This is the slide deck for a library presentation I have been giving on fake news and how to be a wise news consumer in an era of misinformation.

2.  Phenomenon of fake news, and what we as news
consumers can do about it.
 Changes in the news industry, politics and news
consumption.
 Wide range of misleading news.
 How to evaluate news and fight fake news.

3.  Fake news, and news media credibility are
not new issues
 Continuum: propaganda, hype,
bias. What’s in common?They mislead
 Different from rhetoric, persuasion
 Different from erroneous

7. What is Fake
News?
• Deliberately false
• Spread via social
media
• Not just politics,
also business,
science
Link

8. “The most-read news articles are usually the ones containing the click-
bait words," Dimitri says. “The click bait words, as you know, are,
'Oh my god, breaking news, wow.‘”
“Say you produce ten lies a day, [the audience] is not going to
believe ten lies, they are going to believe probably
one or maximum two," he says. “Usually the lies about [Clinton's]
emails and the lies about Hillary. The anti-Hillary posts were really good.”
Dimitri, 17, VELES, Macedonia - "Fake News: How a Partying Macedonian Teen Earns Thousands Publishing
Lies, NBC news")

12. Fake news and more
Fake News
Satire
Extreme Bias
Conspiracy Theory
Rumor Mill
State News
Junk Science
Hate News
Clickbait
Website Labels for OpenSources.co:

14. https://www.newyorkjournal.us/category/us/

16. Link
Hype
• A grain of truth
• Misleading

18. Link

22. Erroneous reporting
FROMTHE EDITORS;TheTimes and Iraq
MAY 26, 2004
“But we have found a number of instances of coverage
that was not as rigorous as it should have been. In some
cases, information that was controversial then, and
seems questionable now, was insufficiently qualified or
allowed to stand unchallenged. Looking back, we wish
we had been more aggressive in re-examining the claims
as new evidence emerged -- or failed to emerge.”

23. “Information, especially of a biased or
misleading nature, used to promote or
publicize a particular political cause or point
of view.”

24. Link

25. Propaganda
Link

28. • “Influence operations”
• Twitter bots
• Facebook targeting
• Big data-based – billions
of data points

29. Hamilton

30.  Who published it ?
 URL: Brand, com.co, newslo, politicot.com
 Date
 Who wrote it?
 Ads
 “About” section

31.  Is it the original story?
 Is the headline supported?What are the quotes?
 How are facts attributed?
 Are there named sources?
 Correct news style?
 Balance – does it acknowledge another viewpoint?

32.  Multiple outlets
 Multiple points of view
 AllSides.com

34. Source: University of
Missouri study, based on
user survey of 28 news
sources

35. Aggregators
 Flipboard
 Apple News
Wire services
 Reuters
 Associated Press
Newsletters
 Boston Globe
 NewYorkTimes
 AXIOS
 POLITICO

36.  Snopes
 Politifact
 b

37. Link

39. Link