2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
4. ANCIENT PERIOD
International trade based on the free exchange of goods started
as early as 2500 BC /By archaeological discoveries in Sumerians
of Northern Mesopotamia, textiles and metals/
The Greeks profited by the exchange of olive oil and wine for
grain and metal somewhere before 2000 BC.
By around 340 BC, many devices of modern commerce had
made their appearance in Greece and its distant settlements:
banking and credit, insurance, trade treaties, and special
diplomatic and other privileges.
In the first century AD, the Romans traded with the Chinese
along the Silk Road and developed many trade routes and
complex trading patterns by sea.
5. ANCIENT PERIOD
The church’s support (sponsorship) for the crusades in the eleventh
century revived international trade in the West through the latter’s
discovery and introduction of new ideas, customs, and products
from the East. New products such as carpets, furniture, sugar, and
spices brought from Egypt, Syria, India, and China stimulated the
markets and the growing commercial life of the West. This helped
Italian cities such as Venice and Genoa to prosper and to replace
Constantinople as the leading center of international commerce.
Letters of credit, bills of exchange, and insurance of goods in
transit were extensively used to accommodate the growing
commercial and financial needs of merchants and travelers.
By the end of the fifteents century, the center of international
commerce had moved from the Mediterranean to Western Europe.
Spain, Portugal, and later Holland became the focal points of
international commercial activity.
6. COLONIAL PERIOD (1500-1900)
With the discovery of America in 1492, and sea routes to
India in 1498, trade flourished and luxury goods and
food products such as sugar, tobacco, and coffee became
readily available in the markets of Europe.
The second historical phase of overseas expansion
(1765-1900) was dictated more by commercial
considerations than by mere territorial gains. Britain
emerged as the dominant colonial power, and by 1815 it
had transformed its empire into a worldwide business
concern. By the 1860s, the Industrial Revolution had
transformed the social and economic structure of
England, and mass production dictated an expansion of
the market for goods on an international scale.
7. 1900 TO THE PRESENT
The major characteristics of economic relations from
1900 until the outbreak of World War I were the further
development of trade and the emergence of a world
economy. These were also the result of the international
migration of people and capital from Europe,
particularly Britain, since the 1850s, to other countries
such as the United States, Australia, Argentina, Brazil,
and Canada. This pattern of world economy provided
the industrial economies with new sources of food and
raw materials and new markets for exports of
manufactures. For example, by 1913, Brazilwas the
source of twothirds of German coffee imports, whereas
North Africa supplied over half of French imports of
wine.
8. 1900 TO THE PRESENT
The post–WorldWar I recovery was further delayed by the
disruption of trading links, as new nations were created and
borders were redrawn. State intervention and restrictive economic
policies had been consolidated in Europe and other countries by
the end of the war. The U.S. government introduced the Fordney-
McCumber Tariff in 1922, which imposed high tariffs on
agricultural imports, and later the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930,
which provoked widespread retaliation. Britain imposed high
duties on various industrial products, such as precision
instruments and synthetic organic chemicals, to encourage
domestic production under the Safeguarding of Industries Act,
1921. The volume of world trade in manufactures fell by 35
percent between 1929 and 1932, and prices also fell by a similar
amount. The volume of trade in primary products fell by 15
percent, but prices fell by about 50 percent. To alleviate the worst
effects of the Depression, countries resorted to more
protectionism.
9. 1900 TO THE PRESENT
To avoid a repetition of the economic situation of the
previous two decades, Allied countries met even before
the war to discuss the international financial
arrangements that should govern trade and capital
movements in the postwar world. In 1944, they
established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD). The IMF was to be concerned with
facilitating the growth and expansion of global trade
through the system of fixed exchange rates, while IBRD
was established to promote long-term investment. This
was followed by an agreement (the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade, or the GATT) in 1948 to permit
the free flow of goods among nations.
11. Importance of international trade
to the global economy
In 1990, the number of U.S. jobs supported by
merchandise exports to all foreign markets reached
7.2 million. U.S. merchandise exports to all foreign
markets contributed to 25 percent of the growth in
U.S. civilian jobs between 1986 and 1990 (Davies,
1992). It is estimated that each billion dollars of
merchandise exports supports about 25,000 jobs. A
survey of 3,032 small- and medium-sized
manufacturing enterprises in Canada over a
threeyear period (1994-1997) strongly indicates
that growth in exports is associated with an
increase in jobs (Lefebvre and Lefebvre, 2000).
12. Importance of international trade
to the global economy
Even though imports are associated with loss of
jobs due to plant closings or production cutbacks of
domestic industries, the export job-generation
effect is about 7.5 percent larger than the import
job-loss effect (Belous and Wyckoff, 1987). During
the 1979-1999 periods, about 6.4 million U.S. jobs
were displaced due to import competition.
Exports create high-wage employment. In a study
of recent wage statistics, the U.S. Trade
Representative’s Office found that U.S. workers
employed in export-related jobs earn 17 percent
more than the average worker in the United States.
13. Determinants of trade
Several studies have been conducted to establish major
factors that influence exports. The trade and exchange rate
regime (import tariffs, quotas, and exchange rates), presence
of an entrepreneurial class, efficiency enhancing government
policy, and secure access to transport (and transport costs)
and marketing services are considered to be important
influential factors of export behavior (Kaynak and Kothavi,
1984; Fugazza, 2004). Singapore’s economy has shown
continued and remarkable growth in exports for over thirty
years with only two brief and mild recessions in the mid-
1970s and mid-1980s. Its total trade as a proportion of GDP
remains one of the highest in the world, over 300 percent of
GDP in 2003 (Fong and Hill, 1991; WTO, 2004b).
14. Determinants of trade
A recent study on the determinants of export
performance underlines the importance of foreign
direct investment (FDI) and the general quality of
the institutional framework.
Much of the research literature on imports
underlines the importance of high per capita
incomes, price of imports, and the exchange rate in
determining import levels (Lutz, 1994). For
developing countries, however, determinants of
import demand also include factors such as
government restrictions on imports and availability
of foreign exchange.
15. Volume and direction of trade
The growth in the volume of world merchandise trade has
always exceeded the growth of output (1870-2004) except
for the period 1913-1950, which was marked by global
political and economic instability. Since 1950, while world
economic output has shown steady growth, world exports
increased at an average annual rate of more than ten times
the estimated rate for 1913-1950 (Rostow, 1978, 1992).
