the 21st-Century Scholar: How Researchers Can Harness Social...SC CTSI at USC and CHLA
Date: Mar 6, 2019
Topic: Social Media and the 21st-Century Scholar: How Researchers Can Harness Social Media to Amplify Their Career
Speaker: Teresa M. Chan, MD, MHPE, Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
Overview: Improving health care requires better dissemination of research discoveries to reach practitioners, patients, and the public. Effective scholarship is essential to achieve this goal. The speaker Dr. Chan argues that it is "incumbent on scientists and scholars to use every tool in their armamentarium, including social media, to reach their intended audiences."
Keynote presented to University of Bedfordshire, June 2008. Focus on how we support and respond to diverse student needs with an ever changing student population. What is it like to be a student in the 21st century?
Principals' use of counselling skills dr geoffrey wangoDr Wango Geoffrey
This document discusses the role of principals in guidance and counseling in Kenyan schools. It argues that principals should take on a broader leadership role beyond just administration and management. This includes using counseling skills to better communicate with students, teachers, and parents to understand issues like academic performance, relationships, mental health, and more. The document outlines counseling skills like empathy, active listening, and questioning that principals can employ. It also discusses establishing counseling programs in schools and the importance of confidentiality and ethics for counselors to help students seek needed support.
Independence in Graduate School: How to develop and enhance yoursDoctoralNet Limited
This is the third in a series delving into the research that pertains to why graduate students may disengage. Lack of clarity on or too much or too little Independence accounts for about 25% of students thinking of dropping out.
The document discusses how to apply the assumptions of adult learning theory known as andragogy to online learning. It summarizes the six assumptions of Knowles' andragogical model - the learner's need to know, self-concept of the learner, prior experience of the learner, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learn. It then provides recommendations and guidelines for incorporating each of these assumptions into the instructional design, content delivery, and facilitation of online courses to better engage adult learners and improve online learning outcomes.
MTML FINAL EChannel Webinar Creating Pathways of Learning Support for EO Clie...Kimberly Lansdowne
This document summarizes the key findings from a research project exploring how to better support Employment Ontario clients and learners with learning disabilities. The research included a literature review, focus groups, and expert consultations. Some of the main themes that emerged included: issues with social stigma and self-esteem related to learning disabilities; the complex interactions between learning disabilities and other issues like mental health problems, poverty, experiences of racism; and the barriers posed by a lack of diagnosis and accommodations. The research identified gaps in services and support for adults with learning disabilities and opportunities to improve practices, environments, and interventions across Employment Ontario programs.
The document discusses leadership skills and competencies for teachers and school leaders. It emphasizes the importance of being a positive role model, seeking feedback on one's own performance, and helping others examine their practice. It also discusses creating a supportive learning environment, relating to others, managing self, and leading for the future with a focus on collaboration, technology, collective intelligence, and developing resilience.
Letter Across The Divide Book Response EssayCarmen Sanborn
The DISC assessment was developed in 1940 by Walter Clark based on Dr. William Marston's 1928 theory. The assessment evaluates four dimensions of behavior: Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness. Taking the assessment provided insight into the author's own leadership strengths and weaknesses. It highlighted areas for improvement such as occasionally being too aggressive and having a short fuse when people do not understand their vision. The assessment also helped the author recognize denial of certain traits. Overall, the DISC assessment was a useful tool for self-reflection and developing leadership skills.
Using Moodle and Big Blue Button for Engaging Learners in Online Discussions_dua
The document discusses the Engaging Learners in Online Discussion (ELOD) professional development course for online tutors at Open Universities Australia. It provides an overview of ELOD, including its goals of adopting a social constructivist approach to develop tutoring skills through online interaction and reflection. The summary describes how ELOD is run over 4 weeks and 10 hours, using Moodle and asynchronous discussion forums. It also highlights feedback which found ELOD informative and effective at improving understanding of online tutoring.
The document provides strategies for educators working with students who have autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. It emphasizes developing trusting relationships, supporting student independence, understanding individual needs, and creating a cooperative relationship between educators and families. The strategies described aim to prepare students for transitions, maintain routines, manage sensory stimuli, and address other common challenges through visual schedules, timers, advance warnings, and modifying the classroom environment.
Educational guidance & counseling study material for mid term b.ed. 6th (e.g....13023901-016
Various individuals like teachers, advisors, deans, parents, and professionals provide guidance and counseling through methods such as interviews, letters, phones, media, and computers. The document defines guidance, counseling, and discusses their purposes including helping students with educational, psychological, and sociological issues. It outlines the characteristics and differences between guidance and counseling. The roles of counselors and guidance personnel in providing services to students are also described.
Webinar presented by Nicole Crawford and Cathy Stone discusses preliminary findings from research into supporting the mental wellbeing of mature-aged students in regional and remote Australia, through ensuring that, in this time of physical distancing, online learning is delivered in ways that enhance student engagement and student wellbeing.
This document discusses the roles and importance of guidance and counseling in education. It defines guidance and counseling, outlines their differences, and describes how they help students with educational, career, and personal development. It also explains the responsibilities of various individuals like school heads, guidance counselors, teachers, nurses, and librarians in providing guidance services in schools.
The document summarizes the agenda and key details of the Fall 2015 CDPI Conference hosted by Ivy Tech Community College in Richmond. The conference focused on diversity and inclusion in career development. The keynote speaker was Dr. Benjamin Young who has over 40 years of experience in higher education administration. Breakout sessions covered topics like building internship programs, best practices in career development, global studies certificates, and counseling techniques beyond just talking. The conference provided opportunities for career professionals to discuss challenges and strategies around serving diverse students and communities.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on principles of guidance and counseling. It will take place on February 27th, 2016 in Tanzania and last 3 hours. It is aimed at certificate and diploma students, teachers, and other educational professionals. The presentation will cover definitions of guidance and counseling, the role of comprehensive guidance models in schools, essential learning outcomes, common misconceptions, counselor skills and qualities, ethics, and resolving ethical dilemmas. The overall goal is to provide participants with basic knowledge of conducting effective guidance and counseling.
