In this presentation, Elizabeth Bryan, Senior Scientist in the Environment and Production Technology Division at IFPRI, explores the potential impacts of Covid-19 on rural women and the challenges of reaching women through phone surveys.
Comparative study of adverse effects of social media (1)Ewang SIMON
This document summarizes a comparative study on the adverse effects of overusing social media among youths. A survey was conducted with 302 people from Africa, Europe, Asia, and America between the ages of 19-25. The results showed that WhatsApp and Facebook were the most used social media platforms. The African continent showed the highest negative impacts of overuse. Common negative effects included isolation, depression, anxiety, and increased spending. Recommended solutions were creating awareness of positive usage and limiting access by age or banning certain sites.
This document discusses immunization and its benefits. It notes that immunization provides a high return on investment, ranging from 3x to 44x the cost of illness. It also describes Gavi's model of co-financing vaccines to increase access, where Gavi and countries each pay decreasing shares as country income rises. The document warns of the high costs of not immunizing, such as during disease outbreaks. It advocates that countries prioritize immunization investment to fully immunize every child and achieve global health targets.
This PowerPoint was presented by WSP Senior Economist, Sophie Hickling, during AfricaSan 3 (Kigali, Rwanda - 2011) under the "Economics of Sanitation for Advocacy and Decision Making" session.
This session introduced the Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) aims, rationale, and methods. A panel of experts from government, donors and other sector specialists in Africa commented on the use of ESI results for sanitation financing; the use of media to influence stakeholders; the mechanisms for adopting ESI results into government decision making; and critical assessment and proposed improvement to ESI methods.
This document discusses key predictors of behavior change and prerequisites for changing behaviors related to sanitation and hygiene. It identifies several important factors that influence behavior change, including susceptibility, severity, barriers/benefits to change, social norms, behavioral intention, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. Some prerequisites for behavior change are that the behavior must become important over time, not be part of a person's coping strategies, and have social support available. The document also provides brief examples of behavior change approaches related to road safety, reproductive health, and female genital mutilation (FGM). Current global behavior change communication trends include increased focus on communication theory, interpersonal communication through community networks, new media technologies, and reality media using
A new CCAFS methodology for evaluating the impact of climate information services for smallholder farmers. Presented at the 2015 American Meteorological Society annual meeting.
This document outlines the key steps to conduct an impact evaluation of a school feeding program in Mali in 7-8 steps. It involves engaging stakeholders, defining relevant evaluation questions, building a theory of change, defining indicators, designing the evaluation using a randomized controlled trial across treatment and control groups, determining an appropriate sample size, conducting a household survey, and analyzing the collected data. The goal is to evaluate the program's impact on education, nutrition, local agriculture, and welfare outcomes.
Comparative study of adverse effects of social media (1)Ewang SIMON
This document summarizes a comparative study on the adverse effects of overusing social media among youths. A survey was conducted with 302 people from Africa, Europe, Asia, and America between the ages of 19-25. The results showed that WhatsApp and Facebook were the most used social media platforms. The African continent showed the highest negative impacts of overuse. Common negative effects included isolation, depression, anxiety, and increased spending. Recommended solutions were creating awareness of positive usage and limiting access by age or banning certain sites.
This document discusses immunization and its benefits. It notes that immunization provides a high return on investment, ranging from 3x to 44x the cost of illness. It also describes Gavi's model of co-financing vaccines to increase access, where Gavi and countries each pay decreasing shares as country income rises. The document warns of the high costs of not immunizing, such as during disease outbreaks. It advocates that countries prioritize immunization investment to fully immunize every child and achieve global health targets.
This PowerPoint was presented by WSP Senior Economist, Sophie Hickling, during AfricaSan 3 (Kigali, Rwanda - 2011) under the "Economics of Sanitation for Advocacy and Decision Making" session.