The volume of world trade in 2004 was about three times
what it was in 1990 and approached eleven trillion U.S.
dollars (WTO, 2004a). The dollar value of total world trade
in 2004 was greater than the gross national product of
every nation in the world except the United States. Another
measure of the significance of world trade is that one-fourth
of everything grown or made in the world is now exported.
16. Volume and direction of trade
Small countries tend to be more dependent on
international trade than larger ones because they
are less able to produce all that they need.
The top seven exporters accounted for just over
one-half of world merchandise exports (United
States, Germany, Japan, France, United Kingdom,
Italy, and Canada). Merchandise trade includes
three major sectors: agriculture, mining, and
manufactures.
17. Important developments in trade
1. The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a permanent
trade organization.
2. The introduction of rules under the WTO to govern trade in services, trade-
related intellectual property, and investment measures.
3. The marked increase in the establishment of regional trading arrangements
such as NAFTA, MERCOSUR, etc.
4. Growing role of developing countries in world trade.
5. Increasing participation of small and medium-sized businesses in export
trade.
6. The dynamic role of services in today’s economy and continued growth in
trade in services.
7. Globalization, competitive pressures and the reorganization/relocation of
value-added activities. (outsourcing)
8. The increasing U.S. current account deficit and global imbalances.
9. Fast economic growth in many countries and pressure on limited resources
(fuel costs for air transportation). Business adjustment to security costs
after 9/11.
19. The GATT/WTO
Principal objectives of the GATT: Nondiscrimination, trade
liberalization, and settlement of trade disputes between
members.
The Uruguay Round of the GATT and the Birth of WTO
Important results of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations (1986-
1994): Reductions in tariffs, adoption of new trade rules on
unfair trade practices, GATT coverage extended to trade in
services, intellectual property, and trade-related investment
measures, and the birth of WTO.
20.
21. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Scope of coverage: Market access for goods, services, investment,
protection of intellectual property, government procurement,
safeguards, standards, and dispute settlement.
NAFTA: Preliminary Assessment
Increases in overall trade between members, increase in the
U.S. trade deficit on merchandise trade with members, and a
rise in foreign investment.
22. The European Union (EU)
Major objectives of the EU: To create free trade and a common
external tariff between members, to abolish restrictions on the
free movement of all factors of production, to establish common
policies in the area transport, agriculture, competition, etc.
Institutions of the EU: The European Council, the European
Commission, the European Parliament, the Court of Justice.
Other Regional Trade Agreements
The European Free Trade Area (EFTA), MERCOSUR, The
Central American Common Market (CACM), The Andean Pact,
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), The
Caribbean Common Market (CARICOM), The Southern African
Customs Union (SACU), The Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS).
27. СУДЛАХ З ЙЛСҮ
Оролцогчид экспортын нэн з в, бодитойү ө
шийдвэр гаргах боломжтой болно.
Оролцогчид шинэ зах зээлийг х гж лэх,ө үү
одоогийн зах зээл дэх х чин чармайлтыгү
рг ж лэхэд чиглэсэн аргуудыг системчлэнө ө үү
боловсруулан ашиглах, сайн аргачлалыг
хэрэгж лэх боломжтой байх.үү
Оролцогчид рсдийн экспортын стратеги,өө
т л вл г г рийн бизнесийнө ө ө өө өө өө
т л вл г ний нэгдмэл хэсэг буюу рг тг лө ө ө өө ө ө ө
болгон х гж лж, хамгийн бага рт гтэйө үү ө ө
боломжуудыг б рэн хэмжээгээр ашиглахү
чадвартай болно.
28. Экспортын йл ажиллагааны фокусү FCOR байна.
Trinidad & Tobago
Firms
EXPORTS
FCORs
Supported by BDC
Concepts can be applied to
other markets
29. Ер нхий танилцуулгаө
Яагаад экспорт гэж?
Экспорт нь бизнесээ рг ж лэх, эрсдлээө ө үү
тархаах, орон нутгийн зах зээлээс
хамааралтай байдлыг бууруулах ашигтай арга
байж болох юм.
Экспорт нь компаний удирдлагад шинэ санаа,
менежментийн арга барил, маркетингийн
арга техник, рс лд х арга замыг нээж гд г.ө ө ө ө ө
Экспорт нь компаний р ашиг болонү
б тээмжийг сг х д х ргэдэг.ү ө ө ө ү
Жижиг орон нутгийн компаниас глобал
компани бий болж болно.
30. Яагаад FCOR луу экспортлох
гэж?
TT Firms
FCORs
High
income
market in
Caribbean
Access to
27 EU
countries
with
market of
0.5 billion
people
Supported by
BDC
31. Ер нхий танилцуулгаө ( ргэлжлэлү …)
Экспортын амжилтын чухал элемент дүү ?
Экспорт нь цаг хугацаа, м нг , удирдлагын ихээхэнө ө
рэг хариуцлага шаарддагүү
Олон улсын бизнесийг амжилттай хэрэгж лэхийнүү
тулд гадаад зах зээлд эрэлт хэрэгцээтэй бараа,
йлчилгээтэй байх, урт хугацаанд экспортын йлү ү
ажиллагааг тогтвортой байлгахад шаардлагатай
амлалт, н ц, ур чадвар болон мэдээлэл хэрэгтэй.өө
Амжилтанд х рэхийн тулд та т л вл г тэй байхү ө ө ө өө
ёстой ба бизнесээ хяналтандаа авах ёстой, бизнес
таныг хянахыг з вш рч болохг йө өө ү
32. Экспортын м чл гө ө
1
Ойлгох, бэлтгэх еү
шат
2
Судалгааны еү
шат
3
Стратегийн е шатү
4
йл ажиллагааныҮ
удирдлагын е шатү
CBI (хөгжиж буй орнуудаас хийх импортыг дэмжих төв) Экспортын маркетингийн
( - )төлөвлөгөө Европын ЗЗ д хэрхэн нэвтрэх нь гарын авлага нь
экспортын мөчлөгийн дараах алхамуудыг тодорхойлдог;
We will focus mainly on 1 and 2 and after the Fact Finding Mission we will
be in a better position to deal with 3 and 4
33. Экспортын м чл гө ө ( ргэлжлэлү )
Экспортод бэлтгэх нь
Экспортод бэлтгэхдээ юун т р нд б хү үү ү
з йлсийг бодитой болгох ба т хэн богиноү үү
бичлэг болон таны одоогийн байр суурь,
г йцэтгэлийн талаарх товч тодорхойлолтыгү
агуулсан танилцуулга бэлтгэнэ.