Leading by example: being belonging and becoming digital citizensSue Beckingham
This document summarizes a keynote presentation about digital citizenship given by Sue Beckingham at the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology. It discusses a quality of life model involving being, belonging, and becoming. It then applies this model to discuss various aspects of physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and community well-being as they relate to digital citizenship. The presentation emphasizes the importance of dialogue, collaboration, and developing a sense of belonging within online communities.
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
The document outlines guidelines for a mentorship program between medical students and faculty. It defines mentorship and discusses its history and benefits. The objectives of the program are to create trust between students and faculty and provide support to help students cope with academic and personal issues. Faculty mentors are expected to meet regularly with their group of students, address any concerns, and keep records of student performance and well-being. The goal is to improve the medical school experience and reduce stress and depression among students.
EDUCATIONAL COUNSELING SERVICES A NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOO...Gloria Mazhim De Decker
This document discusses a needs assessment of educational counseling services for junior secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Nigeria. It begins with an introduction that outlines the importance of guidance and counseling services in schools according to relevant literature and policies. It then discusses the roles and responsibilities of school counselors in areas like individual counseling, consultation, student appraisal, career development, and more. The document goes on to provide background on transition examinations in Nigeria like the Junior Secondary Certificate Examination required to progress to senior secondary school. It aims to assess counseling needs of students to help them prepare for examinations and develop to their full potential.
This document discusses guidance and counseling in education. It provides definitions of guidance from various authors, emphasizing that guidance involves helping individuals solve problems and pursue paths suited to their abilities. Counseling is defined as a relationship where a professionally trained counselor helps a client address personal difficulties. The differences between guidance and counseling are outlined. Principles of each are presented, as well as needs for their services in education. Current trends and issues novice counselors may face are also summarized. Finally, an abstract of a related research study on the effectiveness of guidance and counseling in enhancing student adjustment is provided.
Planning Transitions from School for Young People with Special NeedsAlison Doyle
Explore this sample chapter from my practical workbook for students, parents and teachers.
Available from Amazon
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Planning-Transitions-People-Special-Disabilities/dp/1910179930
Copyright Dr. Alison Doyle 2016
Published by Caerus Education www.caerus.ie
Social Media and the 21st-Century Scholar: How Researchers Can Harness Social...SC CTSI at USC and CHLA
Date: Mar 6, 2019
Topic: Social Media and the 21st-Century Scholar: How Researchers Can Harness Social Media to Amplify Their Career
Speaker: Teresa M. Chan, MD, MHPE, Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
Overview: Improving health care requires better dissemination of research discoveries to reach practitioners, patients, and the public. Effective scholarship is essential to achieve this goal. The speaker Dr. Chan argues that it is "incumbent on scientists and scholars to use every tool in their armamentarium, including social media, to reach their intended audiences."
Keynote presented to University of Bedfordshire, June 2008. Focus on how we support and respond to diverse student needs with an ever changing student population. What is it like to be a student in the 21st century?
Principals' use of counselling skills dr geoffrey wangoDr Wango Geoffrey
This document discusses the role of principals in guidance and counseling in Kenyan schools. It argues that principals should take on a broader leadership role beyond just administration and management. This includes using counseling skills to better communicate with students, teachers, and parents to understand issues like academic performance, relationships, mental health, and more. The document outlines counseling skills like empathy, active listening, and questioning that principals can employ. It also discusses establishing counseling programs in schools and the importance of confidentiality and ethics for counselors to help students seek needed support.
Independence in Graduate School: How to develop and enhance yoursDoctoralNet Limited
This is the third in a series delving into the research that pertains to why graduate students may disengage. Lack of clarity on or too much or too little Independence accounts for about 25% of students thinking of dropping out.
The document discusses how to apply the assumptions of adult learning theory known as andragogy to online learning. It summarizes the six assumptions of Knowles' andragogical model - the learner's need to know, self-concept of the learner, prior experience of the learner, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, and motivation to learn. It then provides recommendations and guidelines for incorporating each of these assumptions into the instructional design, content delivery, and facilitation of online courses to better engage adult learners and improve online learning outcomes.
MTML FINAL EChannel Webinar Creating Pathways of Learning Support for EO Clie...Kimberly Lansdowne
This document summarizes the key findings from a research project exploring how to better support Employment Ontario clients and learners with learning disabilities. The research included a literature review, focus groups, and expert consultations. Some of the main themes that emerged included: issues with social stigma and self-esteem related to learning disabilities; the complex interactions between learning disabilities and other issues like mental health problems, poverty, experiences of racism; and the barriers posed by a lack of diagnosis and accommodations. The research identified gaps in services and support for adults with learning disabilities and opportunities to improve practices, environments, and interventions across Employment Ontario programs.
The document discusses leadership skills and competencies for teachers and school leaders. It emphasizes the importance of being a positive role model, seeking feedback on one's own performance, and helping others examine their practice. It also discusses creating a supportive learning environment, relating to others, managing self, and leading for the future with a focus on collaboration, technology, collective intelligence, and developing resilience.
Letter Across The Divide Book Response EssayCarmen Sanborn
The DISC assessment was developed in 1940 by Walter Clark based on Dr. William Marston's 1928 theory. The assessment evaluates four dimensions of behavior: Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, and Conscientiousness. Taking the assessment provided insight into the author's own leadership strengths and weaknesses. It highlighted areas for improvement such as occasionally being too aggressive and having a short fuse when people do not understand their vision. The assessment also helped the author recognize denial of certain traits. Overall, the DISC assessment was a useful tool for self-reflection and developing leadership skills.
Using Moodle and Big Blue Button for Engaging Learners in Online Discussions_dua
The document discusses the Engaging Learners in Online Discussion (ELOD) professional development course for online tutors at Open Universities Australia. It provides an overview of ELOD, including its goals of adopting a social constructivist approach to develop tutoring skills through online interaction and reflection. The summary describes how ELOD is run over 4 weeks and 10 hours, using Moodle and asynchronous discussion forums. It also highlights feedback which found ELOD informative and effective at improving understanding of online tutoring.
The document provides strategies for educators working with students who have autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders. It emphasizes developing trusting relationships, supporting student independence, understanding individual needs, and creating a cooperative relationship between educators and families. The strategies described aim to prepare students for transitions, maintain routines, manage sensory stimuli, and address other common challenges through visual schedules, timers, advance warnings, and modifying the classroom environment.
