5. The stapes in the _________
ear pushes against the ______:
A. Inner ear; round window
B. Inner ear; stapes
C. Middle ear; oval window
D. Middle ear; stapes
E. None of the above
6. The Organ of Corti contains the:
A. Basilar membrane
B. The hair cells
C. Tectorial membrane
D. A and B
E. All of the above
7. HIGH frequencies will resonate best at
the ______ of the basilar membrane?
A. Base
B. Apex
C. Middle
D. Edge
8. Frequency Analysis in the Cochlea
• The basilar membrane is narrower and stiffer at the basal end. It
is wider and less tightly stretched at the apical end.
• This increases the tendency for different frequencies to cause
maximum vibration amplitude at different points along the basilar
membrane
9. Transduction in the ear begins
with the:
A. The tympanic membrane
B. The basilar membrane
C. The hair cells
D. The tectorial membrane
10. Ion channels located on the hair cells are
______ gated.
A. Chemically
B. Mechanically
C. Electrically
D. A and C
12. The axons from spiral ganglion cells form
the auditory nerve, which project to the:
A. Inferior colliculus
B. Superior olives
C. Cochlear nucleus
D. Medial geniculate nucleus
13. The medial superior olives:
A. Compute the difference in arrival time
B. Compute the difference in intensity
C. Compute the difference in frequency
D. Compute the difference in complexity
14. The superior olives are located in the:
A. Hindbrain
B. Midbrain
C. Forebrain
D. Thalamus
17. The neural tube develops from the:
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Ectoderm
D. Neuroderm
18. The Neural Tube
How the neural
plate develops into
the neural tube
during the third
and fourth weeks
of human
embryological
development
19. Cells which migrate using a caterpillar like
motion are using:
A. Fasciculation
B. Somal translocation
C. Radial translocation
D. Inchworm migration
21. What was the key evidence against the
Blueprint hypothesis?
A. Guide post cells have not been found
B. Pioneer growth cones don’t use tunnels
C. The cell adhesion molecule is not enough
D. Transplanted cells are able to find targets
22. Sperry proposed which hypothesis?
A. The fine-tuning hypothesis
B. The blueprint hypothesis
C. The chemoaffinity hypothesis
D. The topographic gradient hypothesis
27. Which factors influence cell death?
A. Too few targets for neurons
B. Too many other neurons
C. A lack of neurotrophins
D. Incompatible firing patterns
E. All of the above
29. Vulnerable Developing Brain
More than 200 genetic mutations associated with mental
retardation
Developing brain is more vulnerable than the mature
brain to malnutrition, toxic chemicals and infections.
Examples:
– Hypothyroidism induces mental retardation in infants
– Fetal alcohol syndrome. Dendrites tend to be short,
with few branches
– Rett Syndrome. Anomaly of brain development with
mental retardation affecting mainly girls older than 1-2
years. Associated with lack of dendritic development
31. Which structures of H.M.’s brain
were removed?
A. Hippocampus
B. Rhinal cortex
C. Amydala
D. Medial temporal lobe
E. All of the above
32. As a result of the surgery, H.M. had
deficits in what type of memory?
A. Semantic memory
B. Skill memory
C. Episodic memory
D. Conditioning memory
E. All of the above
33. Long-Term Memory
Two Parallel Systems
Declarative (explicit): things Procedural (non-declarative,
you know that you can tell implicit): things you know that you
others can show by doing
Episodic: Semantic: the Skill Priming: Conditioning:
breakfast this name of the Learning: more likely to salivating
morning 44th president skiing, riding use a word when I see a
a bike you heard nice steak!
recently
Impaired OK! OK! OK! OK!
34. Which of the following are examples of
sensorimotor memory tasks?
