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M.P.J. Sinninghe Damsté 
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Table of contents 
1. Introduction 
2. Job-related difficulties in repatriations 
3. The concept of Flow 
4. Re-achieving Flow 
5. Conclusion 
6. Questions
1. Introduction 
Selection 
Training 
Assignment 
Repatriation 
Many companies close their 
eyes to repatriation: ‘they are 
coming home.’
1. Introduction 
30% 
40% 
30% 
Repatriates 
No discomfort 
Discomfort 
Leaves the company
1. Introduction 
Possible 
solutions 
Job-related 
difficulties at 
repatriation 
The concept 
of Flow
2. Job-related difficulties 
12 
10 
8 
6 
4 
2 
0 
W-shaped curve 
Sojourn 
Based on: Szkudlarek 2008
2. Job-related difficulties 
DISCOMFORT 
Career anxiety/insufficient 
planning 
Devaluating international 
experience 
Coping with new role 
demand / reverse culture 
shock 
Loss of status 
Loss of material benefits 
Influenced by: 
• Gender 
• Age 
• Personality 
• Religion 
• Marital status 
• Prior 
experiences 
• Length of 
sojourn 
• Cultural 
distance 
• Time 
• Contact with 
home 
• Housing 
conditions
3. The concept of Flow 
 Flow is mental state in which a person performing an 
activity is fully immersed in feeling of energized focus, 
full involvement and enjoyment 
 Concept proposed by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi
3. The concept of Flow 
Concentration 
FLOW 
Merging of 
action and 
awareness 
Loss of 
reflective self-consciousness 
Sense of 
control over 
actions 
Experience 
activity as 
intrinsically 
rewarding 
Distortion of 
temporal 
experience
3. The concept of Flow 
Concentration 
FLOW 
Merging of 
action and 
awareness 
Loss of 
reflective self-consciousness 
Sense of 
control over 
actions 
Experience 
activity as 
intrinsically 
rewarding 
Distortion of 
temporal 
experience 
Fitting 
challenges 
Clear 
approximate 
goals 
Immediate 
feedback 
No 
disturbances 
(Shaffer)
3. The concept of Flow
3. The concept of Flow 
Adapted from the Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (2009)
3. The concept of Flow 
0.6 
0.5 
0.4 
0.3 
0.2 
0.1 
0 
-0.1 
-0.2 
-0.3 
-0.4 
-0.5 
High CH, low SK High CH, high SK Low CH, high SK Low CH, low SK 
Concentration 
Importance for future goals 
Self-esteem 
Enjoyment 
Wish to be doing the activity 
Adapted from the Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (2009)
3. The concept of Flow 
Challenge Feedback Goal Distraction 
Career anxiety No Yes Yes Yes 
Devaluation of 
Yes No No Yes 
international 
experience 
Coping with 
new role 
demand / 
reverse culture 
shock 
No Yes No Yes 
Status loss Yes Yes No Yes 
Material 
No No No Yes 
benefits loss
4. Re-achieving Flow 
Initiatives from the company: 
 Repatriation training (but training alone is not 
enough!) 
 Strategic purpose for relocation 
 Clarity in advance 
 Attention to spouse and children to prevent private 
discomfort to ‘overflow’ into the work and cause 
distraction 
 Communicate, communicate, communicate….
4. Re-achieving Flow 
Initiatives from the employee 
 Keep professional knowledge up to date 
 Communicate, communicate, communicate…
5. Conclusion 
 Link exists between discomfort factors and 
disturbances of flow 
 Each factor disrupts one or more of the conditions for 
flow 
 If the conditions are breached, no flow can be reached 
 The most interested aspect in work is taken away 
 Result: demotivation, disappointment, exodus of 
experienced skilled staff
5. Conclusion 
Concentration 
FLOW 
Merging of 
action and 
awareness 
Loss of 
reflective self-consciousness 
Sense of 
control over 
actions 
Experience 
activity as 
intrinsically 
rewarding 
Distortion of 
temporal 
experience 
Fitting 
challenges 
Clear 
approximate 
goals 
Immediate 
feedback 
No 
disturbances 
(Shaffer)
5. Conclusion 
Challenge Feedback Goal Distraction Solutions 
Career anxiety No Yes Yes Yes Contact 
Training 
Strategic purpose 
Planning 
Devaluation of 
international 
experience 
Yes No No Yes Contact 
Training 
Strategic purpose 
Planning 
Coping with new 
role demand / 
reverse culture 
shock 
No Yes No Yes Contact 
Training 
Status loss Yes Yes No Yes Contact 
Training 
Strategic purpose 
Planning 
Material benefits 
loss 
No No No Yes N/A
5. Conclusion
5. Conclusion 
Concentration 
FLOW 
Merging of 
action and 
awareness 
Loss of 
reflective self-consciousness 
Sense of 
control over 
actions 
Experience 
activity as 
intrinsically 
rewarding 
Distortion of 
temporal 
experience 
Fitting 
challenges 
Clear 
approximate 
goals 
Immediate 
feedback 
No 
disturbances 
(Shaffer)