Educational guidance & counseling study material for mid term b.ed. 6th (e.g....13023901-016
Various individuals like teachers, advisors, deans, parents, and professionals provide guidance and counseling through methods such as interviews, letters, phones, media, and computers. The document defines guidance, counseling, and discusses their purposes including helping students with educational, psychological, and sociological issues. It outlines the characteristics and differences between guidance and counseling. The roles of counselors and guidance personnel in providing services to students are also described.
Webinar presented by Nicole Crawford and Cathy Stone discusses preliminary findings from research into supporting the mental wellbeing of mature-aged students in regional and remote Australia, through ensuring that, in this time of physical distancing, online learning is delivered in ways that enhance student engagement and student wellbeing.
This document discusses the roles and importance of guidance and counseling in education. It defines guidance and counseling, outlines their differences, and describes how they help students with educational, career, and personal development. It also explains the responsibilities of various individuals like school heads, guidance counselors, teachers, nurses, and librarians in providing guidance services in schools.
The document summarizes the agenda and key details of the Fall 2015 CDPI Conference hosted by Ivy Tech Community College in Richmond. The conference focused on diversity and inclusion in career development. The keynote speaker was Dr. Benjamin Young who has over 40 years of experience in higher education administration. Breakout sessions covered topics like building internship programs, best practices in career development, global studies certificates, and counseling techniques beyond just talking. The conference provided opportunities for career professionals to discuss challenges and strategies around serving diverse students and communities.
This document provides an overview of a presentation on principles of guidance and counseling. It will take place on February 27th, 2016 in Tanzania and last 3 hours. It is aimed at certificate and diploma students, teachers, and other educational professionals. The presentation will cover definitions of guidance and counseling, the role of comprehensive guidance models in schools, essential learning outcomes, common misconceptions, counselor skills and qualities, ethics, and resolving ethical dilemmas. The overall goal is to provide participants with basic knowledge of conducting effective guidance and counseling.
Leading by example: being belonging and becoming digital citizensSue Beckingham
This document summarizes a keynote presentation about digital citizenship given by Sue Beckingham at the Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology. It discusses a quality of life model involving being, belonging, and becoming. It then applies this model to discuss various aspects of physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and community well-being as they relate to digital citizenship. The presentation emphasizes the importance of dialogue, collaboration, and developing a sense of belonging within online communities.
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISMAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra VinhAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
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1. 1
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
USING CHAT PLATFORM
OLALERE ABAYOMI OLANIYI
(11/52HA102)
A PROJECT SUBMITTED
TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORIN,
NIGERIA.
IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B. Sc). DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE.
JUNE, 2014
2. 2
CERTIFICATION
I certify that this project work was duly carried out by OLALERE, ABAYOMI
OLANIYI with Matriculation Number 11/52HA102 as my final year project during
2013/2014 session in the Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Communication
and Information Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria.
Dr. (Mrs) O.C. Abikoye Date
(Supervisor)
Dr. R.G. Jimoh Date
(Head Of Department)
(External Examiner) Date
3. 3
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to the omniscience, the Almighty God, my light and salvation. I
return all glory back to you lord.
4. 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All glory goes to God, the Almighty for granting me success towards the
completion of this project work
Special thanks to my loving parents Mr. & Mrs. Olalere who have labored so
much that I may be what I am today; it’s my prayer that they live long to eat the fruit of
their labor. I also want to thank my siblings; Akeem, Muhammed, Olumide, Titi,
Tarpilar, Femi, Lekan, David, Dunsin, Paul, for their moral support.
Special thanks also goes to my Supervisor; Dr.(Mrs) O.C. Abikoye for her
patience and restless effort towards the correction and final completion of this project
work. Thank you ma for providing necessary materials to carry out the work.
I appreciate all lecturers and non teaching staff who have impacted my life in one
way or the other; be it morally, spiritually or academically. I cannot forget your impact. It
is a seed sown into a fertile land.
To my co- project mates under the supervision of Dr.(Mrs) O.C. Abikoye, thank
you so much for your support and encouragement. I love you all.
5. 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents i
Title page ii
Certificate iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vi
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study 7
1.2 Statement of problem 8
1.3 Aim and Objective 8
1.4 Overview of the Method 8
1.5 Significant of the Study 8
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study 9
1.7 Definition of Terms 9
1.8 Organization of the report 10
6. 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Guidance and Counselling 11
2.2 Historical Background 12
2.3 Need for Counselling 12
2.4 Types of Guidance and Counseling 13
2.5 Characteristics of a good Counselor 13
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 Analysis of the existing system 14
3.2 Description of the proposed system 15
3.3 Software Development Methodology 16
3.4 The System Design 18
3.5 Use Case Diagram 19
3.6 Input Design 21
3.7 Output Design 30
3.8 Database Design 34
3.9 Procedural Design 39
3.10 System Flowchart 40
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Choice of Programming Language 42
4.2 System Requirement 42
8. 8
ABSTRACT
The proposed project covers the online guidance and counseling centre for
the student of the University of Ilorin. It was developed with the intention of
using electronic means to counsel students who needs to be guided in every area.
The counseling site is also to enable students interact with counselor using Chat
Online counseling has been described as an emerging trend and anytime,
anyplace activity that is supported by portable technology. Time constraints and
geographical barriers are removed with online counseling. Counseling involves a
series of skills and strategies along with a therapeutic approach. Self disclosure is
sometimes used in order to help build and deepen the therapeutic relationship. It
focuses on self-disclosure as a useful strategy for sharing information with others
in a web mediated context.
9. 9
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Guidance counselling is the process of helping individuals discover and develop
their educational, vocational, and psychological potentialities and thereby to achieve an
optimal level of personal happiness and social usefulness. Students often find themselves
caught up in an unprecedented amount of problems in their daily lives be it educational in
nature or not, these problems are vast and have roots in an un-imaginable array of topics.
