Federalism in canada
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Canada's federal system was established under the British North America Act, initially uniting three provinces. The constitution allocates powers between the federal and provincial governments. It gives the federal parliament authority over 29 subjects in section 91, and allocates 16 local subjects to provincial legislatures in section 92. Constitutional amendments require the approval of both houses of parliament and two-thirds of the provinces representing at least 50% of the population. The judiciary is led by the Supreme Court of Canada, with federal and provincial appellate courts below it.
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Preamble
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish
Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do
ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
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Section 1 - The Legislature
All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States,
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Section 2 - The House
The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year
by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the
Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State
Legislature.
No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five
Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when
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Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other
Persons.) (The previous sentence in parentheses was modified by the 14th
Amendment, section 2.) The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after
the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term
of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives
shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one
Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire
shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight,
Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five and
Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority
thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.
The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall
have the sole Power of Impeachment.
Section 3 - The Senate
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State,
(chosen by the Legislature thereof,) (The preceding words in parentheses superseded
by 17th Amendment, section 1.) for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall
be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of th ...
The constitution of jamaica
The document provides an overview of key aspects of Jamaica's constitution, including how it was established through an Order in Council, its status as the supreme law, provisions around alteration and entrenchment of certain sections, separation of powers, and judicial review. It also discusses interpretation of fundamental rights and freedoms provisions and legislation enacted to expand these rights pending full constitutional reform.
The U.S. Constitution and the Bill of RightsThe U.S. Constitutio.docx
The U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights
The U.S. Constitution is divided into seven separate articles, which are numbered using the Roman numerals I–VII. Each article has sections that define and clarify the article. The Constitution is approximately 4300 words in length. Each article outlines a basic function of government. Let's learn what these articles state.
When the U.S. Constitution was finalized, it was signed and sent to the states for ratification. The ratification process required 9 of the 13 states to agree to ratification before the U.S. Constitution was official. As a compromise with the antifederalists, the Bill of Right was conceived to allay their fears and to buy support for the ratification. After lengthy discussions among the states, in 1789, the Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution as the first ten amendments, which aimed at protecting the rights of the citizens of the newly formed United States of America. Today we cannot imagine the Constitution without the Bill of Rights. However, the original Constitution did not have the Bill of Rights until it was amended. Let's learn about the Bill of Rights.
The last amendment (Twenty-Seventh Amendment, limiting congressional pay increases) to the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1992. Ratification occurs after three-fourths of the states vote for the amendment.
Congressional Outputs and Committee Work
Both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate has many committees and subcommittees. It is often stated that the real work of Congress is done in committee. This is where bills are initially assigned, debated, and amended. A bill can remain in committee and never emerge. Passing through a committee is a rite of passage for bills that become law. The main responsibilities of these committees are related to legislation, but there are other committees that have other outputs. Let's learn about the different types of congressional committees.
Legislation that reaches the U.S. House or the U.S. Senate is referred to a committee, depending on congressional law and procedures. It can go to the standing committee or a subcommittee, where the initial work is done on the legislation. After the hearings are complete, the bill undergoes a markup (or changes that have occurred to the bill as a result of the work of the subcommittee). If the bill is accepted by the subcommittee, it goes to the standing committee for a vote or further hearings. If ultimately passed by both houses of Congress the bill must be reconciled between the U.S. House and the U.S. Senate so that both legislative bodies pass exactly the same bill.
The U.S. Court System
The judicial branch of the U.S. government was created by Article III of the U.S. Constitution. At the time of the signing of the Constitution, there was no federal court system and the states had control over the loosely interpreted rule of law. The shaping of the judiciary was left to Congress, which decided the number of justice.
US Constitution
The document is a transcription of the original US Constitution. It establishes the structure of the United States government with three branches - legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch is comprised of Congress which has two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. Representatives are elected every two years by citizens and senators are elected by state legislatures for six year terms. The Constitution outlines the powers granted to Congress and limitations on federal and state governments.
The constitution of the united states academic
The document contains excerpts from the United States Constitution. It establishes the structure of the U.S. federal government and divides power into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch is Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. The executive branch is led by the President. The judicial branch is the federal court system. It also outlines citizen rights and states' powers. The Constitution can be amended through a process requiring approval by Congress and the states.
NATION , STATE & GLOBALIZATION._POLITICAL GOVERNANCEpptx
The document summarizes key aspects of the three branches of government in the Philippines according to the 1987 Constitution. It outlines that legislative power is vested in the Congress consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives. It describes the composition of each. It also discusses the roles and powers of the executive and judiciary branches. The executive power is vested in the President while judicial power rests with the Supreme Court and lower courts. It provides historical context around periods of Spanish rule, American rule, Japanese occupation, and the Tydings-McDuffie Act that established the process for Philippine independence.
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The document discusses the various sources of law in the United States including constitutions, courts, legislatures, voters, and administrative agencies. It outlines the framework of the US federal government based on separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, and includes checks and balances. The document also discusses federalism, state governments, the process for changing constitutions, and examples of different types of laws.
The U.S. Constitution - the Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27 and the Decla...
