The Indonesia Cement Industry market landscape in 2015, including major suppliers; cement projects under planning & construction and supply & demand projection up to 2025.
The Indonesia Cement Industry market landscape in 2015, including major suppliers; cement projects under planning & construction and supply & demand projection up to 2025.
The file explains a brief overview on the Indian Cement Industry in the year 2013-14. The file explains the global scenario of the Indian Cement Industry, Major organisations and the Major players in the Indian Market and their market s
To study nation-wide production capacity and demand, region-wise industry analysis and credit-worthiness of big, medium and small players in the Indian Cement Industry.
Cement is an important element for a nation's economy as this binder is a building material used for infrastructure and property development. As such, cement sales gives valuable information about savings and investment in a country. Rapidly accelerating domestic cement sales are a sign that the infrastructure as well as the property sectors are booming. The cement industry of Indonesia is a lively one. The country's total installed production capacity expanded from 37.8 million tons in 2010 to over 100 million tons in 2016, while domestic sales surged from 40 million tons to an estimated 60 million tons over the same period. However, similar to other industries, Indonesia's cement sector has been plagued by Indonesia's economic slowdown that started in 2011. After rapidly rising cement sales in the years 2010-2012, sales started to slow from 2013 onward due to slowing economic growth, weakening purchasing power, low commodity prices, uncertainties surrounding the winners of Indonesia's 2014 legislative and presidential elections, and the higher benchmark interest rate (raised aggressively in 2013 in an effort to combat high inflation, the wide current account deficit and to support the ailing rupiah amid monetary tightening in the USA). Apart from the higher interest rate, Indonesia's central bank also implemented other measures that cooled the country's property market, such as a higher down payment requirement. In 2016 this tighter monetary trend reversed. Bank Indonesia cut its key BI rate and raised the loan-to-value ratio for the purchase of a house in a bid to boost the nation's sluggish property sector. This may bring some new life in this sector in the second half of 2016. The residential property market accounts for the majority of cement demand in Indonesia and therefore the nation's cement players are eagerly waiting for a rebound in the property sector.
"Acceptance of Birla Wall Care Putty in Retail Segment"Sidvin Shetty
This is the detailed project carried during my MBA (10 weeks) on the topic of "Birla Wall Care Putty in Retail Segment" by enduring practical study & research in the Company in the Year 2011 . (Thus, some of the details may have been changed).
The purpose of this upload is for "Students" carrying projects in Cement Industry to have an Overview of it.( I had some issue with "Uprooting the basics" thus sharing it for reference to get an basic understanding & working towards your projects")
This should be used for reference purpose only. Thus,having a basic understanding towards & make your projects accordingly. (Independently!!)
Thus, this report will not be available for downloads...
The file explains a brief overview on the Indian Cement Industry in the year 2013-14. The file explains the global scenario of the Indian Cement Industry, Major organisations and the Major players in the Indian Market and their market s
To study nation-wide production capacity and demand, region-wise industry analysis and credit-worthiness of big, medium and small players in the Indian Cement Industry.
Cement is an important element for a nation's economy as this binder is a building material used for infrastructure and property development. As such, cement sales gives valuable information about savings and investment in a country. Rapidly accelerating domestic cement sales are a sign that the infrastructure as well as the property sectors are booming. The cement industry of Indonesia is a lively one. The country's total installed production capacity expanded from 37.8 million tons in 2010 to over 100 million tons in 2016, while domestic sales surged from 40 million tons to an estimated 60 million tons over the same period. However, similar to other industries, Indonesia's cement sector has been plagued by Indonesia's economic slowdown that started in 2011. After rapidly rising cement sales in the years 2010-2012, sales started to slow from 2013 onward due to slowing economic growth, weakening purchasing power, low commodity prices, uncertainties surrounding the winners of Indonesia's 2014 legislative and presidential elections, and the higher benchmark interest rate (raised aggressively in 2013 in an effort to combat high inflation, the wide current account deficit and to support the ailing rupiah amid monetary tightening in the USA). Apart from the higher interest rate, Indonesia's central bank also implemented other measures that cooled the country's property market, such as a higher down payment requirement. In 2016 this tighter monetary trend reversed. Bank Indonesia cut its key BI rate and raised the loan-to-value ratio for the purchase of a house in a bid to boost the nation's sluggish property sector. This may bring some new life in this sector in the second half of 2016. The residential property market accounts for the majority of cement demand in Indonesia and therefore the nation's cement players are eagerly waiting for a rebound in the property sector.