Unspoken dilemmas especially amongst the youth often fester in the minds of their hosts
poisoning the very core of their person and thus leading them to partake in socially
unacceptable manners. People suffering from mental distress of any kind no matter how
minute it is, is expected to talk to someone about their problems which is arguably the
most effective means of problem solving.It is for this reason, for students to have a
listening and professional ear to adhere to their many troubles that every school is
required to have a fully staffed and operational guidance and counselling unit however
despite the gross importance of the department; it still faces a large setback concerning its
clientele. Seeing as the entire population of clients the guidance and counselling unit
caters to are students, most of them in their youth it therefore faces the major problem of
diminishing and unwilling clientele.
The major problem with the youth in accordance to seeing a professional is the
10. 10
fact that visiting a therapist/or is stigmatized as being un-cool and shameful especially in
developing nations like Nigeria where visiting a therapist or any mental health official is
akin to admitting weakness and/or insanity. Students are also very intimidated by the ors
when placed in a one-on-one face to face interaction with a member of the school staff.
The students’ unwillingness to see a professional then leaves them no option but to relay
their problems to their most likely equally incompetent friends who then proceed to offer
up wrong and sometimes potentially harmful advice. In some cases these students would
even bypass their peers and narrate their dilemmas on social network sites which to them
may seem like a good way to acquire a diverse and large number of input or simply a way
to earn sympathy, what they however tend to neglect is the fact that not everyone is a
helpful friend and some of those reading such posts will see it as an opportunity to prey
on the student's weakness. The most common and arguably the most dangerous manner
in which students deal with their problems however is keeping silent about it, once they
internalize these problems they would most likely increase in severity as the student
would seek unhealthy and dangerous acts in order to block out the mental distress he or
she is feeling. Such acts include drinking and the use of other narcotic and intoxicating
substances, joining of violent and illegal cults, bullying their peers and contemplation of
self mutilation. A guidance and counselor therefore serves as a life coach steering the
lives of their clientele in the right direction in the hopes of bringing out the best in each
client.
11. 11
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Facial communications breeds confidence as well as intimidation and
stigmatization. Some students/clients prefer online or ‘blind counselling’ also known as
anonymous to face-to-face communication. In the light of this, it is of utmost importance
to consider the disadvantages of using manual counselling which are: real-time
accessibility, inconvenience, social stigmatization and breach of trust (security).
(Dunaway, M. O 2000)
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this project is to develop an online guidance and counselling using
chat platform for University of Ilorin.
The objectives of this work are to:
1. Make student understand the concept of online counseling? provide professional
counselling services to all students in need of it at the time in which they need it
2. Eliminate the intimidation of students brought on by face-to-face interactions
with a person of authority
3. Establish a non-location biased platform for consultation by student
4. Aid the counselors in keeping track of each student and their problem
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1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Guidance and counselling is a very important program in our schools. It is the
process by which students are given advice on how to deal with emotional conflicts and
personal problems both in school and how to incorporate the same in their daily life.
Some sessions involve career guidance where students are advised on which courses to
do and which jobs to expect when one does a particular course.
Students are given solutions on how to deal with psychological problems which
might affect their studies. Through this, the students are able to develop a problem
solving skill which to an extent helps them deal with particular issues surrounding their
lives. It helps to shape a student's behavior and instil discipline in students. Students who
are guided and counseled in a right way tend to know what to do and how to do such
things.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The project work was developed with the intention of using electronic means to
counsel student who needs to be guided in every area.
The basic limitations of the project are; Due to time constraints we are unable to
book appointment with the counselor and the forms of interacting with the students which
are audio were unable to be included.
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1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Guidance counselling, by name counselling and guidance, the process of
helping individuals discover and develop their educational, vocational, and psychological
potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social
usefulness.
Audio refers to the sound system that comes with or can be added to a computer.
Chat can be defined as the set of peer –to-peer communications tools on the internet.
Check-up is to investigate or make inquiry into a person’s character, evidence when
suspicions aroused.
Online is the condition of being connected to a network of computers or other devices.
Bio data refers to factual kinds of questions about work experience and life, as well as
items involving attitudes, opinions, beliefs and values that reflect a historical perspective.
Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the
world via dedicated router and serves.
Platform consists of an operating system, the computer systems coordinating program,
which in turn is built on the instruction set for a processor, the hardware that performs
logic operations and manages data movement in computer.
Technology is the making, modification, usage and knowledge of tools, machines,
techniques and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a pre-
existing solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or
14. 14
perform a specific function.
A File can be defined as a collection of letters, numbers and special characters: it may be
a program, a database, a dissertation, a reading list or a simple letter.
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
Chapter One serves as general introduction to the study.
Chapter Two present a review of related literature.
Chapter Three consist of the analysis of the existing system.
Chapter Four deals with implementation of the new system.
Chapter Five talks about summary, conclusion and recommendation
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
Counselling is the service offered to the individual who is undergoing a problem
and needs professional help to overcome it. The Internet has become the main
“Information and data provider since its appearance at the end of the 20th century”
(Özad and Kutoğlu, 2010, p.245) Psychological helping vocations have lots of duties
because problems which are related to human beings increase and change ways. These
helping vocations come across with several developments day by day. These vocations
do not only take role in problem areas but they also have to provide supports. In field of
health, industry, and education, people need to show themselves how to be successful in
their jobs, In this situation psychological counselling starts to serve different areas and
in different ways (Cezmi, 2006).
Today computer has become an indispensable part of our daily lives with help of
the fast developing technology. In 2002, more than 600 million people used the Internet.
Therefore, more than half of the population of America have used the Internet (Nua
Internet Surveys, 2002). The numbers of the Internet users is rising on a daily basis
most of the users being young. In schools, expert psychological counselors provide
services in the field of psychological counselling and guidance. For providing
psychological counselling and guidance services, the help of an administration and a
teacher has a big contribution and it is not possible to provide service without the help
16. 16
of administration and teachers. When mothers and fathers join the process, the
improvement of students can reach optimum level (Kuzgun, 1992, p.31). Today,
technology is used in each place of education from black board to book, and from
projector to computers. Every new technology has impact on class, in other words each
brand-new technology causes changes in education. “Technology is also not a collection
of machines and devices, but a way of acting. In addition, technology refers to
modernity. In other words, technology offers people more opportunities to upgrade all
kinds of their life style” ( İşman, 2003, p.28), “With the developments of high
technology and globalization, social, cultural and educational aspects of life become
different and get better in terms of time space and communication” (İşman.et.al.,2004,
p.55).