6. Questions?

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Expats june 2014

  • 2. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Job-related difficulties in repatriations 3. The concept of Flow 4. Re-achieving Flow 5. Conclusion 6. Questions
  • 3. 1. Introduction Selection Training Assignment Repatriation Many companies close their eyes to repatriation: ‘they are coming home.’
  • 4. 1. Introduction 30% 40% 30% Repatriates No discomfort Discomfort Leaves the company
  • 5. 1. Introduction Possible solutions Job-related difficulties at repatriation The concept of Flow
  • 6. 2. Job-related difficulties 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 W-shaped curve Sojourn Based on: Szkudlarek 2008
  • 7. 2. Job-related difficulties DISCOMFORT Career anxiety/insufficient planning Devaluating international experience Coping with new role demand / reverse culture shock Loss of status Loss of material benefits Influenced by: • Gender • Age • Personality • Religion • Marital status • Prior experiences • Length of sojourn • Cultural distance • Time • Contact with home • Housing conditions
  • 8. 3. The concept of Flow  Flow is mental state in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in feeling of energized focus, full involvement and enjoyment  Concept proposed by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi
  • 9. 3. The concept of Flow Concentration FLOW Merging of action and awareness Loss of reflective self-consciousness Sense of control over actions Experience activity as intrinsically rewarding Distortion of temporal experience
  • 10. 3. The concept of Flow Concentration FLOW Merging of action and awareness Loss of reflective self-consciousness Sense of control over actions Experience activity as intrinsically rewarding Distortion of temporal experience Fitting challenges Clear approximate goals Immediate feedback No disturbances (Shaffer)
  • 11. 3. The concept of Flow
  • 12. 3. The concept of Flow Adapted from the Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (2009)
  • 13. 3. The concept of Flow 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 High CH, low SK High CH, high SK Low CH, high SK Low CH, low SK Concentration Importance for future goals Self-esteem Enjoyment Wish to be doing the activity Adapted from the Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (2009)
  • 14. 3. The concept of Flow Challenge Feedback Goal Distraction Career anxiety No Yes Yes Yes Devaluation of Yes No No Yes international experience Coping with new role demand / reverse culture shock No Yes No Yes Status loss Yes Yes No Yes Material No No No Yes benefits loss
  • 15. 4. Re-achieving Flow Initiatives from the company:  Repatriation training (but training alone is not enough!)  Strategic purpose for relocation  Clarity in advance  Attention to spouse and children to prevent private discomfort to ‘overflow’ into the work and cause distraction  Communicate, communicate, communicate….
  • 16. 4. Re-achieving Flow Initiatives from the employee  Keep professional knowledge up to date  Communicate, communicate, communicate…
  • 17. 5. Conclusion  Link exists between discomfort factors and disturbances of flow  Each factor disrupts one or more of the conditions for flow  If the conditions are breached, no flow can be reached  The most interested aspect in work is taken away  Result: demotivation, disappointment, exodus of experienced skilled staff
  • 18. 5. Conclusion Concentration FLOW Merging of action and awareness Loss of reflective self-consciousness Sense of control over actions Experience activity as intrinsically rewarding Distortion of temporal experience Fitting challenges Clear approximate goals Immediate feedback No disturbances (Shaffer)
  • 19. 5. Conclusion Challenge Feedback Goal Distraction Solutions Career anxiety No Yes Yes Yes Contact Training Strategic purpose Planning Devaluation of international experience Yes No No Yes Contact Training Strategic purpose Planning Coping with new role demand / reverse culture shock No Yes No Yes Contact Training Status loss Yes Yes No Yes Contact Training Strategic purpose Planning Material benefits loss No No No Yes N/A
  • 21. 5. Conclusion Concentration FLOW Merging of action and awareness Loss of reflective self-consciousness Sense of control over actions Experience activity as intrinsically rewarding Distortion of temporal experience Fitting challenges Clear approximate goals Immediate feedback No disturbances (Shaffer)