Байршлын ойлголтыг х гж лэхө үү
Бид
хаана
байна
вэ???
34. 7s Тодорхойлолт
Strategy рс лд нд рс лд х давуу талыг бий болгох,Ө ө өө ө ө ө
х гж лэх т л вл г боловсруулахө үү ө ө ө өө
Structure Байгууллагын б тэц зохион байгуулалт. Хэнү
хэндээ тайлагнах вэ?
Systems Ажилчид ажлыг г йцэтгэх д р тутмын йлү ө ө ү
ажиллагаа ба журам.
Shared
Values
Эдгээр нь корпорацийн соёл болон ажлын
ер нхий ёс з йд нотлогдсон компаний ндсэнө ү ү
нэ цэнэү – “superordinate” зорилго
Style Х лээн з вш рс н манлайллын хэлбэрү ө өө ө
Staff Ажилтнууд ба тэдгээрийн ер нхий чадавхиө
Skills Компанид ажиллагсдын бодит ур чадвар
Экспортод бэлтгэх нь ( ргэлжлэлү )
Байршлын мэдрэмжийг х гж лэхэдө үү 7 S-ын загварыг ашиглах нь
McKinseyModel
35. Экспортод бэлтгэх нь ргэлжлэлү
Байршлын талаарх ойлголтоо тодорхойлсны дараа
компаний эрхэм зорилгоо оруулах ба энэ нь компаний
д рэм болно.ү
Эрхэм зорилго нь компаний зорилго болон компаний
стратегийг нэгтгэх ёстой: та хаана хэрхэн х рэхийг х счү ү
байна вэ?
Зорилгын ойлголтыг х гж лэх ньө үү
Бид
хааш
аа
явж
байна
вэ??
N
S
W E
FCORs
36. Экспортод бэлтгэх нь ( ргэлжлэлү ….)
Зорилгын ойлголтыг х гж лэхэдө үү 7 S-ийн загварыг
ашиглах нь
Амжилтанд
хамгийн их
н л лж буй 3ө өө
гол х чинү
з йлсү
Хамгийн их
х сч буйү
амжилтын 3
чухал х чинү
з йлсү
З р г арилгахө үү
богино, дунд, урт
хугацааны арга
хэмжээ
1. Strategy
2. Structure
3. System
4. Staff
5. Style
6. Skills
7. Shared
Values
37. Зорилгын ойлголтыг х гж лэх ньө үү
FCOR руу хийх
экспортоос олж
буй одоогийн
ашиг 100,000
евро
FCOR руу хийх
экспортоос х счү
буй ашиг 5
жилд 1 сая евро
З р г арилгахө үү
богино, дунд, урт
хугацааны арга
хэмжээ
Strategy З вх н Францынө ө
Гвинейд т вл рнө ө ө
Бусад 2 FCOR дээр
т вл рнө ө ө
2013 он гэхэд Martinique
руу, 2015 он гэхэд
Guadeloupe руу
экспортлоно.
Structure FCOR-ийн экспортыг
хариуцсан ажилтнууд
VP Sales-д тайлагнадаг.
FCOR-ийн экспортыг
хариуцсан ажилтнууд
шууд MD-д
тайлагнана
Компаний б тцийгү
рчилж байгууллагынөө
б д вч дэх рчл лтийгү үү өө ө
хэрэгж лнэүү
Systems Ашиглалтын
систем дийн ихэнхүү
нь гар ажиллагаатай
Б х холбоотойү
систем дийгүү
автомат болгоно
Автоматжуулах
т сл дийн загварыгө үү
гаргаж, хэрэгж лэхүү
Staff Одоогоор FCOR руу
экспорт хийх рэгүү
х лээж буй 2ү
ажилтантай
Ажиллагсдын тоог
гурав дахин
нэмэгд лнэүү
Нэмэлт ажилчин х лсл хө ө
болон бусад хэлтсээс
ажилчдыг сургаж авах
38. Зорилгын ойлголтыг х гж лэх ньө үү
Current
Profitability from
exports to the
FCORs is 100,000
Euros
Desired
Profitability from
exports to the
FCORS is 1 million
Euros in 5 years
Short Term, Medium
Term and Long Term
Actions to address the
Gaps
FCOR руу хийх
экспортоос олж
буй одоогийн
ашиг 100,000
евро
FCOR руу хийх
экспортоос х счү
буй ашиг 5
жилд 1 сая евро
З р г арилгахө үү
богино, дунд, урт
хугацааны арга
хэмжээ
Skills FCOR руу одоогийн
хийж буй
экспортын т вшиндү
ур чадвар эзэмшсэн
байдал хангалттай
Ажиллагсдын
дундах ил рг нүү ө ө
х рээний урү
чадвар нь албан
тушаал ахихтай
холбоотой байна
Ажилтнуудад шинэ
сургалтын т л вл гө ө ө өө
хэрэгж лэхүү
Style Манлайллын хэв
маяг нь
ажилтнуудын
хамгийн бага
оролцоотойгоор
дээрээс доош
чиглэсэн байдаг
Ил рг нүү ө ө
х рээтэйү
манлайллын хэв
маяг
Сургагч багш авч ирэн
баг б рд лэх болонү үү
бусад холбогдох
сургалтуудыг зохион
байгуулах
Shared
Values
Нэгдмэл,
шударга байдал
Ижил утгатай
байна
Тодорхойлсон
з р байхг йө үү ү
61. Гол экспорт ба салбар
Гол
экспорт
Цэвэрш лсэн тосүү ,
агро-б тээгдэх нү үү
(банана, ром дарс)
Агро-
б тээгдэх нү үү
(чихрийн
нишингэ,
банана), х нг нө ө
йлдвэрү ,
дамжин
нг р хө ө ө
Алт, загасчлал
(сам хорхой),
будаа, мод.