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN GUIDANCE
AND COUNSELING CENTRE
The University of Ilorin guidance and counselling was established by the Senate
of the University on 8th
September, 2010. The Centre was established to provide a wide
range of guidance and counseling services to the members of the University of Ilorin
community, particularly students and staff of the University. The Centre was designed to
assist in addressing academics, career, social, physical and spiritual challenges. This
could interfere with personal development of members of the University community.
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING UNIT offers a variety of services with the goal of
resolving clients’’ difficulties as well as nurturing personal and collective growth. The
17. 17
services provided at the centre are delivered through individual counseling, group
counseling, seminar presentation, workshop, and Unilorin 89.3 FM Radio. The focus of
the Centre is to promote human development through self-accomplishment.
2.3 NEED FOR COUNSELLING
Counselling is an integral part of an over-all programme of guidance.
“Counselling is a specific process of assistance extended by an expert in an individual
situation to a needy person”. This means the counselling situation arises when a needy
person is face to face with and expert who makes available his assistance to the needy
individual to fulfill his needs. There is an urgent need of introducing and strengthening
the counselling service in the schools and colleges of our country to meet the various
needs of the students administrational and the educational system.
1.To help in the total development of the student: Along with the intellectual
development proper motivation and clarification of goals and ideas to pupils in
conformity with their basic potentialities and social tendencies are important total
development of the student nauseates that individual differences among them are
expected, accepted, understood and planned for and all types of experiences in an
institution are to be so organized as to contribute to the total development of the
student.
2. To help in the proper choices of courses.
3. To help in the students in vocational development.
18. 18
4. To develop readiness for choices and changes to face new challenges.
5. To minimize the mismatching between education and employment and help in
the efficient use of manpower.
6. To motivate the youth for self employment.
7. To help fresher’s establish proper identity.
8. To identify and motivate the students form weaker sections of society.
9. To help the students in their period of turmoil and confusion.
10. To identity and help students in need of special help.
11. There are such students as the gifted, the backward the handicapped who need
special opportunities. They need special attention and opportunities.
12. To ensure the proper utilization of time spent outside the classrooms.
13. To minimize the incidence of indiscipline.
2.4 TYPES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
1. Marriage and family counseling
2. Guidance and carrier counseling
3. Rehabilitation counseling
4. Mental health counseling
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5. Substance abuse counseling
6. Educational counseling
2.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD COUNSELOR
A good counselor must possess the following characteristics:
1. He or She must be patience
2. He or She must be a good listener
3. He or She must be Compassionate
4. He or She must be non-judgmental
5. He or She must be Research-oriented
6. He or She must have the ability to understand and share the feelings of others.
7. He or She must be Discrete and Encouraging
20. 20
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM
As of today the guidance and counselling unit in the University of Ilorin is
operated in a fully manual counselling arena. There are four counselors and one director
each counselor has his/her area of counselling expertise but can still handles other areas
as they are trained diversely. When students wish to see a counselor they will be given a
biodata form to fill which contain the important details of the student then counselors
may later refer to in their diagnosis, the biodata form contains information such as
student name, sex, age, level etc. Depending on whether or not there is a student in the
counselor’s office the prospective client will either wait or go into the office to see the
counselor who will then proceed with their session or make an appointment for another
day. Each student who has visited the office has a file containing the bio data form of
every visit, everything discussed in the office is under the ors oath of confidentiality.
Once the session is complete it is then the ors’ duty to carry out a check-up on the student
to make sure he or she is doing better and to set up more appointments when necessary.
The current state deals with the manual method of carrying out guidance and counselling.
When a student’s comes to the unit for consultation, a file is then opened for them in
which all the information needed about the student is collected and kept together. This
kind of registration is the manual system, which is very vulnerable to record mix up, lack
of secrecy and privacy of records. The consult get tired easily most especially when there
21. 21
are many students to be attended to in a day. In the middle of more than 100 file a single
student file is always difficult to locate and because of this reason, another method of
registration is proposed which is the application computer.
3.1.1 Problems of the existing system
In the existing system of the guidance and counseling unit system at the
University of Ilorin, the following problems are often encountered
1. Too Much of Paper Work: This existing system which is manual is based on
paper cards to collect blood donor data, keeping records of donors had many challenges
that is needed in based solution. This challenge extends to delay in accessing historical
record of an existing student when they are urgently needed.
2. Data Collection: This is one of the major problems of this system. Data are
collected manually which require the use of ink and paper for the collection of these data.
This process of data collection is not a good method of data collection. Data can get lost
during transit as result of moving papers from one office to another.
3. Insecurity: Many student feel shy and don’t want to discuss there personal
information with the counselor.
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The system will be a web based application that will fully automate the guidance
and counselling unit of the University of Ilorin. Each student will automatically have a
matriculation number based account to ensure that only students of the university would
be able to access the account. All students who wish to use the online guidance and
22. 22
faculty services would be required to register by filling up a bio data form quite similar to
that which is given presently in the manual form. Upon completion of the form the
student would then indicate the nature of his/her duress from a given list of categories;
this would ensure that the or best suited for their needs is called to attend to the student.
The system will also be using chat and audio as a means of interacting with the student.
3.2.1 Advantages of the proposed system
On policy level, web-base career guidance service can make serious contribution
to national employment and social systems.
1. It can improve the access of citizens to career information, services and support
which are not available in range;
2. Reduce significantly the cost of provision, enabling targeted services and
information addressed to specific groups’ needs;
3. Online guidance multiplies the effect of career services for individuals.
4. Technology facilitates job exploration and information search activities;
5. The variety of career resources available online can complement the face-to face
guidance and enrich the portfolio of services, empowering individuals with bigger
autonomy– they can explore the resources in self-directed way, with the assistance of
career counselor, or in networking, depending on their learning preferences and capacity;
6. Vocational orientation and training are much more attractive and transparent with the
use of online media. People can see different occupations, find learning pathways and
understand how to validate the results of their prior experience;
23. 23
7. Improved awareness on the labour market through links to current statistics, analysis,
job trends and employment opportunities;
8. Better match between individual talents and qualifications on the one hand and the
skills and qualifications demanded by employers, on the other.