This session introduced the Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) aims, rationale, and methods. A panel of experts from government, donors and other sector specialists in Africa commented on the use of ESI results for sanitation financing; the use of media to influence stakeholders; the mechanisms for adopting ESI results into government decision making; and critical assessment and proposed improvement to ESI methods.
This document discusses key predictors of behavior change and prerequisites for changing behaviors related to sanitation and hygiene. It identifies several important factors that influence behavior change, including susceptibility, severity, barriers/benefits to change, social norms, behavioral intention, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. Some prerequisites for behavior change are that the behavior must become important over time, not be part of a person's coping strategies, and have social support available. The document also provides brief examples of behavior change approaches related to road safety, reproductive health, and female genital mutilation (FGM). Current global behavior change communication trends include increased focus on communication theory, interpersonal communication through community networks, new media technologies, and reality media using
A new CCAFS methodology for evaluating the impact of climate information services for smallholder farmers. Presented at the 2015 American Meteorological Society annual meeting.
This document outlines the key steps to conduct an impact evaluation of a school feeding program in Mali in 7-8 steps. It involves engaging stakeholders, defining relevant evaluation questions, building a theory of change, defining indicators, designing the evaluation using a randomized controlled trial across treatment and control groups, determining an appropriate sample size, conducting a household survey, and analyzing the collected data. The goal is to evaluate the program's impact on education, nutrition, local agriculture, and welfare outcomes.
The document discusses a phone survey conducted across several countries to understand the gendered impacts of Covid-19. The survey examines how health and economic shocks from Covid-19 may lead to changes in control over income, labor allocation, mobility, food security, and conflict. Preliminary findings show that income shocks were widespread, with coping measures like using savings heavily. Care burdens increased while access to food and food intake declined more for women. Continued surveys over time will provide insights into how impacts differ between men and women.
The document summarizes a study on the gendered impacts of Covid-19 in Uganda. It found that both women and men experienced substantial income losses, but coping strategies differed by gender. Men relied more on savings and selling assets, while women borrowed more. Around two-thirds of respondents reported challenges accessing food. Women reported greater food insecurity and poorer diets. The document recommends policies to address income shocks, food insecurity, and support rural households through credit programs and asset development targeting women.
The document summarizes findings from phone surveys conducted in 7 countries in Africa and Asia on the gendered impacts of COVID-19. Key findings include:
- Both men and women reported losing income, but women generally reported greater challenges accessing food. A majority of women in most countries worried about having enough food.
- People used various coping strategies like savings, borrowing, selling assets, and transfers, with trends varying by country. Savings declined over time while selling assets and borrowing increased.
- Access to water and sanitation was inadequate in some countries, hindering the ability to prevent COVID spread.
- The long-term impacts of loss of income, assets, and savings could be severe and require policy interventions like credit
Evaluation of Mozambique’s Child Grant: A cash + care intervention to reduce ...The Transfer Project
Juan Bonilla, Zlata Bruckauf, Rosa Castro-Zarzur & Amber Peterman
On behalf of the Mozambique Child Grant evaluation team
SVRI Forum – Cancun, Mexico – September 22nd, 2022
Graduation from Poverty versus Graduating from Social Protection – setting t...UNDP Policy Centre
This document discusses the graduation approach, which provides an integrated set of interventions over time aimed at helping the poorest individuals engage in sustainable income-generating activities and improve their livelihoods. Evaluations show graduation programs have increased incomes and assets but not necessarily lifted all participants out of poverty. Impacts vary between individuals, with better-off participants at baseline experiencing larger gains. Graduation models are complementary to social assistance programs and can play a role in social protection systems by promoting long-term inclusion through services, assets, and training.
Presented by Elizabeth Bryan, Senior Scientist, Environment and Production Technology Division (EPTD), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), June 8, 2022. This presentation was for a lightning session on gender and resilience at a USAID Center for Resilience Cross-Agency Resilience Learning Event.