Гол
салбар
Агро-
б тээгдэх нү үү ,
барилга, газрын
тос боловсруулах
йлдвэрү ,
йлчилгээү (худалда
Агро-
б тээгдэх нү үү ,
барилга,
йлчилгээү
(худалдаа,
аялал
Агро-
б тээгдэх нү үү ,
барилга,
йлчилгээү
(худалдаа, аялал
жуулчлал,
Martinique Guadeloupe French Guiana
62. FCOR х ртэлх зайү
Miami –с х рэх зайү –
миль
1464 1377 3768
London-с х рэх зайү –
миль
4209 4140 4400
Paris-с х рэх зайү –
миль
4278 4215 4416
Paris-с х рэх зайү –
цаг
8 8 9
Martinique Guadeloupe
French
Guiana
63. Martinique руу экспорт хийж буй ТТ компаниуд
1. ABRAHAM SHIPPING CO LTD
2. AG'S GARMENTS
3. ANGOSTURA BITTERS LTD
4. ASSOC BRANDS INDUSTRIES LTD
5. C G A LIMITED
6. CARIBBEAN BOTTLERS T & T LTD
7. CARIBBEAN DEVEL CO LTD
8. CARIBBEAN ISPAT LTD
9. CHAI'S EXOTICS
10. COLLEGE HEALTH FOODS
11. F A AGOSTINI ESTATES LTD
12. FORMULA I I I MARINE LIMITED
13. GENERAL PACKAGING LIMITED
14. HUMMINGBIRD GRAINS LTD
15. INDUSTRIAL GASES LTD
16. K C CONFECTIONERY LTD
17. KHAN'S ALUMINIUM PRODUCTS LTD
18. MARITIME PRESERVATION LIMITED
19. MEILING
20. MESSER TRINIDAD & TOBAGO LTD
21. NAT FLOUR MILLS LTD
22. PCS NITROGEN TRINIDAD LIMITED
23. PEPSI-COLA TRINIDAD BOTTLING
24. PETROLEUM COMPANY OF T & T LTD
25. PHOENIX PARK GAS PROCESSORS
26. PIARCO AIR SERVICES LTD
27. RADICAL DESIGNS LIMITED
28. SOLOMON YUFE & CO LTD
29. STUART BROTHERS (W I) LTD
30. TASTE MAKER MANUF CO LTD
31. TDAD AGGREGATE PRODUCTS LTD
32. THE TEXTILE KING
33. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO TIRES LIMITED
34. WEST INDIAN TOBACCO CO LTD
64. Guadeloupe руу экспорт хийж буй ТТ компаниуд
1. CARIB BREWERY LTD
2. CARIBBEAN DEVEL CO LTD
3. CARIBBEAN ISPAT LTD
4. COLLEGE HEALTH FOODS
5. ECHO MARINE LIMITED
6. GLOBAL M'KETING ENT CO LTD
7. INDUSTRIAL GASES LTD
8. JANOURAS FASHION HEADWEAR
LTD
9. K C CONFECTIONERY LTD
10. MEILING
11. NAT FLOUR MILLS LTD
12. PEAKE INDUSTRIES LTD
13. PETROLEUM COMPANY OF T & T LTD
14. PHOENIX PARK GAS PROCESSORS
15. PRINT-A-PAK LIMITED
16. PROTECTOR'S SECURITY SERV
17. REGAL PRODUCTS LTD
18. SKYLINE FREIGHT LTD
19. SOLO BEVERAGES LIMITED
20. SOLOMON YUFE & CO LTD
21. TEXACO TDAD LUBE & SERVICE LTD
22. THE TEXTILE KING
23. THREE STAR SPORTSWEAR LTD
65. French Guiana руу экспорт хийж буй ТТ компаниуд
1. AGOSTINI INDUSTRIES LTD
2. ANSA MC AL LIMITED
3. CAMACHO BROS LTD
4. CARIBBEAN DEVEL CO LTD
5. D H L DATA FORMS
6. D S MAHARAJ FURN & APPL LTD
7. INDUSTRIAL GASES LTD
8. METHANOL HOLDINGS (TRINIDAD) LTD
9. PETROLEUM COMPANY OF T & T LTD
10. PHOENIX PARK GAS PROCESSORS
11. ROTO PLASTICS TDAD LTD
12. TASTE MAKER MANUF CO LTD
13. TEXACO TDAD LUBE & SERVICE LTD
14. THE TEXTILE KING
68. Экспортын аудит
Ямар хоёр б рэлдэх нтэй вэү үү ?
Компаний аудит
Компанийхаа аудитыг
хийхдээ таны зах зээлийн
судалгааны р д ндү ү
н л л х холбогдохө өө ө
дотоод элемент дийгүү
шинжлэх болно.
Компаний аудитын гол
шинж чанар нь танай
компаний удирдлага б хү
элемент дийг хянахүү
боломжтой байх явдал юм.
(Экспорт) ЗЗ-ийн аудит
Танай зах зээл дэх Боломж
ба Аюул заналын гадаад
шинжилгээ.
Зах зээлийн аудит хийхдээ
таны судалгааны р д ндү ү
н л л х холбогдох гадаадө өө ө
элемент дийг шинжлэхүү
болно.
Зах зээлийн аудитын гол
шинж чанар нь танай
компаний удирдлага хянах
боломжг й зах зээлийнү
н хцлийг авч знэ.ө ү
69. ЭКСПОРТЫН АУДИТ ргэлжлэлү
Экспортын аудит хийхийн тулд SWOT аргыг
ашигладаг. Танай компаний орчинг хамарч буй
Давуу тал болон сул талын шинжилгээ, зах
зээлийн орчинг хамарч буй Боломж ба аюул
заналын шинжилгээ.
Энэ е шатанд та рийн рг жих стратегитайү өө ө ө
холбоотой компанийхаа Давуу тал болон Сул талыг
тодорхойлох хэрэгтэй. 5M-д суурилан компанийхаа
давуу болон сул талыг тодорхойл: Men, Means (н цөө ),
Methods (менежмент), Machines, and Measurables
(маркетингийн р н л , йлчл лэгч болонү ө өө ү үү
ажилчдын сэтгэл ханамж, чанарын
баталгаажуулалт).
