Different views on exceptionality of UN Security Council mandate under UN Charter and its activities ultra vires for a class on Targeted sanctions of International Organizations at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester
The United Nations Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, including 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, US) and 10 non-permanent members elected for 2-year terms. Decisions require 9 votes with no veto from a permanent member. The Council has broad powers to investigate disputes, recommend dispute resolution, authorize use of force, impose sanctions, and establish international tribunals. It works to resolve conflicts through peaceful means such as mediation, peacekeeping forces, and sanctions before authorizing military action.
The document summarizes the structure and key points of a Model UN Security Council simulation focused on a new Kosovo agreement. It provides background on the functions and powers of the Security Council, an overview of the historical Kosovo conflict and previous Security Council actions, and establishes the framework for debate.
This document discusses recommendations for strengthening the UN Security Council's efforts to protect children affected by armed conflict. It summarizes key findings from over 40 interviews with Security Council members and UN/NGO representatives. It finds that the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict could make better use of tools at its disposal and should take steps to improve efficiency, follow-up on conclusions, and address rapidly deteriorating situations. It also recommends expanding the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism's trigger to include rape and other grave sexual violence against children. Overall, the Security Council needs to take further action to ensure its efforts lead to tangible impacts in protecting children from violence.
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is responsible for international peace and security. It has 15 members, including 5 permanent members with veto power. The Security Council can establish peacekeeping operations, sanctions, and authorize military action. It aims to avoid conflict and maintain international cooperation and collective security as defined in the UN Charter.
Introduction to the work of the Security Council from the Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch, Security Council Affairs Division, Department of Political Affairs, United Nations. Presentation given in August 2012.
UN Security Council Resolution 242 calls for (1) the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in 1967 and (2) an end to claims of belligerency and respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states in the area. The document provides historical maps tracing the geopolitical changes in Israel/Palestine from Canaanite times to the establishment of modern Israel in 1948 and its expansion after the 1967 war. It also discusses the region's climate, hydrology, and dependence on shared aquifers, emphasizing the interdependence of water resources between Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza.
Presentation made for a class on Theory of Political Systems at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization academic mobility semester
International Protection of Children left without Parental CustodyKonstantin Yakovlev
Overview of legislation on international protection of children left without parental custody (orphans or boarding schoolers) with a focus on international adoption regulation made for a class on International Protection of Children Rights at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester
The United Nations Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. It has 15 members, including 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, US) and 10 non-permanent members elected for 2-year terms. Decisions require 9 votes with no veto from a permanent member. The Council has broad powers to investigate disputes, recommend dispute resolution, authorize use of force, impose sanctions, and establish international tribunals. It works to resolve conflicts through peaceful means such as mediation, peacekeeping forces, and sanctions before authorizing military action.
The document summarizes the structure and key points of a Model UN Security Council simulation focused on a new Kosovo agreement. It provides background on the functions and powers of the Security Council, an overview of the historical Kosovo conflict and previous Security Council actions, and establishes the framework for debate.
This document discusses recommendations for strengthening the UN Security Council's efforts to protect children affected by armed conflict. It summarizes key findings from over 40 interviews with Security Council members and UN/NGO representatives. It finds that the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict could make better use of tools at its disposal and should take steps to improve efficiency, follow-up on conclusions, and address rapidly deteriorating situations. It also recommends expanding the Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism's trigger to include rape and other grave sexual violence against children. Overall, the Security Council needs to take further action to ensure its efforts lead to tangible impacts in protecting children from violence.
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is responsible for international peace and security. It has 15 members, including 5 permanent members with veto power. The Security Council can establish peacekeeping operations, sanctions, and authorize military action. It aims to avoid conflict and maintain international cooperation and collective security as defined in the UN Charter.
Introduction to the work of the Security Council from the Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch, Security Council Affairs Division, Department of Political Affairs, United Nations. Presentation given in August 2012.
UN Security Council Resolution 242 calls for (1) the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in 1967 and (2) an end to claims of belligerency and respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states in the area. The document provides historical maps tracing the geopolitical changes in Israel/Palestine from Canaanite times to the establishment of modern Israel in 1948 and its expansion after the 1967 war. It also discusses the region's climate, hydrology, and dependence on shared aquifers, emphasizing the interdependence of water resources between Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza.