Equity and Nutrition Through Agriculture_Quisumbing_5.10.11CORE Group
This document summarizes a study evaluating the long-term impacts of agricultural technologies in Bangladesh. It finds:
1. Agricultural technologies like vegetable and fish farming can improve nutrition by increasing micronutrient supplies and incomes, but impacts depend on implementation.
2. A 10-year follow up found individual fishpond technologies significantly increased household consumption and assets, while group technologies had smaller impacts.
3. Nutrition improved most where technologies engaged women's groups, indicating the importance of intrahousehold dynamics.
4. A new project will evaluate gender gaps in asset control from agricultural projects to identify best practices for benefiting both women and men.
Can unconditional cash transfers lead to sustainable poverty reduction?Michelle Mills
This document summarizes evidence from evaluations of two unconditional cash transfer programs in Zambia called the Child Grant Program (CGP) and the Multiple Category Targeting Program (MCP). The evaluations found:
1) Both programs led to increases in consumption, food security, asset ownership, income, and reductions in poverty and debt.
2) Impacts were found across various domains of well-being and were sustained over time, suggesting cash transfers can reduce poverty in a sustainable way.
3) The effects were similar for different types of households, showing the programs' benefits extended broadly.
Elizabeth Bryan
POLICY SEMINAR
Towards Resilient Livelihoods, Food Security, and Nutrition for All: Confronting the Gendered Impacts of COVID-19
Co-Organized by IFPRI, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the World Bank
MAR 23, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Fighting poverty with what works - The IPA mission across the globe by Sarah ...IFPRIMaSSP
1) Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) is a non-profit research organization that works to reduce poverty through evidence-based policy. It has conducted over 300 randomized evaluations across 50 countries.
2) IPA Malawi has grown since starting work in 2009, now employing 17 staff and overseeing a $1.6 million annual budget. It focuses on education, health, enterprise development, and agriculture.
3) Randomized controlled trials are an important tool for impact evaluation but are not fully utilized in Malawi. IPA Malawi has completed over 11 research projects in areas like agriculture, rural development, and governance.
Johan Swinnen
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19: Implications of the 2021 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Armenian National Agrarian University, the World Bank, & IFPRI
MAY 27, 2021 - 07:30 AM TO 09:00 AM EDT
Helping smallholder farmers manage risks: Innovations to improve agricultural...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar held on 19 September 2018.
Presenters: Berber Kramer (IFPRI), Patrick Ward (Duke Kunshan University). More information at http://bit.ly/AgInsuranceWebinar
Tia Palermo's presentation on cash transfers and violence against women and children to UN Women's regional office and Promundo's Learning Dialogue Series in June 2020.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 AND LOCKDOWN IN LAGOS - Preliminary ResultsLouis Verin
First report of COVID-19 Observatory Nigeria
Preliminary results of a baseline survey discussing the impact of COVID-19 and the lockdown in 6 communities in Lagos
The document discusses a phone survey conducted across several countries to understand the gendered impacts of Covid-19. The survey examines how health and economic shocks from Covid-19 may lead to changes in control over income, labor allocation, mobility, food security, and conflict. Preliminary findings show that income shocks were widespread, with coping measures like using savings heavily. Care burdens increased while access to food and food intake declined more for women. Continued surveys over time will provide insights into how impacts differ between men and women.
The document summarizes a study on the gendered impacts of Covid-19 in Uganda. It found that both women and men experienced substantial income losses, but coping strategies differed by gender. Men relied more on savings and selling assets, while women borrowed more. Around two-thirds of respondents reported challenges accessing food. Women reported greater food insecurity and poorer diets. The document recommends policies to address income shocks, food insecurity, and support rural households through credit programs and asset development targeting women.
The document summarizes findings from phone surveys conducted in 7 countries in Africa and Asia on the gendered impacts of COVID-19. Key findings include:
- Both men and women reported losing income, but women generally reported greater challenges accessing food. A majority of women in most countries worried about having enough food.
- People used various coping strategies like savings, borrowing, selling assets, and transfers, with trends varying by country. Savings declined over time while selling assets and borrowing increased.