9. Assist in reducing unemployment by promoting labour force activity, further training
and education and encouraging work mobility.
10. Help-lines, web forums and other online media are especially adequate for catering
young people – the so called virtual natives, who otherwise may be hard to reach within
traditional guidance provision.
11. Online guidance and resource can foster mobility and career management skills.
3.3 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING METHODOLOGY
To solve actual problems in an industry setting, a software engineer or a
team of engineers must incorporate a development strategy that encompasses the
process, methods, and tools layers and the generic phases of development. This
strategy is often referred to as a process model or a software engineering paradigm
(Rogers, 2001). A process model for software engineering is chosen based on the
nature of the project and application, the methods and tools to be used, and the
controls and deliverables that are required. The various process models are listed and
explained in the sections below.
24. 24
i. THE LINEAR SEQUENTIAL MODEL
Sometimes called the classic life cycle or the waterfall model, the linear sequential
model suggests a systematic, sequential approach to software development that begins at
the system level and progresses through analysis, design, coding, testing, and support.
Linear sequence is used when the requirements are stable. Figure 3.4 illustrates the linear
sequential model for software engineering
Figure 3.1: Process of linear sequential Model
ii. THE PROTOTYPING MODEL
This model is often used when a customer defines a set of general objectives for software
but does not identify detailed input, processing, or output requirements. In other cases,
the developer may be unsure of the efficiency of an algorithm, the adaptability of an
operating system, or the form that human/machine interaction should take. In these, and
many other situations, a prototyping paradigm may offer the best approach. It is used
when the requirement is unclear to all. The prototyping paradigm (Figure 3.2) begins
with requirements gathering. Developer and customer meet and define the overall
objectives for the software, identify whatever requirements are known, and outline areas
where further definition is mandatory.
ANALYSIS DESIGN TEST
CODE
25. 25
iii. THE RAD MODEL
Rapid application development (RAD) is an incremental software development process
model that emphasizes an extremely short development cycle. The RAD model is a
“high-speed” adaptation of the linear sequential model in which rapid development is
achieved by using component-based construction. If requirements are well understood
and project scope is constrained, the RAD process enables a development team to create
a “fully functional system” within very short time periods (e.g., 60 to 90 days)
iv. SPIRAL MODEL
The spiral model is an evolutionary software process model that couples the iterative
nature of prototyping with the controlled and systematic aspects of the linear sequential
model. It provides the potential for rapid development of incremental versions of the
software. Using the spiral model, software is developed in a series of incremental
releases. During early iterations, the incremental release might be a paper model or
prototype. During later iterations, increasingly more complete versions of the engineered
system are produced.
3.3.2 THE MODEL IMPLEMENTED
The software engineering methodology used in this project is the linear sequential
model. The reasons for using this model are stated below:
1.The requirement is stable i.e. the system inputs (the waiting time) and the output (time
26. 26
to allocate) is known.
2. The software for this project is not large.
3. The software does not require parallel development in which it will be broken down
into modules and given to different programmers to develop.
3.4 THE SYSTEM DESIGN
Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and is
applied regardless of the development paradigm and area of application. Design is the
first step in the development phase for any engineered product or system. The designer’s
goal is to produce a model or representation of an entity that will later be built.
Beginning, once system requirement have been specified and analyzed, system design is
the first of the three technical activities -design, code and test that is required to build and
verify software. The importance can be stated with a single word “Quality”. Design is the
place where quality is fostered in software development. Design provides us with
representations of software that can assess for quality. Design is the only way that we can
accurately translate a employee’s view into a finished software product or system.
Software design serves as a foundation for all the software engineering steps that follow.
Without a strong design we risk building an unstable system – one that will be difficult to
test, one whose quality cannot be assessed until the last stage. During design, progressive
refinement of data structure, program structure, and procedural details are developed
reviewed and documented. System design can be viewed from either technical or project
management perspective. From the technical point of view, design is comprised of four
28. 28
3.5 USE CASE DIAGRAM
3.5.1 Use Case Diagram for User
Figure 3.2: User use case diagram
student
or
Client
home page
Login and
Register
Book Appointment
Update data
Chat with
counsellor
Drop comment
For counselor
29. 29
3.5.2 Use case for Admin
Figure 3.3: Admin Use Case Diagram
Login/Logout
Registered Member
Enter Chat
Reply comment
Create New Counsellor
Administrator
Book Appointment
30. 30
3.6 INPUT DESIGN
This section describes various inputs that are needed for the output of the new
system to the user. The report of the student is specified. These reports are made of
characters which can either be numeric, alphanumeric and alphabetic.
New User Registration Form
Figure 3.4: New User Registration Form
39. 39
3.7 OUTPUT DESIGN
The output is design to generate details of employee information and data, the
authorize user must login to the system by making use of the authenticated staff id and
password before getting to the welcome page below.
Home Page
Figure 3.13: Home Page
42. 42
Appointment Booking Page
Figure 3.16: Appointment Booking Page
3.8 DATABASE DESIGN
Database specification
This section describes the input and output requirement for the system to be develop.
This specification involves the creation of the files in which the various variables or field
name to be used as specified together with their types and the specifications. The input in
this project is of three file which are; user registration and admin registration.
Database Use
Microsoft server 2012 was use to design the database for online guidance and
counselling. The online counselling contains seven tables.
49. 49
8 User Table:
Figure 3.23: User Table
3.9 PROCEDURE DESIGN
The structure of new system is such that provides different menu for easy accessibility
and manipulation of records. The main menu modules are described as follows.
1. USER REGISTRATION: This is the first module in the main menu. The module
takes care of student registration from which consists of student names, matric no,
sex, phone number and so on;
2. ADMIN REGISTRATION: This is the second module in the main menu. This
module takes care of the Admin registration which consists of username and
password;
50. 50
3.10 SYSTEM FLOWCHART
A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm, workflow or process,
showing the steps as boxes of various kinds and their order of connecting them with the
arrows.
