The document discusses various cardiac conditions including:
1) Acute rheumatic fever which can cause small, firmly attached vegetations on heart valves that rarely cause problems and usually resolve after the acute episode.
2) Long-term effects of rheumatic fever include diffuse fibrosis and thickening of heart valves, sometimes with calcification, resulting in stenosis.
3) Images show marked mitral valve stenosis and calcification as well as less severe tricuspid valve involvement from rheumatic fever. The mitral and aortic valves are more commonly affected than the tricuspid or pulmonary valves.
Patients with Barrett's esophagus have a 40 times higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. Barrett's esophagus involves a change in the normal esophageal lining to an abnormal columnar epithelium and can progress from low-grade dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia (a pre-cancerous condition) and eventually invasive cancer. Whole body PET imaging of a patient who underwent radiation therapy 6 weeks prior showed intense uptake in the gastroesophageal junction measuring 5.9cm by 4.9cm, consistent with residual cancer. Focal uptake was also seen in the left adrenal gland and a lymph node, indicating metastatic disease.
The document describes the anatomy of the esophagus and surrounding structures. It lists key components of the esophagus including the squamocolumnar junction, esophageal sphincter, aortic arch, diaphragm, cricoid cartilage, and bifurcation of the trachea. It also images the esophageal muscles contracted and relaxed around a bolus of food passing through the esophagus.
The document discusses various cardiac conditions including:
1) Acute rheumatic fever which can cause small, firmly attached vegetations on heart valves that rarely cause problems and usually resolve after the acute episode.
2) Long-term effects of rheumatic fever include diffuse fibrosis and thickening of heart valves, sometimes with calcification, resulting in stenosis.
3) Images show marked mitral valve stenosis and calcification as well as less severe tricuspid valve involvement from rheumatic fever. The mitral and aortic valves are more commonly affected than the tricuspid or pulmonary valves.
Patients with Barrett's esophagus have a 40 times higher risk of developing esophageal cancer. Barrett's esophagus involves a change in the normal esophageal lining to an abnormal columnar epithelium and can progress from low-grade dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia (a pre-cancerous condition) and eventually invasive cancer. Whole body PET imaging of a patient who underwent radiation therapy 6 weeks prior showed intense uptake in the gastroesophageal junction measuring 5.9cm by 4.9cm, consistent with residual cancer. Focal uptake was also seen in the left adrenal gland and a lymph node, indicating metastatic disease.
The document describes the anatomy of the esophagus and surrounding structures. It lists key components of the esophagus including the squamocolumnar junction, esophageal sphincter, aortic arch, diaphragm, cricoid cartilage, and bifurcation of the trachea. It also images the esophageal muscles contracted and relaxed around a bolus of food passing through the esophagus.