70. SWOT шинжилгээ - Диаграмм
Strengths
Opportunitie
s
Threats
Weaknesse
s
Helpful
To achieving the Objective
Harmful
To achieving the Objective
External
Attributesofthe
Environment
Internal
Attributesofthe
Organisation
71. 5M аргыг ашиглан Давуу ба Сул талын
шинжилгээг хийх формат
Strengths Weaknesses
MEN
MEANS
METHOD
MACHINES
MEASURABLES
72. 5M аргыг ашиглан Давуу ба Сул талын шинжилгээг
хийх нь – ус йлдвэрлэлийн компаниү
Strengths Weaknesses
MEN Компаний б х т вшиндү ү
сайн боловсон х чнийгү
бэлтгэдэг
Ажилчид франц хэлээр ярьдагг йү
MEANS Компани зээлийн эрсдэлг йү
байх байр суурьтай байна
М нг ний урсгал удаашралтайө ө
байж болно
METHOD Компани сайн бэлтгэгдсэн
менежментийн багтай
Удирдлагын баг нь FCOR-ийн
талаар ойлголтг й байнаү
MACHINES Компани савлах машинтай Компани савлах йлдвэрлэлдү
хязгаарлагдмал хэмжээний
цохилттой машинтай
MEASURABLES Компани холбогдох ISO
болон HACCP
сертификаттай
Компани хэрэглэгчийн сэтгэл
ханамжийн судалгааг тогтмол
хийдэгг йү
83. FCOR руу экспорт хийхэд туслах х чин з йлсү ү
Франц Карибын тэнгисийн орнууд англиар ярьдаг
Карибын тэнгисийн орнуудтай нэгдэхийг х счү
байна. Энэ нь йлчилгээ з лэгчдийн эвсэлдү ү үү
тулгуурласан Guadeloupe-ийн Attache-ийн
оролцоотой холбоотой ба энэ нь T&T-тэй хийх
бизнесийг дэмжихэд тус болно.
T&T болон Martinique хооронд 7 хоногийн
контейнерийн йлчилгээ байдагү - CMACGM нь
T&T-ээс Martinique-д 7 хоног б р йлчилгээү ү
з лдэг.ү үү
Ц н хэдэн йлдвэрлэлийн салбарыг хамарсанөө ү
T&T ААН- д аль хэдийнүү FCOR-руу экспортолж
байгаа тул T&T-д ноу-хау нь боломжтой юм.
84. FCOR руу экспорт хийхэд туслах х чин з йлсү ү
( ргэлжлэлү )
T&T нь FCOR-тай хийх худалдааг х нг вчл х цахилгаанө ө ө
холбооны йлчилгээг х гж лэхээр ажиллаж байна.ү ө үү
Digicel нь T&T болон Martinique-г хоёуланг нь сонирхож
байна.
T&T маш сайн дэмжлэгтэй - T&T-ийн Chamber of Commerce
нь зах зээлд шинээр нэвтэрч буй компаниудад маш
н х рс г ханддаг ба гиш дийнхээ дэмжлэгтэйгээрө ө ө үү
T&T-ийн Бизнес Х гжлийн Компани нь аль хэдийнө FCOR
зах зээлд ЖД -ийн салбарт боломж хайж байна.Ү
Зах зээлийн судалгаа болон худалдааны зорилтуудыг
хангахад ЕХ-ны санх жилт боломжтой юм.үү
85. Хязгаарлаж болох х чин з йлсү ү
Шошго – б тээгдэх нийг Францад шошголоход ЕХ-ны стандартыгү үү
ашигладаг. Энэ нь Францын зах зээлд тээвэр хийж байгааг йү
экспортлогчдод зардал ихтэй байж болох юм.
FCOR-д компани байгуулах тохиолдолд йл ажиллагааны зардалү
T&T-тай харьцуулахад нд р байна.ө ө
Хэлний саад – T&T нь англиар ярьдаг тул зар сурталчилгаа болон
шошгололтонд н л лд г.ө өө ө
Гэрчилгээж лэлтийн болон зохицуулалтын шаардлагууд ньүү
Францын стандартыг хангах ёстой.
Тээвэрлэлт ба тээврийн маршрут хангалтг й гэж зсэнү ү
FCOR-ийн зах зээлд Францын б тээгдэх н давамгайлсаар байгааү үү
ба магадг й орон нутгийнхны оюун санаанд ч зонхилж байгааү .
86. Хязгаарлаж болох х чин з йлсү ү
Карибын тэнгисийн орнуудын б тээгдэх нийү үү
чанар муу байдаг гэсэн сэтгэлгээ байдаг
FCOR-руу нэвтэрч буй бараанд нд р татварө ө
ногдуулдаг.
Дистрибьютор, хууль эрх з й, х нд суртал,ү ү
лиценз, зардал, татвар, техникийн саад (SPS-ийн
шаардлага гэх мэт)-ын талаарх мэдлэг
хангалтг й ба зах зээлийн н хц л болонү ө ө
х лээлтийн талаарх мэдлэг хязгаарлагдмалү .
87. Бид йл явцын хаана байна вэ?ү
Sense of Direction
Sense of
Location
Current Market
Position
International Standards
Marketing Mix (6 P’s)
Market and
Industry Trends
Export Audit
1.Company Audit
2.Market Audit
88. рс лд гчийн шинжилгээӨ ө ө
рс лд гчийн шинжилгээгӨ ө ө SWOT шинжилгээгээр
хийдэг ба зорилго нь зорилтот зах зээл дэх гол
рс лд гчийг тодорхойлох явдал юм.ө ө ө
Тэдний давуу болон сул тал нь юу вэ?
Тэд зах зээлд бий болох боломж болон аюул заналын
р д нд ямар стратегийн хариу йлдэл з лэхү ү ү ү үү
магадлалтай вэ?
рс лд гчдийг тодорхойлохын тулд та Портерийн 5Ө ө ө
х чин з йлсийн загварыг ашиглаж болно. Энэ ньү ү
хэвтээ рс лд ний гурван х чин з йлийг авч здэг:ө ө өө ү ү ү
орлох б тээгдэх ний аюул занал, рс лд гчдийнү үү ө ө ө
аюул занал, зах зээлд шинээр нэвтрэх рс лд гчдийнө ө ө
аюул заналхийлэл.