51. 51
USER FLOW CHART
NO
Figure 3.24: User Flowchart
Drop
comment
Booking
appointme
nt
Updating
details
Chatting with
counselor
Close
Close
Close
End
Get menu for booking,
updating, chatting and
comments
Menu
Start
User valid?
Load page
Main page
52. 52
ADMIN FLOW CHART
Figure 3.25: Admin Flowchart
Menu
Enter Chat
Appointment Register Reply
comment
Create
new
close
ccloseClo
se
End
Start
Admin valid?
Load page
Main page
Get menu for Appointment,
Register, chat, Reply, and Create
53. 53
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 CHOICE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
PHP and MYSQL is used in designing this project, the reason for using PHP is because
of its efficiency and features it possesses compare to any other programming language.
PHP which is a scripting language is used for the web pages while MYSQL is used for
Database.PHP was mainly used in implementing the project because;
1.It is free open source software with license.
2. It is easy to learn and use compared to other programming languages.
3. It is very good for developing web pages especially dynamic web
4. It is very fast in execution.
MYSQL was also used due to the following reasons
1.It is also open source.
2. Common and generally accepted.
This process will make use of a web based series of forms that when completed, the
person in need of professional counselling would be able to identify the nature of their
challenge appropriately. This form will enable the person give an overview of what is
bothering them. There would be a secure system where only current students of the
university would be able to have access. This is going to be done by the students creating
and then registering their accounts with the use of their personal matriculation.
54. 54
4.2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
4.2.1 HARDWARE SUPPORT
Hardware: The new system will require the following hardware tool and configurations.
1. Pentium iii central processing unit
2.Minimum of 10GB of Hard-disk
3. 256 Memory (RAM)
4.2.2 SOFTWARE SUPPORT
Software: The software requirement includes the following:
1.Window 7/8 or higher versions
2.Microsoft Essential (Anti- Virus program)
3.Microsoft SQL server 2012
4.Local server
4.3 IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUE
This section describes how the new system will is implemented for effective
operation. Two features are mainly required, this features include the hardware and
software unit. The system implementation of the new system is parallel i.e. both the
existing and new system will be used concurrently before it finally has good stand in the
system. This is used because having jumped out to new system directly with existing
system completely out can cause breakdown to every record already taken during the
cause of using the new system alone if there is any problem in the program maintenance.
55. 55
4.4 DOCUMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
4.4.1 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
In order to use the proposed application on any computer system, the following
steps need to be taken
1.Boot the system
2.Install wamp server on the system ( wamp server is a local server that enables one to
view the site the way it has been designed)
3.After successful installation you will have a folder with the name wamp in the local or
hard disk
4.Copy the folder to www inside wamp folder
5.Open any browser on the system example opera, Mozilla firebox, Microsoft internet
explorer
6. Type http://localhost/counsell/home.php on the address bar and press the enter key
56. 56
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARYCONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 SUMMARY
This project work titled“Development of An Online Guidance and Counseling
using Chat Platform” Aimed at developing a web based system that will enable
Counselor to counsel student online. This work examined the challenges and short
coming of the existing system for counseling and also provides a suitable solutions, it
also highlighted the advantages and benefits of using the proposed system for counseling.
5.2 CONCLUSION
There have been many advances and influences on the field of counseling.
However, the introduction of technology, particularly emerging forms, appears to be
leaving a lasting impression on how counselors conduct their work online. It is clear that
students in the university are using the internet with increasing frequency, many with the
goal of seeking mental health help or information.
It is advises that counselors stay abreast of the rapidly changing world of
technology, particularly as it influences their work. They recommend participating in
ongoing technological training, staying familiar with online resources, and being aware
of the refinement of guidelines for internet use in counseling.
It is believe that there are many benefits to both the counselor and the
client/student when technology is introduced, but that both should be aware of practices
that safeguard confidentiality.
57. 57
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
This project write-up is recommended for every university that is still makes use
of manual method for counselling and guidance of student.
The following recommendations are hereby made to any university that may wish
to make use of this project work for computerized process of counselling. They are as
follow:
1. For further research study students should be able to do video chat with the
counselor.
2. The form of interaction which is audio should be included for better and easy
communication.
58. 58
REFRENCES
Britannica encyclopaedia(2013)
Fundamentals of Guidance and counselling- R. S.Sharma
Guidiance and counselling- A. K. Nayak
Özad,B. and Kutoğlu,Ü. (2010) The use Of the Internet in media education. The Turkish
Online Journal ofEducational Technology.
İşman, A.(2003) Technology. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational
Technology.2(1),28-33.
İşman.A. et.al (2004). The evaluation of students’ perceptions of distance education.
The Turkish Online
Journal of Educational Technology. 3(3), 55-61.
Kuzgun, Y. (1992). Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma. ÖSYM Yayınları, Ankara, pp.37.
Nua İnternet Surveys, (2004). How many online? Retrieved from 4.10.2004,
http://www.nua.ie,
,B. and Kutoğlu,Ü. (2010) The use Of the Internet in media education. The Turkish
Online Journal of Educational Technology
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APPENDIX
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Untitled Document</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="javascript/jquery-1.3.js"></script>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="menu_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
// create the image rotator
setInterval("rotateImages()", 2000);
});
function rotateImages() {
var oCurPhoto = $('#photoShow div.current');
var oNxtPhoto = oCurPhoto.next();
if (oNxtPhoto.length == 0)
oNxtPhoto = $('#photoShow div:first');
oCurPhoto.removeClass('current').addClass('previous');
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<div> <img src="images/2.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/3.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/4.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="body">
<div id="body_left">
<div class="span_back"><center>Welcome to Guidance and counsellin
Centre</center></div>
As of today the guidance and counselling unit in the University of Ilorin is operated in a
fully manual counselling arena. There are four counsellors and one director each
counsellor has his/her area of counselling expertise but can still handles other areas as
they are trained diversely. There are two counselling offices.
When students wish to see a counsellor they will be given a biodata form to fill which
contain the important details of the student then counsellors may later refer to in their
diagnosis, the biodata form contains information such as
Depending on whether or not there is a student in the counsellor’s office the prospective
client will either wait or go into the office to see the counsellor who will then proceed
with their session or make an appointment for another day.