- Access to water and sanitation was inadequate in some countries, hindering the ability to prevent COVID spread.
- The long-term impacts of loss of income, assets, and savings could be severe and require policy interventions like credit
Evaluation of Mozambique’s Child Grant: A cash + care intervention to reduce ...The Transfer Project
Juan Bonilla, Zlata Bruckauf, Rosa Castro-Zarzur & Amber Peterman
On behalf of the Mozambique Child Grant evaluation team
SVRI Forum – Cancun, Mexico – September 22nd, 2022
Graduation from Poverty versus Graduating from Social Protection – setting t...UNDP Policy Centre
This document discusses the graduation approach, which provides an integrated set of interventions over time aimed at helping the poorest individuals engage in sustainable income-generating activities and improve their livelihoods. Evaluations show graduation programs have increased incomes and assets but not necessarily lifted all participants out of poverty. Impacts vary between individuals, with better-off participants at baseline experiencing larger gains. Graduation models are complementary to social assistance programs and can play a role in social protection systems by promoting long-term inclusion through services, assets, and training.
Presented by Elizabeth Bryan, Senior Scientist, Environment and Production Technology Division (EPTD), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), June 8, 2022. This presentation was for a lightning session on gender and resilience at a USAID Center for Resilience Cross-Agency Resilience Learning Event.
Equity and Nutrition Through Agriculture_Quisumbing_5.10.11CORE Group
This document summarizes a study evaluating the long-term impacts of agricultural technologies in Bangladesh. It finds:
1. Agricultural technologies like vegetable and fish farming can improve nutrition by increasing micronutrient supplies and incomes, but impacts depend on implementation.
2. A 10-year follow up found individual fishpond technologies significantly increased household consumption and assets, while group technologies had smaller impacts.
3. Nutrition improved most where technologies engaged women's groups, indicating the importance of intrahousehold dynamics.
4. A new project will evaluate gender gaps in asset control from agricultural projects to identify best practices for benefiting both women and men.
Can unconditional cash transfers lead to sustainable poverty reduction?Michelle Mills
This document summarizes evidence from evaluations of two unconditional cash transfer programs in Zambia called the Child Grant Program (CGP) and the Multiple Category Targeting Program (MCP). The evaluations found:
1) Both programs led to increases in consumption, food security, asset ownership, income, and reductions in poverty and debt.
2) Impacts were found across various domains of well-being and were sustained over time, suggesting cash transfers can reduce poverty in a sustainable way.
3) The effects were similar for different types of households, showing the programs' benefits extended broadly.
Elizabeth Bryan
POLICY SEMINAR
Towards Resilient Livelihoods, Food Security, and Nutrition for All: Confronting the Gendered Impacts of COVID-19
Co-Organized by IFPRI, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the World Bank
MAR 23, 2021 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Fighting poverty with what works - The IPA mission across the globe by Sarah ...IFPRIMaSSP
1) Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA) is a non-profit research organization that works to reduce poverty through evidence-based policy. It has conducted over 300 randomized evaluations across 50 countries.
2) IPA Malawi has grown since starting work in 2009, now employing 17 staff and overseeing a $1.6 million annual budget. It focuses on education, health, enterprise development, and agriculture.
3) Randomized controlled trials are an important tool for impact evaluation but are not fully utilized in Malawi. IPA Malawi has completed over 11 research projects in areas like agriculture, rural development, and governance.
Johan Swinnen
GLOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT
Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19: Implications of the 2021 Global Food Policy Report for Eurasia
Co-Organized by the Eurasian Center for Food Security at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Armenian National Agrarian University, the World Bank, & IFPRI
MAY 27, 2021 - 07:30 AM TO 09:00 AM EDT
Helping smallholder farmers manage risks: Innovations to improve agricultural...IFPRI-PIM
PIM Webinar held on 19 September 2018.