89. рс лд гчийн шинжилгээӨ ө ө ргэлжлэлү
Портерийн 5 х чин з йлийн загварү ү
90. рс лд гчийн шинжилгээӨ ө ө ргэлжлэлү
Орлох б тээгдэх ний аюулү үү
Орлох б тээгдэх н ойр боломжтой байх ньү үү
нийн с лт с шалтгаалан р р хувилбартү ө ө өө өө өө
шилжих хэрэглэгчийн сонирхлыг нэмэгд лнэүү
(эрэлтийн нд р мэдрэмжө ө ).
Орлох б тээгдэх ний аюулыг тодорхойлдогү үү
х чин з йлс:ү ү
худалдан авагчийн орлуулах чадвар
орлуулалтын харьцангуй нэү
худалдан авагчийн шилж лэх зардалүү
б тээгдэх ний ялгавартай байдлын т вшинү үү ү
91. Шинэ рс лд гчид гарч ирэхө ө ө
аюул
нд р г ж б хий ашигтай зах зээл д нь шинэ рс лд гчдийгӨ ө ө өө ү үү ө ө ө
татдаг ба ашигт ажиллагааг бууруулдаг. Ашгийн т вшинү
рс лд нт т вшинө ө өө ү (т гс рс лд нө ө ө өө ) х ртэл унахад шинэү
компаниуд орж ирэхээ больдог.
Шинэ рс лд гчид зах зээлд нэвтрэх аюулыг тодоорхойлдог х чинө ө ө ү
з йлсү :
зах зээлд нэвтрэхэд саад байгаа эсэх
брэндийн тэгш байдал
шилжих зардал буюу н х гд хг й зардалө ө ө ү
капиталын шаардлага
хуваарилалтын х ртээмжү
зардлын абсолют давуу тал
суралцах муруйн давуу тал
компаниудын х лээгдэж буй хариу арга хэмжээү
засгийн газрын бодлого
92. рс лд гчийн шинжилгээӨ ө ө ргэлжлэлү
рс лд гчийн рс лд х эрч х чӨ ө ө ө ө ө ү
Ихэнх салбарт энэ нь рс лд нийг тодорхойлдогө ө өө
х чин з йл юмү ү .
Заримдаа рс лд гчид нээр рс лдд г бол зарим едө ө ө ү ө ө ө ү
инноваци, маркетинг гэх мэт нийн бус рс лд нү ө ө өө
хийдэг.
рс лд гчийн рс лд ний эрчийг тодорхойлох х чинӨ ө ө ө ө өө ү
з йлсү :
рс лд гчдийн тооө ө ө
салбарын с лтийн т вшинө ө ү
йлдвэрлэлийн ил дэл х чин чадалү үү ү
рс лд гчдийн олон янз байдалө ө ө
зар сурталчилгааны зардлын т вшинү
эдийн засгийн цар хэмжээ
93. рс лд гчийн шинжилгээӨ ө ө ргэлжлэлү
Портерийн 5 х чин з йлийн загварү ү
FCOR-т гол шууд рс лд гчид тань хэн бэө ө ө ? Та тэдгээрийн аль
нэгээс санаа зовж байна уу?
FCOR-т тантай тулгарах боломжтой гол орлох б тээгдэх н юуү үү
вэ? Эдгээр нь танд ямар нэг байдлаар н л л х магадлалтайө өө ө
юу?
Танай FCOR-ийн зах зээлд хэн шинээр нэвтрэх боломжтой вэ?
FCOR-т аль нийл лэгч таны рс лд х чадварт н л лж чадахүү ө ө ө ө өө
вэ?
FCOR-т аль йлчл лэгч таныг рс лд х чадварг й болохү үү ө ө ө ү
шалтгаан болох вэ?
Дараах асуултуудад хариул
94. рс лд гчийн шинжилгээӨ ө ө ргэлжлэлү
Портерийн 5 х чин з йлийн загварү ү
FCOR-т таны гол рс лд гчид хэн бэө ө ө ?
FCOR-т гол орлох б тээгдэх н нь юу вэү үү ?
FCOR зах зээлд хэн шинээр нэвтрэх боломжтой вэ?
FCOR-т аль нийл лэгч таны рс лд х чадвартүү ө ө ө
н л лж чадах вэө өө ?
FCOR-т аль йлчл лэгч таныг рс лд х чадварг йү үү ө ө ө ү
болгох боломжтой вэ?
114. И-мэйл-ийн хэрэглээ
н ед олонхи х м с б х з йлийг мэйлдӨ өө ү ү үү ү ү
найдаж, т л л гчидтэйгээ уулзахаар аялахаасө өө ө
зайлсхийхийн тулд нийг ашиглахыг хичээдэг.үү
Энэ талаар та ямар бодолтой байна вэ?
Ямар эрсдл д байна вэ?үү
115. И-мэйл-ийн хэрэглээ
Гадаад т нш дтэйгээ з вх н мэйлээр харьцдагү үү ө ө
экспортлогчид асуудалтай харилцаанд х ргэдэгү
буруу ойлголтуудтай тулгарах нь их байдаг.
Мэйл нь хэлэлц лгийг баталгаажуулахадүү
тохиромжтой бол эхлэлийн е шатанд биечлэнү
уулзах, утас эсвэл skype-г ашиглах нь буруу
ойлголтыг багасгаж чадна.
Та зах зээлд бизнестээ амжилт гаргахын тулд
т л л гчдийнх орон нутгийн мэдлэг,ө өө ө өө
харилцаанд найдаж байгаагаа сана! Иймд энэ
харилцаа маань бодитой эсэхийг сайн шалгах
хэрэгтэй. Та харилцаа холбоо бий болгохын тулд хэд
хэдэн удаа уулзаж, хэрхэн хамтран ажиллах болон
гэрээнд тусгагдах ёстой ндсэн зарчмуудын дагууү
116. Зах зээлийн мэдлэг
Таны сонгосон т л л гч тань б тээгдэх нийө өө ө ү үү
рчл лт, зар сурталчилгааны шаардлага,өө ө
болон рчл лтийг дэмжихийн тулдөө ө
рс лд нт б тээгдэх н ба нийн талаарө ө өө ү үү ү
б рэн ойлголттой байх ёстой.ү
117. Агенттай ажиллахын давуу тал
Агентаар дамжуулан бизнес хийхэд олон давуу тал
байдаг. Тэдний заримаас дурьдвал:
Та брэнд, маркетинг болон нийг хянах ёстой.ү
Шимтгэлд суурилсан агентийн гэрээн д ньүү
таны б тээгдэх ний хувьд ил нд рү үү үү ө ө
борлуулалтын т вшинг бий болгох сайнү
х ш рэг болно.ө үү
Агент нь дистрибьюторуудаас бага б тээгдэх нү үү
йлдвэрлэх хандлагатай байдаг нь тэд таныү
б тээгдэх нийг ил анхаарна гэсэн г юм.ү үү үү ү
Нийл лэлтийн хэлхээний удирдлагаүү
ргэлжлэлү
118. Агенттай ажиллахын сул тал
Агентаар дамжуулан ажиллах нь м н сул талуудтайө
байдаг:
Борлуулалтын агент нь дистрибьютороос бага н цтэйөө
байж болно.