"Acceptance of Birla Wall Care Putty in Retail Segment"Sidvin Shetty
This is the detailed project carried during my MBA (10 weeks) on the topic of "Birla Wall Care Putty in Retail Segment" by enduring practical study & research in the Company in the Year 2011 . (Thus, some of the details may have been changed).
The purpose of this upload is for "Students" carrying projects in Cement Industry to have an Overview of it.( I had some issue with "Uprooting the basics" thus sharing it for reference to get an basic understanding & working towards your projects")
This should be used for reference purpose only. Thus,having a basic understanding towards & make your projects accordingly. (Independently!!)
Thus, this report will not be available for downloads...
Introduction of the company ,Market structure ,Cost structure, Substitutes and complement goods , Major current and past reasons for variation in demand and supply,Regression analysis for past 10 years ,Forecast variable ‘sales’
HOW CEMENT INDUSTRY CAN BE THE BOOSTER ENGINE FOR INDIA?VARUN KESAVAN
The industry believes that there would be a surge in demand for cement due to requirements of a strong infrastructure framework that the nation endeavours to put in place through its government as well as housing projects
India's cement industry is the second largest in the world, in terms of production, with over 8 per cent (502 million tonnes per annum in 2018) of the global installed capacity and generating employment for over 1 million people. Unfortunately, however, this production does not fully convert into consumption as the demand-supply situation is highly skewed with the latter being significantly higher than the former. With per capita cement consumption at less than 200 kg when the world boasts of an average of 500 kg, can the Indian cement industry be the driver of growth for India?
cv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrt vcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrtcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrtcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrtcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrtcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrtcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrtcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt h rgr gr trh r hotro h h th ty pr oh rth tr h r hr h r0th =rt hr 0h r0ohrth r. r h rtg rog lr oh tr hrt h r h0rt h r hkr ihr th r h rt hrt lh tr tr hrtcv v. v vf vf f vf fr r r gtr t. g rt rt rtg r tgrgr. r. b tr b rt brtbrtbrtthtyhtyhht. ttyhtyhthyt htyh th tyh th t ht ty hty ht t. htty ty hty h h ty ht. ty. tyh ty ty nty. n yty thyth t htrt
Financial analysis of Cement Industry_V3.pptxSakshi Garg
India's cement industry is on a trajectory of remarkable growth. The market size, reaching 3,644.5 MT in 2022, anticipates a substantial increase to 4,832.6 MT by 2028, reflecting a CAGR of 4.94% during 2023-2028
Let's understand current govt policy to boost cement industry, top 10 cement players, their comparative financial health, current and future production level, growth drivers, relative working capital health and much more.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
"𝑩𝑬𝑮𝑼𝑵 𝑾𝑰𝑻𝑯 𝑻𝑱 𝑰𝑺 𝑯𝑨𝑳𝑭 𝑫𝑶𝑵𝑬"
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 provides unlimited package services including such as Event organizing, Event planning, Event production, Manpower, PR marketing, Design 2D/3D, VIP protocols, Interpreter agency, etc.
Sports events - Golf competitions/billiards competitions/company sports events: dynamic and challenging
⭐ 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐬:
➢ 2024 BAEKHYUN [Lonsdaleite] IN HO CHI MINH
➢ SUPER JUNIOR-L.S.S. THE SHOW : Th3ee Guys in HO CHI MINH
➢FreenBecky 1st Fan Meeting in Vietnam
➢CHILDREN ART EXHIBITION 2024: BEYOND BARRIERS
➢ WOW K-Music Festival 2023
➢ Winner [CROSS] Tour in HCM
➢ Super Show 9 in HCM with Super Junior
➢ HCMC - Gyeongsangbuk-do Culture and Tourism Festival
➢ Korean Vietnam Partnership - Fair with LG
➢ Korean President visits Samsung Electronics R&D Center
➢ Vietnam Food Expo with Lotte Wellfood
"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern Businesses
Executive summery
1. Executive Summary
D&B Industry Research Service’s report on the Indian cement industry studies the
various dimensions of the industry and assesses the future prospects for the industry. In
addition to this, D&B Industry Research Service also encapsulates the emerging trends in
the cement industry and analyses some of the industry’s major concerns.