Presenters: Berber Kramer (IFPRI), Patrick Ward (Duke Kunshan University). More information at http://bit.ly/AgInsuranceWebinar
Tia Palermo's presentation on cash transfers and violence against women and children to UN Women's regional office and Promundo's Learning Dialogue Series in June 2020.
IMPACT OF COVID-19 AND LOCKDOWN IN LAGOS - Preliminary ResultsLouis Verin
First report of COVID-19 Observatory Nigeria
Preliminary results of a baseline survey discussing the impact of COVID-19 and the lockdown in 6 communities in Lagos
Exploring the gendered impacts covid-19 through phone surveys
1. Gendered Impacts of Covid-19 in
Developing Countries
Elizabeth Bryan (E.Bryan@cgiar.org), Senior Scientist, IFPRI
10 June 2020
2. Gender Climate Change and
Nutrition (GCAN) Framework
▪ The impact of shocks and stressors on
people are not direct but follow different
pathways and are influenced by different
factors:
o Exposure and sensitivity
o Resilience capacities
o Decision-making context
o Responses
▪ Resilience is dynamic: well-being outcomes
influence future resilience capacities
▪ The Covid-19 pandemic triggered both health
and economic shocks
▪ Resilience to these unanticipated shocks
requires mainly absorptive capacity and
immediate coping responses
3. GCAN Framework:
Health and economic shocks from Covid-19
may result in the following gendered
responses/outcomes:
▪ Loss of control over income
▪ Asset dynamics
▪ Change in labor allocation, increase in care
burden
▪ Changes in mobility, implication for risk of
exposure
▪ Food insecurity, changes in dietary diversity
▪ Conflict
4. Questionnaire
▪ Direct impacts:
o Has anyone in the hh been sick in the last 7 days?
o Has the hh lost income due to Covid-19?
▪ WASH environment (resilience capacity)
▪ Loss of control over income (bargaining power)
▪ Changes in migration of hh members and remittances
▪ Asset, savings, borrowing, direct transfers (coping measures)
▪ Change in labor allocation, increase in care burden (coping measures/outcomes)
▪ Changes in mobility to buy food, seek medical care, fetch water/fuelwood etc., (coping
measures/outcomes)
▪ Food insecurity, changes in dietary diversity (coping measures/outcomes)
▪ Conflict—work together to solve problems, fear of partner (outcomes)
5. Survey Implementation
▪ Selected countries with previous face-to-face surveys that had collected
phone numbers: Nepal, Nigeria, Senegal and Ghana (USAID) and India
(BMZ)
▪ Working with partners on the ground or phone survey companies with local
call centers
oTradeoffs in terms of response rate, sensitivity/knowledge of subject
▪ Developed a common questionnaire (20-30 mins long), 5-6 rounds over 6
months, each round lasting <2 weeks
▪ Will sample half women, half men from the original survey and follow the
same respondent across rounds
▪ Programmed in SurveyCTO (or proprietary software of survey company)
6. Potential Challenges to
Reaching Women with
Phone Surveys
Gender gaps in mobile phone
ownership and data use
Systematic bias: older, poorer,
women less likely to have
phones
Source: https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/wp-
content/uploads/2020/02/GSMA-The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-
2020.pdf
7. Potential Challenges to Reaching Women with Phone Surveys
▪ Privacy
oCan respondent be alone when answering?
oRequired to use speakerphone?
oHow to identify, note the restrictions without putting respondent in
jeopardy
▪ Time
oFinding convenient (less inconvenient) times to call—may differ for men,
women
oLimits on length of calls
8. Potential Ways to Address Gender Challenges
▪ Build on existing surveys where contact, rapport is established
▪ Contact through trusted women’s groups
▪ Use female enumerators
▪ Cautions against sensitive questions, especially re. domestic violence
▪ Word questions so that answers would not reveal much to those who
overhear
▪ Check use of speakerphone (indicator of disempowerment?) and omit
sensitive sections if others can hear questions