Шимтгэлд суурилан ажиллах гэдэг нь агент таны
амжилтын т л бага чармайлт гаргадаг гэсэн г юм.ө өө ү
Гадаадын томоохон маркетинг, менежментийн дэмжлэг
нь амжилттай агентийн харилцаанд шаардлагатай байдаг.
йлчл лэгчдэд шууд захиалга г х, т лб р авах зэрэгтҮ үү ө ө ө ө
таны бизнесээс ил их х чин чармайлт шаардагдана.үү ү
Агентийн р ашигтай ажиллаж байгааг хянахын тулдү
анхаарал тавих хэрэгтэй.
Нийл лэлтийн хэлхээний удирдлагаүү
ргэлжлэлү
119. Агенттай ажиллахын сул тал ргэлжлэлү …
Муу агент нь з вх н зах зээлд байгаа боломжуудыгө ө
тань с йтгээд зогсохг й маркетингийн х чинү ү ү
чармайлт, нэр х ндийг тань доройтуулж чадна.ү
Агентуудаар дамжуулан ажиллах нь
(дистрибьюторуудтай харьцуулахад) т лб рө ө өө
т л хг й байх, валютын ханшийн хэлбэлзэл,ө ө ү
б тээгдэх ний буцаалт, йлчл лэгчийнү үү ү үү
баталгааны нэхэмжлэл зэрэг эрсдлээс хамгаалах нь
бага байдаг.
Хэрэв танай агентийг рс лд гч тань хулгайлвалө ө ө
та зах зээлийн хувиа алдах эрсдэлтэй.
Нийл лэлтийн хэлхээний удирдлагаүү
ргэлжлэлү
121. Дистрибьюторын сул тал
1.Та борлуулалтын йл явцыг хянаж чадахг й.ү ү
2.Дистрибьютороор дамжуулан борлуулах зардал нь б тээгдэх нийгү үү
зах зээлийн рс лд н с шахахад х ргэж болноө ө өө өө ү : жишээ нь,
дистрибьютор нь жижиглэн худалдаачдад таны б тээгдэх н х рэхээсү үү ү
мн 50 ба т нээс ч их хувиар ртгийг нэмэгд лж болно.ө ө үү ө үү
3.Дистрибьютор болон борлуулалтын ажилтнууд танай б тээгдэх нийү үү
талаар танай х м сээс бага мэдлэгтэй.ү үү
4.Та зах зээлээс шахагдаж мэдэх н хц л байдлын талаар анхныө ө
мэдлэгг й байж болно.ү
5.Таны йлчл лэгч хэн болохыг та мэдэхг й байж болно.ү үү ү
6.Дистрибьютор нь маркетинг, сурталчилгаа хийх рэг хариуцлагыгүү
рт х лээдэг учраас та рийн б тээгдэх ний брендийг б рэн хянахөө өө ү өө ү үү ү
боломжг й.ү
Нийл лэлтийн хэлхээний удирдлагаүү
ргэлжлэлү
122. Дистрибьюторын сул тал ( ргэлжлэлү ….)
7.Хэрэв дистрибьютор нь мэргэшсэн мастер дистрибьютор гэхээсээ
ил б ний борлуулагч болүү өө тэд бусад б ний худалдаачидтай адилөө
р д нтэй борлуулахг й байж болно.ү ү ү
8.Дистрибьютор нь том зах зээлд шинэ б тээгдэх н нэвтр лэхү үү үү
борлуулалтын х чин чадал байхг й байж болноү ү .
9.Дистрибьютор нь олон б тээгдэх нийг т л лж болох тул таныү үү ө өө
б тээгдэх нд тавих анхаарал болон цаг хугацаа багасч болно.ү үү
10.Таны б тээгдэх ний борлуулалтын эрх нь нэ цэнэтэй “эрх” тулү үү ү
боломжит хувилбаруудын б рэн шинжилгээ хийлг йгээр бууж гчү ү ө
болохг й.ү
11.Та тэдний йлчилгээнд сэтгэл хангалуун бус байх ед таү ү
дистрибьютороосоо салахад х ндрэлтэй байж болно.ү
Нийл лэлтийн хэлхээний удирдлагаүү
ргэлжлэлү
123. Хууль ёсны гэрээний мн таны боломжитө ө
агенттай тулгарах гол асуудлууд
Б тээгдэх ний хэмжээү үү .
Та юу нийл лэх вэүү : жишээ нь, хэвлэмэл брошур, нийн жагсаалтү ,
шинэ б тээгдэх ний танилцуулгаү үү , б тээгдэх ний сургалт гэхү үү
мэт.
Дээжийн нийл лэлтүү : ямар нээрү , хэн зардал ба ачааг т л х,ө ө
дээжийн хугацаа нь боломжтой байх, буцаалтын процесс ба
т лб рө ө .
Хамрагдсан газар нутаг: газар з йн б с ба зах зээлийн сегментү ү .
Барааг хэрхэн нийл лэхүү .
Тухайн газар нутагт онлайн борлуулалт хэрхэн явагдах вэ.
Шимтгэл: хэмжээ ба н хц лө ө .
Тайлагнал: сараар эсвэл улирлаар, тайлангийн агуулга
Харилцаа холбоо: гол асуудлын талаарх мэдээллийг цаг тухайд нь
хэрхэн шийдэх. Жишээ нь – х ргэх саатал эсвэл йлчл лэгчийнү ү үү
гол асуудал.