The U.S. Constitution - the Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27 and the Declaration of Independence : pamphlet published as a public service for consumers by the Florida Bar
This pamphlet is published by The Florida Bar Public Information and Bar Services Department as a service for consumers.
Single copies of this pamphlet and others are free upon request
by sending a self-addressed, legal size stamped envelope for
each pamphlet requested to Consumer Pamphlets, The Florida
Bar, 651 E. Jefferson St., Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2300. To
view a list of the entire consumer pamphlet series, the full text of
each pamphlet and ordering information visit www.FloridaBar.
org/consumerpamphlets
6 constitutional supremacy v parliamentary (1)
This document discusses and compares the concepts of constitutional supremacy versus parliamentary supremacy. It provides details on the key implications of constitutional supremacy in Malaysia, which include:
1) The Constitution being the highest law of the land that takes precedence over ordinary laws and limits the powers of Parliament.
2) The federal structure of Malaysia which divides powers between the federal and state governments.
3) The ability of courts to conduct judicial review and invalidate laws and acts that are inconsistent with the Constitution.
4) The entrenchment of fundamental rights and liberties in the Constitution that even Parliament cannot encroach on.
6 constitutional supremacy v parliamentary (1)
This document discusses and compares the concepts of constitutional supremacy versus parliamentary supremacy. It provides details on the key implications of constitutional supremacy in Malaysia, which include:
1) The Constitution being the highest law of the land, above all other laws.
2) Parliament having limited and defined powers that are subject to the Constitution.
3) A federal system with division of powers between federal and state governments.
4) Fundamental rights protections, though the courts have been reluctant to enforce them against legislation.
5) The courts having the power of judicial review to invalidate laws and actions that are unconstitutional.
Ghetnet Metiku - The powers of courts in ethiopia in the interpretation and a...
This document discusses the powers of courts in Ethiopia to interpret and apply international human rights provisions. It provides an overview of Ethiopia's judiciary system including federal, state, municipal and religious courts. It also lists the major international human rights instruments that Ethiopia has ratified. The document discusses debates around the status of these international instruments in Ethiopia's legal hierarchy and their justiciability. It explains that courts have a duty to protect and promote human rights based on Ethiopia's constitution and ratified international agreements. However, challenges remain around the status, implementation and accessibility of the international instruments in domestic courts.
The constitution of the united states
The document provides excerpts from the United States Constitution, outlining the structure and powers of the federal government. It establishes three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial - and divides Congress into the House of Representatives and Senate. Key powers granted to Congress include taxation, commerce regulation, and declaring war. The President is established as commander-in-chief and makes treaties with approval of the Senate. The judicial branch has a Supreme Court with life terms for judges. The Constitution can be amended through a process requiring approval by Congress and state legislatures.
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Learn more on how to obtain the work permit for self-employed persons in Italy at https://immigration-italy.com/selfemployment-work-permit-in-italy/.
在线办理(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentation
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
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Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
Alter Ego: If there is such a unity of interest and ownership between the corporation and its shareholders or members that the separate personalities of the corporation and the individuals no longer exist, courts may treat the corporation as the alter ego of its owners and hold them personally liable.
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在线办理(SU毕业证书)美国雪城大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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The legal profession, which has historically been male-dominated, has experienced a significant increase in the number of women entering the field over the past few decades. Despite this progress, women lawyers continue to encounter various challenges as they strive for top positions.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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Federalism in canada
- 1. Federalism in Canada: Canada Established Under the British North America Act. Initially 3 states such as Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick The Canadian Constitution Act,1982 Division of Powers between Centre and States S.91 gives 29 subjects to parliament Few enumerated subjects were assigned to provinces under section 92. The subjects allotted to States are 16, they are local in nature. Federal Govt. is given the power to disallow any law passed by a provincial legislature within a year of its enactment Federal Govt. possessed the power of appointing and removing the Lieutenant- Governor in each province. Federal Govt. can instruct Lieutenant –Governor to withhold the bills
- 2. The Federal Government got the power to prevent the provincial legislatures from making laws upon its own allotted subjects Members of Senate were nominated by the Federal Government Amending Procedure : Part V Canadian Constitution Act, Sections38-49 An amendment may be initiated by house of commons, senate or legislative assembly of a province. A resolution by House of Commons and Senate and resolutions of Provincial Legislative Assemblies of at least 2/3rd of the provinces that have in aggregate according to the latest general census, at least 50% of the population of all the provinces. The amendments affecting the rights of provinces or privileges of the legislatures also should follow the above
- 3. Assent of all provincial legislature is required for the following Constitutional amendment: The office of the Queen, the Governor- General, Lieutenant Governor of province. The right of province to sent number of members in the house of commons Section 43 provisions relating to the use of English and French in provinces. Composition of Supreme Court. Part- V, provisions relating to amendment.
- 4. JUDICIARY UNDER CANADIAN CONSTITUTION Section 101 which empowers parliament to create courts for the administration of Justice. Supreme Court of Canada is a court of general appellate Jurisdiction, Standing at the top of hierarchy of federal and provincial courts. It has jurisdiction over all kinds of cases Supreme court can apply both Federal and provincial laws. There are Federal Court of Appeal and Court of Appeal of Province Original Jurisdiction for the Supreme Court- reference by Govt. of Canada