A. Digit-span + 1 task
B. Mirror-drawing task
C. Rotating-pursuit task
D. Block-tapping task
E. B and C
35. Which are examples of implicit
memory tasks
A. Repetition-priming task
B. Incomplete-picture task
C. Mirror-drawing task
D. Rotary-pursuit task
E. All of the above
36. Mirror-Drawing Task
HM can learn new behavioral
skills
HM’s performance improves
with training sessions
– Normal sensory-motor
learning
He has no conscious
recollection of ever performing
it before
37. Rotary-Pursuit Task
HM can learn new behavioral
skills
HM’s performance improves
with training sessions
– Normal sensory-motor
learning
He has no conscious
recollection of ever performing
it before
38. Repetition Priming Task
HM can show normal Examine List of Words:
priming
Puppy
– More likely to use a word if
Mushroom
you have heard it recently Pancake
Salsa
Spicy
He has no conscious
recollection of the words
on the original list
Fill in the Blanks:
__us__ro__m
40. ECS was used to test Hebb’s
reverberating circuit hypothesis in:
A. Humans
B. Rats
C. Monkeys
D. A and B
E. All of the above
41. The Loftus study that was presented in
class altered memories most by:
A. Providing incomplete information
B. Providing inaccurate information
C. Just by accessing the memories
D. By using ECS to disrupt memories
42. Which of the following structures is/are
involved in object recognition?
A. Amygdala
B. Hippocampus
C. Rhinal Cortex
D. All of the above
43. Animal Models of Memory
Delayed Nonmatch-to-Sample
Task: monkey version
– Test of object recognition
memory
44. Animal Models Delayed Nonmatch-
of Memory to-Sample Task:
rodent version
Mumby Box – Mumby Box
– Test of object
recognition memory
45. Which part of the brain is involved in recognizing
the arrangement of items in a room?
A. The amygdala
B. The inferotemporal cortex
C. The prefrontal cortex
D. The striatum (basal ganglia)
E. The hippocampus
46. Where are Memories Stored?
In general, memories are stored in areas that contribute to
the acquisition of the memories
Examples:
Inferotemporal cortex: object recognition
Hipoocampus: spatial location
Amygdala: learned fear
Cerebellum: implicit sensorymotor tasks
Preforntal cortex: temporal order of
events, as in cooking
Striatum (basal ganglia): habit formation
47. The cells of the hippocampus that
respond to location are called:
A. Map cells
B. GPS cells
C. Place cells
D. Where cells
48. The creation of an allocentric map from
sensory input is an feature of:
A. Configural association theory
B. Cognitive map theory
C. Spatial arrangement theory
D. Consistent association theory
49. Hippocampus and Spatial Memory
Theories of Hippocampal Function
– Cognitive Map Hypothesis
Hippocampus contains a cognitive map of allocentric
space that serves as spatial context useful for
acquiring and recalling memory of any episode.
– Configural Association Theory
Hippocampus is critical for learning the significance of
combinations of stimuli (i.e., you will be learning about
biopsychology in this room, not any other topic)
– Spatial Arrangements
Hippocampus is important for recognizing the
arrangement of objects relative to one another (i.e.,
the layout of your living room)
Milner (1965): “… HM still had not learned the new address (though
remembering the old one perfectly), nor could he be trusted to find
his way home alone. He did not know where objects in constant use
were kept…”
51. When establishing LTP, the pairing a bell and a
steak to cause a dog to salivate (i.e. Pavlovian
conditioning) is an example of:
A. Simultivity
B. Associativity
C. Cooperativity
D. Amplitivity
52. NMDA receptors open their ion
channels when:
A. The cell is partially depolarized
B. Calcium is allowed into the cell
C. Glutamate binds to the receptor
D. A and C
53. The influx of what ion results in cellular
changes in the LTP process?
A. NA+
B. K+
C. CA++
D. Cl-
E. None of the above
54. The process of LTP may lead to:
A. More AMPA receptors on post-synaptic cell
B. More glutamate release by pre-synaptic cell
C. The release of nitric oxide by pre-synaptic cell
D. All of the above
55. Most commonly LTP occurs when:
A. The pre-synaptic cell fires
B. The post-synaptic cell fires
C. A then B
D. B then A