Some of the emerging trends and major concerns of the Indian cement industry
analysed in this report are:
• Fragmentation in the industry
• Rising share of blended cement production
• Possibility of excess capacity in the cement industry post FY09
• Adequate availability of coal – a major fuel for the industry
• A well connected logistic network – a major requisite for the industry
• Greater movement of cement through the bulk route
• Increasing pace of consolidation with entry of global cement majors
• Possibility of fall in cement exports, along with marginal cement imports into the
country
• Intense competition necessitating changes in company strategies
• Vertical integration by cement companies
Section I – Industry dynamics deals with the environment in which the cement industry
operates, and covers the various facets that determine the dynamics of the industry. The
cement industry is one of the basic infrastructure industries and is a significant
contributor to the Indian economy in terms of employment generation, tax revenues,
and industrial growth. The per capita consumption of cement is considered an important
indicator of the country’s economic development, as it is used in almost every sector.
Government policies, competition and ensuing consolidation activities in the Indian
cement industry over the years has given rise to an oligopolistic industry structure.
Though the concentration of capacities among the larger players has increased in recent
times on account of consolidation activity, the industry still exhibits some degree of
fragmentation. Around 60 per cent of the total capacity is scattered among
approximately 50 large cement companies and over 200 mini cement plants. There is
thus scope for further consolidation activity in the industry.
The cement industry is currently in the midst of an interesting phase of robust demand,
very high capacity utilisation and firm prices. Demand for cement in the domestic market
remains robust, driven by demand from all user segments. Demand from the housing
sector continues unabated driven by rising income levels, fiscal incentives and a
moderate interest rate regime. The rapid growth recorded by the services sector has led
to robust demand for commercial real estate and thus demand for cement. In addition,
the government’s keenness to improve the infrastructural facilities in the country and the
surge in industrial investments has led to higher demand for cement from these two
segments. Domestic cement consumption grew at an accelerated pace of 9.4 per cent
(CAGR) during FY04-FY07 as compared to a CAGR of 7.5 per cent over the last 15 years.
Domestic cement production has kept pace with the rise in cement consumption.
Additionally, the industry has witnessed a greater acceptance of blended cement. This is
reflected in the steady rise in share of Portland pozzolana cement (PPC) in total cement
production from 19.1 per cent in FY99 to 60 per cent in FY07. Unlike production, capacity
additions in the industry tend to be bunched together, given the indivisible nature of
2. investments in the industry. The bunching up of capacity additions distorts the demand-
supply equilibrium in the industry and has an adverse effect on the industry’s
profitability. The industry witnessed substantial additions to capacity in FY02, which led
to an overcapacity situation. However, since then incremental capacity additions have
slowed down and the demand-supply equilibrium has been restored. Consequently, the
industry has observed an increase in the operating rates and in prices.
The industry is now investing heavily in augmenting its cement capacity to be able to
cater to the expected rise in demand. The planned capacity additions in the cement
industry are likely to add (around) 80 million tonnes of capacity (FY08-FY10). On-time
commissioning of these capacities could tilt the demand-supply situation towards
overcapacity. However, capacity additions are likely to miss the scheduled deadline due
to delays on various fronts, such as environmental clearances, delays in supply of
equipment, among others. A situation of overcapacity in the cement industry is therefore
likely to emerge post-FY09.
On the resources/inputs front, while there are no problems with respect to availability of
limestone, there are concerns with regard to availability of adequate quantity of coal — a
major fuel — to the industry. Coal receipts by the cement industry have been lower than
the assured coal linkages granted to the industry. In a recent policy change, the
government has reduced the assured coal supply to around 75 per cent of the cement
industry’s total coal requirements. Cement companies are resorting to coal imports and
use of alternative fuels (pet coke, lignite) to meet their fuel requirements.
Logistics is another area of concern for the industry, and distribution cost is one of the
major costs for the industry. Cement companies are working towards strengthening their
distribution network, while concurrently trying to bring down distribution costs. The
industry has witnessed a rise in movement of cement through the sea route. Most of the
cement sales in the country occur through retail network in the bagged form. The
industry is now witnessing a gradual change towards movement of cement through the
bulk route. Split-location units are another move adopted by companies to cut down on
distribution costs. Under this concept, the clinkerisation unit is located close to the
limestone reserves, while the grinding units are located at 2–3 different
locations, generally closer to the markets.
Cement prices, being market determined, have risen sharply since March 2006 largely
due to an improvement in the demand-supply dynamics. Cement prices in most of the
markets are ruling at all-time highs. Due to the consistently high cement prices, the
government has adopted various measures to facilitate imports. This attempt is to ease
cement supply and thus rein in rising cement prices; prices have, however, continued to
rise.