124. Бизнесийн санх гийн хэрэгсл дүү үү
Олон улсын экспортод ашигладаг хэд хэдэн т лб рийнө ө
аргууд байдаг. Тодорхой цаг хугацаан дахь хамгийн сайн
т лб рийн сонголт нь хэд хэдэн х чин з йлээсө ө ү ү
хамаарна:
Та худалдан авагчдадаа хэр их итгэж болох вэ? Та тухайн
компанийг хэр сайн мэддэг вэ? Та итгэлцлийн
харилцааг бий болгосон уу, эсвэл энэ таны эхний ажил
г йлгээ юу?ү
Та хэр зэрэг эрсдэл х лээхэд бэлэн байна вэ?ү
Таны худалдан авагч хэр зэрэг эрсдэл х лээхэд бэлэнү
байна вэ?
Тухайн ажил г йлгээ нь хэр том бэ?ү
М н та энэ худалдан авагчдаа ил таатай н хцлийгө үү ө
125. Т лб р хийх аргуудө ө
Pre-Payment or Upfront Payment
Known as Pre-Payment, Upfront Payment, or Cash Sale, the
buyer pays cash in advance of a shipment. This method of
payment is unusual in international trade but has become
common in Internet transactions.
While Pre-Payment greatly limits your risks as the exporter,
it has the opposite effect on the buyer. By paying cash in
advance, the buyer has to trust that you will deliver quality
products on time.
126. Т лб р хийх аргуудө ө ргэлжлэлү
Аккредитив
In a Letter of Credit, the importer’s bank issues a document stating that
they will pay the exporter when the terms of the Letter of Credit are
fulfilled.
Terms that could be specified include quantity, description and
documentation.
The onus is on the exporter to ensure that the documents and quantities
shipped are correct; otherwise the exporter risks non-payment.
A Letter of Credit also locks the importer in to the contract and ensures
that they cannot renege or pull out of the deal.
As the exporter, you must make sure that you get the Letter of Credit
before you start the production phase of the transaction: you definitely
should have the Letter of Credit in place before you ship any products.
127. Т лб р хийх аргуудө ө
Баримтын инкасс
When you use the Documentary Collection payment
method, you entrust the handling of your trade documents to
your bank:
Documentary Collections are governed by International
Chamber of Commerce rules. There are two main types:
Documents against payment using a sight draft
Documents against acceptance using a term draft.
Documents against acceptance’ is considered riskier than
‘Documents against payment’ because it relies on the customer
making payment after the agreed time.
128. Зээлийн тааламжтай н хц лө ө – Нээлттэй данс
Your customers may ask you to offer credit terms or you may
find that you need to match your competitors in this way.
The demand for your product, your price and how badly you
need to do the business will all affect what terms you decide to
offer. An Open Account, with an agreed payment period, is
increasingly required by buyers.
However, extending credit terms will have a real cost impact
on your business because it impacts cash flow, so it is important
to estimate the cost of the time it takes to receive payment at
the end of the credit period and to build this cost into your
price
Т лб р хийх аргуудө ө ргэлжлэлү
129. Т лб р хийх аргуудө ө ргэлжлэлү
Банкны шилж лэг ба чекүү
Try to insist on bank transfer
It may take up to 10 days for the funds to get into your
account
Cheques may take up to three months to clear
Cheques may bounce and in some cases you may not find the
person
Find out the cost of bank transfers – usually no more than
US$50
130. Экспортын стратеги – ц н гөө ү
An export strategy is an essential component of the
business plan.
A well-developed export strategy will help in dealing
with a range of service providers and positions the firm to
achieve realistic goals
An export strategy must be integrated with your
company’s overall business plan
Govind Seepersad
131. Экспортын стратеги ргэлжлэлү
A sound export strategy will help you in dealing with
bankers, financial advisers and government agencies. It
will ensure you grow within your capability – and not
stretch resources.
Make sure your domestic and international marketing
activities are aligned.
Recognise your competitive strengths and outline for
weaknesses.
Denise Leander-Watson
132. Экспортын стратеги ргэлжлэлү
Create your export strategy with quantifiable objectives.
Develop networking to help create export opportunities
Develop basic scenarios to test how your company will
respond to change.
Noel Watson
133. Бид йл явцын хаана байна вэү ?
Sense of Direction
Sense of
Location
Current Market
Position
International Standards
Marketing Mix (6 P’s)
Market and
Industry Trends
Export Audit
1.Company Audit
2.Market Audit
Competitor
Analysis
Market
Assumptions
Evaluation
Wrap Up
Supply Chain
and Payment
Mechanisms
The course follows the methodology outlined in the Export Marketing Planner – A manual on how to enter the European Market.
Exporting companies normally have better growth prospects, highly skilled, highly productive staff and tend to adapt technology and best practice techniques faster.
Staff
More information on ISO9001:2008 can be found at: www.cbi.eu
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points or HACCP is a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical, and physical hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe, and designs measurements to reduce these risks to a safe level.
Export Managers could be requested to complete Exercises 1;2&3 on page 9-10 of the Export Marketing Planner. Instructions for the exercises are included in the manual.
CBI is the Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries. Training was already provided on the use of the ITC Trade MAP. Other useful databases are : FAO – http://faostat.fao.org – For food and agricultural statistics. United Nations – http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htm ; World Bank – www.worldbank.org/data
Group Exercise : Identify a shortlist of First Priority Markets in the EU for specific products with the help of the CBI’s
market information and the ITC’s statistical tools. (International Trade Centre (ITC) (www.trademap.org), the CBI’s Research Action Planner and the CBI’s market information (www.cbi.eu).
Refer to pages 21-23 of the Manual.
ALTERATIVELY OR IN COMBINATION WITH THE 5 M METHODOLOGY ,THE VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS CAN BE USED TO ANALYSE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE COMPANY (SEE PAGE 22 OF THE MANUAL)
ALTERATIVELY OR IN COMBINATION WITH THE 5 M METHODOLOGY ,THE VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS CAN BE USED TO ANALYSE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE COMPANY (SEE PAGE 22 OF THE MANUAL)
Refer to interactive Research Action Planner (RAP) at www.cbi.eu. For more information on market audit
Refer to interactive Research Action Planner (RAP) at www.cbi.eu. For more information on market audit