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A Body of Evidence Harriet Jacobs, Luce Irigaray and the Economy of the Body
THE PROJECT To create a textual dialogue between Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Luce Irigaray’s “Women on the Market” that is critical, historically aware, and framed by an understanding of intersection and its role within the economy of the body.
Irigaray’s Theory: “All systems of exchange that organize patriarchal societies and all the modalities of productive work that are recognized, valued, and rewarded in these societies are men’s business. The production of women, signs, and commodities are always referred back to men (when a man buys a girl, he ‘pays’ the father or the brother, not the mother…) and they always pass from one man to another… …The work force is thus always assumed to be masculine, and ‘products’ are objects to be used, objects of transaction, among men alone.” (Irigaray 800)
A Conversation Between Texts Irigaray disallows a concept of the body as an agent, thereby also disallowing any possibility of resistance. “In order to serve as [commodities], [women] give up their bodies to men…they yield to him their natural and social value as a locus of imprints, marks, and a mirage of his activity” (803) Jacobs narrates bodies that are not only acting as agents despite not being recognized as such within institutions of slavery, but she is using her body to resist her commoditization Her body serves as a testimony for her abuses and becomes evidence that solidifies the credibility of her narrative voice. She manipulates her exchange through the use of her sexuality.
A Conversation Between Texts Irigaray places women into three categories, Mother, Virgin, Prostitute, and claims that women are subconsciously attempting to increase their exchange value and move within these categories through beautification, social status, etc.  “As mother woman remains on the side of (re)productive nature…the virginal woman, on the other hand is pure exchange value…The prostitute remains to be considered, explicitly condemned by the social order she remains implicitly tolerated” (807-808). “The important thing is that they be preoccupied with their respective values, that their remarks confirm the exchangers’ plan for them”(804) Jacobs is consciously trying to decrease her value because a high exchange value marks her as a victim for sexual violence noting that if a slave is pretty, “I have indicated plainly enough what will be [her] inevitable destiny” (58).  slave women are unable to occupy any of the categories A slave woman’s value is evaluated not by material beauty, education, and social status, because a slave has no access to material wealth, no legal access to education, and certainly no way to increases her social position through the process of her exchange.
The Big Picture 	Irigaray’s theory about the economy of women is not incorrect but it is incomplete. By reading Jacobs and Irigaray as an intertextual dialogue rather than a one sided critique one can see where these texts theoretically converge as they develop ideas about the body. It is in this way that the critic can extract from this conversation a theory about the body as commodity that is historically accurate and aware of the role of intersection. The way that these two texts converse does not only make critiques of Irigaray’s theory and enlighten Jacobs’ struggle with in slavery by placing it within a theoretical discourse. It also functions as a possible tool and critique of feminist critics that take Irigaray to task on her disregard of intersectionality by giving us a historical, critical and literary location for doing so.

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Final presentation for engl675

  • 1. A Body of Evidence Harriet Jacobs, Luce Irigaray and the Economy of the Body
  • 2. THE PROJECT To create a textual dialogue between Harriet Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Luce Irigaray’s “Women on the Market” that is critical, historically aware, and framed by an understanding of intersection and its role within the economy of the body.
  • 3. Irigaray’s Theory: “All systems of exchange that organize patriarchal societies and all the modalities of productive work that are recognized, valued, and rewarded in these societies are men’s business. The production of women, signs, and commodities are always referred back to men (when a man buys a girl, he ‘pays’ the father or the brother, not the mother…) and they always pass from one man to another… …The work force is thus always assumed to be masculine, and ‘products’ are objects to be used, objects of transaction, among men alone.” (Irigaray 800)
  • 4. A Conversation Between Texts Irigaray disallows a concept of the body as an agent, thereby also disallowing any possibility of resistance. “In order to serve as [commodities], [women] give up their bodies to men…they yield to him their natural and social value as a locus of imprints, marks, and a mirage of his activity” (803) Jacobs narrates bodies that are not only acting as agents despite not being recognized as such within institutions of slavery, but she is using her body to resist her commoditization Her body serves as a testimony for her abuses and becomes evidence that solidifies the credibility of her narrative voice. She manipulates her exchange through the use of her sexuality.
  • 5. A Conversation Between Texts Irigaray places women into three categories, Mother, Virgin, Prostitute, and claims that women are subconsciously attempting to increase their exchange value and move within these categories through beautification, social status, etc. “As mother woman remains on the side of (re)productive nature…the virginal woman, on the other hand is pure exchange value…The prostitute remains to be considered, explicitly condemned by the social order she remains implicitly tolerated” (807-808). “The important thing is that they be preoccupied with their respective values, that their remarks confirm the exchangers’ plan for them”(804) Jacobs is consciously trying to decrease her value because a high exchange value marks her as a victim for sexual violence noting that if a slave is pretty, “I have indicated plainly enough what will be [her] inevitable destiny” (58). slave women are unable to occupy any of the categories A slave woman’s value is evaluated not by material beauty, education, and social status, because a slave has no access to material wealth, no legal access to education, and certainly no way to increases her social position through the process of her exchange.
  • 6. The Big Picture Irigaray’s theory about the economy of women is not incorrect but it is incomplete. By reading Jacobs and Irigaray as an intertextual dialogue rather than a one sided critique one can see where these texts theoretically converge as they develop ideas about the body. It is in this way that the critic can extract from this conversation a theory about the body as commodity that is historically accurate and aware of the role of intersection. The way that these two texts converse does not only make critiques of Irigaray’s theory and enlighten Jacobs’ struggle with in slavery by placing it within a theoretical discourse. It also functions as a possible tool and critique of feminist critics that take Irigaray to task on her disregard of intersectionality by giving us a historical, critical and literary location for doing so.