<hr />
<div class="span_back"><center>Welcome to Guidance and counsellin
Centre</center></div>
Each student who has visited the office has a file containing the bio data form of every
visit, everything discussed in the office is under the ors oath of confidentiality. Once the
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<div id="photoShow">
<div class="current"> <img src="images/1.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900"
height="270" class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/2.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/3.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/4.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="body">
<div id="body_left">
<div class="span_back"><center>About Guidance and counsellin
Centre</center></div>
Guidance counselling, by name counselling and guidance, the process of helping
individuals discover and develop their educational, vocational, and psychological
potentialities and thereby to achieve an optimal level of personal happiness and social
usefulness.
Students often find themselves caught up in an unprecedented amount of problems in
their daily lives be it educational in nature or not, these problems are vast and have roots
in an un-imaginable array of topics. Unspoken dilemmas especially amongst the youth
often fester in the minds of their hosts poisoning the very core of their person and thus
leading them to partake in socially unacceptable manners. People suffering from mental
distress of any kind no matter how minute it is, is expected to talk to someone about their
problems which is arguably the most effective means of problem solving.
<hr />
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$errors=array_merge($errors, check_required_fields($required_fields, $_POST));
$fields_with_lengths=array('username'=>30, 'password'=>30);
$errors=array_merge($errors, check_max_field_lengths($fields_with_lengths,$_POST));
$username=trim(mysql_prep($_POST['username']));
$password=trim(mysql_prep($_POST['password']));
$redirect = (isset($_REQUEST['redirect'])) ? $_REQUEST['redirect'] :
'adminpanel.php';
if(empty($errors)){
//check database to see if username and the hashed password exist there
$query = "select * ";
$query .= "from login_admin ";
$query .= "where username = '{$username}' ";
$query .= "and password = '{$password}'";
$result_set=mysql_query($query);
confirm_query($result_set);
if(mysql_num_rows($result_set)==1)
{
//username/password authenticated and only one match
$found_user=mysql_fetch_array($result_set);
$_SESSION['user_id']=$found_user['id'];
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$_SESSION['username']=$found_user['username'];
$_SESSION['logged'] = 1;
{
header ('Refresh: 5; URL=' . $redirect);
echo ' <p> You will be redirected to your original page request. </p> ';
echo ' <p> If your browser doesn't redirect you properly
automatically, ' .
' <a href="' . $redirect . '"> click here </a> . </p> ';
die();
}
}
else{
$message='<strong style="color:red;">'.'Username/Password combination is
incorrect'.'</strong>';
}
}
else
{
if (count($errors)==1){
$message="There was 1 error in the form";
}else{ $message="There were"." ".count($errors)." "."errors in the form";
}
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}
}
else
{
//form has not been submitted
$username="";
$password="";
$message="";
if(isset($_GET['logout']) && $_GET['logout']==1)
{
$message="<b><i>You are now logout</i></b>";
}
}
?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Untitled Document</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="javascript/jquery-1.3.js"></script>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="menu_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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**/
//$query = 'SELECT matric_no FROM student_users WHERE matric_no = "' .
//$matric_no . '"';
//$result = mysql_query($query, $connection) or die(mysql_error());
if (mysql_num_rows($result) == 1) {
$errors[] = 'matric_no ' . $matric_no.' is already registered.';
$matric_no = '';
}
if(empty($errors)){
$query="insert into
appointment(matric_no,names,counselling_center,year,month,days,time)
values('{$matric_no}','{$names}','{$counselling_center}','{$year}','{$month}','{$days}','
{$time}')";
$result=mysql_query($query,$connection);
if($result)
{
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header ('Refresh: 5; URL=' . $redirect);
echo ' <p> You will be redirected to your original page request. </p> ';
echo ' <p> If your browser doesn't redirect you properly
automatically, ' .
' <a href="' . $redirect . '"> click here </a> . </p> ';
die();
}
else
{
$message="The user could not be created";
$message.= "<br/>" . mysql_error();
}
}
else
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{
if (count($errors)==1){
$message="There was 1 error in the form, Ensure all columns with asteric are filled(*)";
}else{ $message="There were "." ".count($errors)." "."errors in the form, Ensure all
columns with asteric are filled(*)";
}
}
}
else
{
//form has not been
submitted
$matric_no="";
$names="";
$counselling_center="";
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<div id="photoShow">
<div class="current"> <img src="images/1.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900"
height="270" class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/2.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/3.jpg" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
<div> <img src="images/4.png" alt="Photo Gallery" width="900" height="270"
class="gallery" /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="body">
<a href="logout_student.php">Click here to Logout</a>
<p>
<span style="color:white; background-color:#060">Book Time for Appointment by
choosing any category of the counselling unit</span>
</p>
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<?php if(!empty($message));
{
echo "<p
class="message">" .$message. "</p>";
}
?>
<form id="form1" name="form1" method="post" action="book_appointment.php">
<table width="836">
<tr>
<?php
//Automatically generate registration numbers for student that are registered
$sql = mysql_query("select * from student_users where matric_no='" .
$_SESSION['matric_no'] .
"'") or die(mysql_error());
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($sql);
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/// Insert your HTML FORMATTING BELOW HERE WITH THESE VARIABLE
?>
<td>Matric No</td>
<td><label for=""></label>
<input type="text" name="matric_no" value="<?php echo $row[matric_no];
?>"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Names</td>
<td><label for="textfield2"></label>
<input type="text" name="names" id="textfield2" value="<?php echo
$row[names]; ?>"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<td width="327">Sections in the Counselling Center</td>
<td width="463"><label for="select"></label>
<select name="counselling_center" id="select">
<option selected="selected">Select</option>
<option value="Education Academic Counselling">Education Academic
Counselling</option>
<option value="Carrier Guidance Counselling">Carrier Guidance
Counselling</option>
<option value="Personal Social Counselling">Personal Social
Counselling</option>
<option value="Mariage and Family Counselling">Mariage and Family
Counselling</option>
<option value="Financial Counselling">Financial Counselling</option>
<option value="Health Counselling">Health Counselling</option>
<option value="Research and Other Counselling Related activities">Research and
Other Counselling Related activities</option>
</select></td>