Presentation made for a class on Theory of Political Systems at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization academic mobility semester
International Protection of Children left without Parental CustodyKonstantin Yakovlev
Overview of legislation on international protection of children left without parental custody (orphans or boarding schoolers) with a focus on international adoption regulation made for a class on International Protection of Children Rights at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester
This document provides an overview and analysis of the "4 Ps" framework for understanding US foreign policy goals and objectives. The 4 Ps are Power, Peace, Prosperity, and Principles. Each P is defined in terms of its theoretical underpinnings and the types of strategies and policies typically employed to achieve those goals. Examples throughout history are given that demonstrate instances where the 4 Ps have been complementary, required trade-offs, and caused dissensus.
History and present of Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union for a class on EU Transformation Political and Institutional Aspects at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester
Presentation made for a class on CIS Transformation Political and Institutional Aspects at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester
Discussing various views on applying International Humanitarian Law to Computer Network Attacks for Yerevan International Conference on IHL held at RAU - Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University, November 2012 and used for a class on International Humanitarian Law at Yerevan State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries
This document summarizes legislation on cyber security in the European Union, Eastern Partnership countries, and the United States. It discusses two definitions of cyber attacks, as means for usual crimes or computer-specific crimes. The aims of cyber attacks are described as accessing military/commercial secrets, stealing data, interrupting information flow, or propaganda/terrorism. Legal challenges include uncertainty over attackers and unpredictability. Legislation at the UN, US, EU, Council of Europe, CIS, and in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine is summarized. The document concludes that more specific legislation is needed while protecting freedom of speech and that international collaboration is important.
This document summarizes linguistic data from 6 Eastern Partnership countries - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. For each country it provides information on the ethnic composition according to recent census data, the languages used by ethnic groups, and details on whether they have signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The primary languages in most countries are Armenian, Azeri, Belarusian, Georgian, Moldovan/Romanian, and Ukrainian, but Russian is also widely used in some.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document provides an overview and analysis of the "4 Ps" framework for understanding US foreign policy goals and objectives. The 4 Ps are Power, Peace, Prosperity, and Principles. Each P is defined in terms of its theoretical underpinnings and the types of strategies and policies typically employed to achieve those goals. Examples throughout history are given that demonstrate instances where the 4 Ps have been complementary, required trade-offs, and caused dissensus.
History and present of Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union for a class on EU Transformation Political and Institutional Aspects at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester
Presentation made for a class on CIS Transformation Political and Institutional Aspects at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester
Discussing various views on applying International Humanitarian Law to Computer Network Attacks for Yerevan International Conference on IHL held at RAU - Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University, November 2012 and used for a class on International Humanitarian Law at Yerevan State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries
This document summarizes legislation on cyber security in the European Union, Eastern Partnership countries, and the United States. It discusses two definitions of cyber attacks, as means for usual crimes or computer-specific crimes. The aims of cyber attacks are described as accessing military/commercial secrets, stealing data, interrupting information flow, or propaganda/terrorism. Legal challenges include uncertainty over attackers and unpredictability. Legislation at the UN, US, EU, Council of Europe, CIS, and in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine is summarized. The document concludes that more specific legislation is needed while protecting freedom of speech and that international collaboration is important.
This document summarizes linguistic data from 6 Eastern Partnership countries - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. For each country it provides information on the ethnic composition according to recent census data, the languages used by ethnic groups, and details on whether they have signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The primary languages in most countries are Armenian, Azeri, Belarusian, Georgian, Moldovan/Romanian, and Ukrainian, but Russian is also widely used in some.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
2. Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
UN Security Council Structure
Legal Framework of UN Security Council
Exceptionality of UN Security Council
UN Security Council & Rule of Law
Conclusions
List of Sources
3. UN Security Council Structure
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations
2-year terms
no immediate
reelection
“…due regard being
specially paid, in the first
instance to the contribution
of Members of the United
Nations to the maintenance
of international peace and
security and to the other
purposes of the
Organisation, and also to
equitable geographical
distribution“
(UN Charter Art 23 (1)
4. UN Security Council
Legal Framework
UN Charter, Art 24 (1)
In order to ensure prompt and effective action by
the United Nations…
its Members confer on the Security Council
primary responsibility for the maintenance of
international peace and security,
… in carrying out its duties under this responsibility
the Security Council acts on their behalf.
