Evolution of computers

1. Evolution of Computer

2. Introduction
The development of computers has been a
wonderful journey that has covered several
centuries and is defined by a number of inventions
and advancements made by our greatest
scientists. The evolution of computers is divided
into generations marked by substantial
advancements in hardware, software, and
computing capabilities 1. Here is a brief overview
of the five generations of computers:
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3. The Evolution of the
Computer: How Did
We Get to Where We
Are Today?

4. GENERATION OF COMPUTER
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1.First Generation Computer (1940-1956):
Vacuum Tubes were used in the first
generation of computers. They were large,
expensive, and generated a lot of heat. The
first electronic computer, ENIAC, was
developed during this period 1.

5. Did you know that the 1930s marked the
beginning of calculating machines, considered the
first programmable computers? Who knew that
computers were this old?
Konrad Zuse created what became known as the
first programmable computer, the Z1, in 1936 in
his parent’s living room in Berlin.
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6. The 1940s saw the emergence of electronic
computers, including the ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer) and the
EDVAC ( Electronic Discrete Variable and
Computer). This machines used vacuum tubes
and punched cards for data processing.
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7. 1.Second Generation Computer
(1956-1963): Transistors replaced
vacuum tubes in the second generation
of computers. They were smaller, faster,
and more reliable than vacuum tubes.
The first commercially successful
computer, IBM 1401, was developed
during this period 1.
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8. Third Generation – Integrated
Circuits ( 1964-1971 )
The Third Generation computers started
using integrated circuits instead of
transistors. Technically, the integrated
circuit (IC) is a semiconductor material
that contains thousands of transistors.
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9. Fourth Generation Computer (1971-
Present): Microprocessors replaced ICs in
the fourth generation of computers.
Microprocessors are small chips that
contain the entire CPU of a computer. They
are faster, cheaper, and more energy-
efficient than ICs. Personal computers,
laptops, and smartphones are examples of
fourth-generation computers 1.
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10. Fifth Generation of Computers (Present
and Beyond): Fifth-generation computers
are based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
They are designed to solve complex
problems using natural language
processing and other AI techniques. They
are still in the research and development
phase 1.
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