This study investigated how school librarians in North Somerset, UK interpret guidelines regarding the delivery of information literacy. A questionnaire and focus group were used to understand librarians' knowledge of guidelines, roles in information literacy delivery, and barriers faced. Key findings included that senior management lacked understanding of librarians' potential roles and that librarians themselves prioritized other roles over information literacy and lacked confidence in related skills. Recommendations centered on statutory library provision for clarity, more proactive librarians, and engaged senior management support.

1. +
“They are only guidelines after all…”
Frances Tout
Investigating how school librarians
interpret guidelines to deliver
information literacy: a case study of
North Somerset secondary school
libraries.

2. +
What is Information Literacy (IL)?
 Thedefinition used for this study is provided by
CILIP (2004)
Information literacy is knowing when and why you
need information, where to find it, and how to
evaluate, use and communicate it in an ethical
manner.

3. +
Background
 School libraries are not statutory in the UK so there are no
official regulations in place as to the role of the school library or
the librarian.
 In place of regulations there are guidelines from Government
agencies and professional bodies – DfE, Ofsted, SLA, CILIP.
The delivery of information literacy plays a key role in these
organisations’ guidance.
 This case study intended to give a comprehensive
representation of information literacy delivery through school
libraries in one geographical area but its findings may be
indicative of a wider trend.

4. +
Research Questions
 1.
How do school librarians interpret guidelines
concerning information literacy?
 2.What are the key factors affecting the delivery of
information literacy in secondary school libraries?

5. +
Research Methods - 1
Questionnaire
 Initial research collected data from an in depth online
questionnaire to all school librarians in North Somerset.
Data collected included:
 information about the school;
 the library;
 the librarian;
 knowledge of guidelines on information literacy;
 the library’s role in the delivery of information literacy;
 any perceived barriers to its delivery.
All nine secondary schools responded to the questionnaire.

6. +
Research Methods 2
Focus Group
 A mini-focus group was set up with three of the nine
librarians being able to attend.
 This gave the librarians a chance to discuss the
delivery of information literacy in an interactive
setting, amongst peers and share experiences.
 Themes from the questionnaire responses were
extracted and used as the stimulus for discussion.

7. +

8. +
Findings
 Training and development had been identified in the literature review
as having a key impact on the librarians’ ability to deliver information
literacy.
North Somerset School Librarians - Training and Development
56%
Qualified Librarians 44%
67%
Membership of SLA or CILIP 33%
67%
Able to Keep up with Developments in the Library Profession 33%
22%
Provide Training for School Staff 88%
100%
A end INSET Training at School 0%
67%
Able to A end External Training Courses 11%
22%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Percentage of Total Number of Librarians
Yes No No Answer

9. +
Librarians were asked: What are the Library’s key roles within the
school? Please list in order of priority number 1 being the most
important.

10. +
Information Literacy Data
1
Does your school have a policy on information literacy? 4
4
Are you aware of any Government guidelines on information literacy 4
5
Questions asked to Librarians
for schools or school libraries?
Are you aware of any other available guidelines which cover 4
5
information literacy for schools or school libraries?
3
Do you use any available guidelines on information literacy? 5
1
Does the library or school follow any information literacy models? 7
2
1
Do you deliver information skills or information literacy sessions? 8
8
Do you teach information skills on an informal basis? 1
Are you satisfied with the amount of information literacy provision 2
7
within the school?
0 2 4 6 8 10
Total Number of Librarians
Yes No Don't Know No Answer
Guidelines and information literacy data from North Somerset secondary school librarians

11. +

12. +
Key Factors Affecting the Delivery of
IL - 1
 Senior Management – Findings suggest that senior managers
do not fully understand the role of the librarian and are not
aware of the potential of the librarian’s role in the delivery of IL.
 Schools did not seem actively engaged with IL.
 Librarians perceived that teachers had limited knowledge of
research skills.
 Librarian’s status – only two were on management teams.
Librarians were generally not thought of as being equal to
teachers, the focus group reported that they found it hard to get
teachers to work with them.

13. + Key Factors Affecting the Delivery of
IL - 2
 Librarians’ views of their roles
 IL not seen as a high in their lists of key roles.
 Librarians keep to their comfort zones focusing on reader
development and promoting a love of reading.
 Focus group agreed that there was a lack of confidence in their
abilities to deliver IL or INSET training.
 Librarians were not challenged in their roles by senior management
leading to a tendency to concentrate on what they did best.
 Librarians lack of engagement with ICT resources, did not always
feel confident with new technologies, prefer text-based resources –
importance of continual professional development.
 Unqualified librarians viewed their role and position in school quite
differently to qualified librarians, concentrating on provision of
resources and facilities, providing a supporting role.
 Qualified librarians saw their role as central to teaching and
learning, aware of their potential in information literacy but struggling
to deliver in practice.

14. +
Recommendations - 1
 Statutory provision of school libraries:
As the job differs between schools it is difficult to ensure that teaching
staff have a clear understanding of the librarian’s role. Statutory
provision would give clear statutory guidance regarding the role and
responsibilities of the school librarian.
 Librarians need to be more proactive:
 use available guidelines as advocacy tools
 engage more with ICT
 attend training
 deliver INSET
 collaborate more with teachers
 join a professional body.

15. +
Recommendations - 2
 Senior Managers should:
 Greater understanding of librarian’s role, skills and potential.
 Involve librarian in middle management meetings.
 Promote library as central to teaching and learning across the
curriculum.
 Engage with IL and work with librarian to implement a whole school
approach.
 Enable librarians to attend training so they have expertise and up to
date knowledge of resources and information skills.
 Professional Bodies should:
 Actively promote membership to all schools.
 Aim to increase awareness of available guidelines.

16. +
Thankyou
Any questions?