UN Charter, Art 24 (2)
In discharging these duties the Security Council
shall act in accordance with the Purposes and
Principles of the United Nations
5. UN Security Council
Legal Framework
UN Charter, Art 25
The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and
carry out the decisions of the Security Council…
UN Charter, Art 48 (1)
The action required to carry out the decisions of the
Security Council for the maintenance of international
peace and security shall be taken by all the Members of the
United Nations or by some of them, as the Security Council
may determine.
UN Charter, Art 103
In the event of a conflict between the obligations of the
Members of the United Nations under the present Charter
and their obligations under any other international
agreement, their obligations under the present Charter
shall prevail.
6. Is UN Security Council the only
organ for maintaining peace?
GA
Secretary-General
ICJ
7. UN Security Council’s
Cycle of actions
To make a determination of “the existence of any threat to
the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression (UN
Charter, Art 39)
The notion expanded to include “internal
conflicts, widespread deprivations of human
rights, humanitarian disasters, and serious threats to
democratic government” (Matheson)
It was used in even broader sense to also mean “such
internal crises where there was a plausible concern that
their continuation might lead to regional and international
escalation”
Decide on measures not involving the use of force (UN
Charter, Art 41) – sanctions
Or use force if it considers such measures “would be
inadequate or have proved to be inadequate” (UN
Charter, Art 42) – other possibility is settlement on
peacekeapers
8. UN Security Council
Policy Critique
Political selectivity (Iraq, Syria)
Unequal composition
Legitimacy of actions
Violation of UN Charter itself when blaming people
for actions of governments as among its Purposes of
the United Nations are to maintain international
peace and security (Art 1) and promote “higher
standards of living, full employment, and conditions
of economic and social progress and development;
solutions of international
economic, social, health, and related problems; and
international cultural and educational co-operation;
and universal respect for, and observance of, human
rights and fundamental freedoms for all without
distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion” (Art
55)
9. UN Security Council & Rule of Law
Norms of objective international law
can be set aside if otherwise serious dangers and
sufferings must be expected, or even the existence of
community as such could not be protected – Straatraison
ILC’s Draft on the responsibility of states
Friendly Relations Declaration
German Federal Constitutional Court on compensation to aliens for illegal
expropriation to prevent insolvency
Jus cogens – peremptory norms of law
cannot be set aside (e. g., right to self-defense)
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Treaties may supersede customary law and create it or
overrule it as long as not set aside by consent of the partners as
long as they do not have a character of jus cogens (e.
g., environmental destruction when a certain degree is reached)
10. Different Views on
UN Security Council
UN shall be a party to a court, say ICJ
Right contra legem
UN Charter shall be treated as World Constitution with
UN Security Council as World Government
resolutions do not create law, they apply it
may violate dispositive law with general consent as per
accepting UN Charter as a legal system
sanctions may exempt humanitarian goods
Every state shall choose to judge legality of
resolutions and deny their binding effect due to an
autonomous judgment
UN Collapses
States should inform UN Security Council about their
reservations of it invoking jus cogens only acting
against the order of a resolution
11. Valuable functions of
UN Security Council
Looking at disputes brought by UN Member States (UN
Charter, Art 35) on non-members (UN Charter, Art 37)
Carrying out investigations (UN Charter, Art 34)
Making recommendation for peaceful settlement of
those “the continuance of which is likely to endanger the
maintenance of international peace and security“ (UN
Charter, Art 33)
legal disputes to be settled by ICJ (UN Charter, Art 36)
And other terms of settlement (UN Charter, Art 37)
Serving as the only international body that can impose
legal obligations on all UN member states
12. Sources
Commentary to the UN Charter – pp. 442-463, 701-748
Doehring, Karl. Unlawful Resolutions of the Security
Council and their Legal Consequences
Ewans. International Law – pp. 1206-1210, 1236-1273
Scharf, Michael P. The Law of International
Organizations: Problems and Materials – 2nd
edition, 2007, pp. 445-483
United Nations Charter
Wood, Michael. United Nations, Security Council - Max
Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law
www.mpepil.com
13. Kostiantyn Iakovliev (Ukraine)
MA in Human Rights and
Democratization,
Yerevan State University –
Belarusian State
University, 2013
https://plus.google.com/u/0/+
KostiantynIakovliev/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ia
kovliev
Photo taken at UN House Armenia
during Model UN in Fall 2012