The rise in input costs has also contributed to the rise in cement prices. Energy, raw
material and distribution are the major expenses for the cement industry. The industry is
constantly working towards reducing these costs, through measures such as use of
alternative fuels, setting up captive power plants, and greater production of blended
cement.
Section II – Global perspective analyses the scenario in the global cement industry.
Globally, cement production has grown at a CAGR of 7.7 per cent over the last 6 years.
The industry is, however, witnessing shifts in production patterns with most of the
3. growth occurring in the developing markets. China and India have emerged as the
largest producers and consumers of cement in the world. The global cement industry is
highly localised, with demand for cement in most of the countries being met by domestic
producers. Thus, international trade in cement is limited. Global cement exports account
for only around 7 per cent of the total global cement production.
Demand for cement is closely related to overall economic development and tends to vary
across countries, depending on the level of industrialisation and infrastructure
development. Global cement majors are strengthening their production bases across
countries to mitigate the locational risk associated with operating in individual countries.
This has led to increased consolidation activity in the global cement industry.
Consequently, the level of concentration in the industry has increased and the top six
global players account for around 28 per cent of the global cement capacity. The pace of
consolidation activity at the global level is likely to continue.
With the Indian cement industry’s huge potential, the country could witness the entry of
more global cement majors or the strengthening of production bases by existing
companies. Global cement majors, who adopted the inorganic route to gain entry into
the Indian cement industry, already control a substantial part of cement capacity in the
country.
India’s share in international cement trade (exports) stood at 5 per cent in 2006. Middle
East is one of India’s largest cement export markets, accounting for around 25 per cent
of India’s total cement and clinker exports. The region is witnessing substantial additions
to cement capacity and there are concerns of a possible fall in cement exports to the
Middle East from India. Cement and clinker exports from India declined in FY07, as
companies diverted exports to the domestic market to capitalize on the higher domestic
cement prices.
The Indian cement industry faces a possible threat from imports, following the removal
of all duties (basic customs duty, CVD and SAD) on imported cement. The threat is from
Pakistan, India’s immediate neighbour, which currently has excess cement capacity.
However, D&B Industry Research Service does not expect cement imports into the
country to occur on a large scale, largely due to infrastructural constraints.
Section III – Industry performance reviews the financial performance of the industry
over the last 5 years. In line with the cyclical upturn in the cement industry, the financial
health of the industry has improved considerably in FY07. The industry has recorded a
sharp rise in sales, and marked improvement in profitability. During FY07, its PBDIT
(NNRT) margin improved by 9.3 percentage points to 28.9 per cent, while its net profit
margin improved by 7.4 percentage points to 16.8 per cent as compared with margins
earned in FY06. Cement companies across the sector fared well during FY07. Returns
recorded by the cement companies also improved considerably. Backed by the strong
cash flows and moderate interest rate regime, the cement industry has been able to
bring down its debt-equity ratio, as also its interest incidence.
D&B Industry Research Service expects the cement industry to continue recording
healthy sales growth. However, rising input costs — coal, power tariff, prices of
transportation fuels — remains a cause of worry.
4. Section IV – Strategic insight reviews the level of competition in the industry, the
growth prospects for the industry, and assesses the intensity of various risks the Indian
cement industry faces. Competition in the Indian cement industry has intensified over
the last 2 years, with the global cement majors gaining a major foothold in the country.
Cement companies are looking for innovative strategies to capture a substantial market
share and survive amidst aggressive competition.
The strategies adopted include non-price instruments such as branding, greater
expenditure on advertising, innovative packaging, strengthening of their distribution
networks as well as several customer-focussed initiatives. Companies are also
integrating vertically by moving into the ready-mix concrete business in an attempt to
retain their clients. Regional players are also moving out of their regions in an attempt to
establish a pan-India presence. This is expected to intensify the level of competition in
the industry.
Prospects look bright for the Indian cement industry. Cement consumption would remain
robust, driven by higher offtake by all user segments, while prices would remain high
because of the tightness in the demand-supply situation. Backed by these, the industry
is expected to register rise in sales revenue during FY08 and FY09.
Though there is immense growth potential, the Indian cement industry does face some
risks. These include poor infrastructure facilities in the country, possible slowdown in
implementation of government policies regarding infrastructure, among others. There
are also concerns of a situation of overcapacity emerging in the industry leading to a fall
in capacity utilisation rates