Fatigue in football players due to misuse of sport drinks

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Fatigue in Football players.

NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE DURING RESISTANCE EXERCISE AFFECTS CARDIAC AUTONOMIC MODULATION Carballeira, E. 1; Iglesias-Soler, E. 1; Mayo, X. 1; Sánchez-Otero, T. 1; Boullosa, D.A. 2 1.Department of Physical Education and Sport. UDC. Spain 2.Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education. CUB. Brazil. Introduction Acute changes in heart rate variability (HRV) have been shown to be a useful tool for quantifying training load on autonomic nervous system (Kaikkonen et al. 2010). Resistance exercise produces a disruption on homeostasis that can modify HRV and heart rate complexity (Heffernan et al. 2008). However, the magnitude of neuromuscular fatigue can be modulated by set configuration (Iglesias-Soler et al. 2012). Therefore, we studied the relationship between cardiac autonomic modulation and neuromuscular performance after two same volume but different set configuration RE sessions. Methods Nine male subjects completed a session of three sets to failure (FS) of parallel squat with 4 repetitions maximum (4RM), and a rest of 180 seconds between sets (total resting time of 360 s). At least 72 hours after, subjects performed a cluster session (CS) with the same volume (load x repetitions) but total resting time distributed between each repetition. HRV and complexity (SamEn) analysis was performed before, during, and after sessions. Isometric and dynamic explosive performance (IEP) was tested before, immediately after, and seven minutes after every session. Results SampEn decreased during both sessions, whereas SampEn_CS was higher than SampEn_FS (p=0.047; d=0.9). Furthermore, we found a reduction from vagal modulation on the heart after CS and FS, being only high frequency band (HF=0.15-0.4) post-session higher in CS than FS (p=0.032; d =0.80). However, type of session and time presented no clear interaction. Regarding autonomic and mechanical association, we found that a higher increment in cardiac sympathetic modulation (i.e. higher increment in LF/HF) in FS was linked to a lower loss of mean propulsive power. In addition, Isometric performance changes in CS were positively related with SampEn changes. Discussion Our results agree with previous studies on RE (Heffernan et al. 2008). We speculate that fatigue produced by exercises was not enough to induce greater differences in cardiac autonomic control and studies with more stressful workouts are needed to clarify the effect of different set-configurations. In the other hand, correlations between HRV and IEP were evident in both sessions, therefore, further studies should be made in order to analyse the usefulness of HRV as a tool to monitoring neuromuscular fatigue in RE. References Heffernan KS, Sosnoff JJ, Jae SY, Gates GJ, Fernhall B (2008). Int J Sports Med 29:289-293. Iglesias-Soler E, Carballeira E, Sanchez-Otero T, Mayo X, Jimenez A, Chapman ML (2012). Int J Sports Med 33:351-358. Kaikkonen P, Hynynen E, Mann T, Rusko H, Nummela A (2010). Eur J Appl Physiol 108:435-442.

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