3. 3 16/09/1445
Mitigation
requires
assessment
Risk
requires
mitigation
Initiation
Identify
hazard(s)
Estimate the
likelihood of
occurrence
Estimate the magnitude
of the consequences
Develop conclusions
and describe
uncertainty
Develop recommendations
and describe uncertainty
• Evaluate mitigation options for:
• Efficacy
• Feasibility
• Impacts
Identify mitigation
options
Decision making
Describe the concern which has the
need.
Understand the background and
expectations.
Evaluate recommendations
against current environment
and values to select an
option.
Risk Assessment
Risk Management
9. 9 16/09/1445
• Disseminating information about the hazards and
risks to all interested parties (e.g., livestock owners,
the general public and politicians) and encouraging
dialogue between them.
• Risk perception
•Data alone
•Outrage and dread
•Voluntary vs involuntary risk
•Familiarity
•‘Socially amplified risk’
•Trust and mistrust
•Risk communication is essential to the entire
analysis approach – it is NOT an afterthought!
Risk communication
10. 10 16/09/1445
• Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) is a blood-borne disease of equidae caused by
the equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV). No treatment or vaccination is
available for this disease. Inapparent carrier animals can transmit the disease
and act as reservoirs. EIA is present in multiple countries in the European
Union (EU) and other parts of the world from which the Netherlands imports
equidae. National and international legislation, surveillance and control
measures are in place to prevent entry and spread of EIA in the Netherlands.
The purpose of this risk assessment was to qualitatively assess the
associated with EIA introduction into the Netherlands through
equidae. Methods:
• Four likelihood levels were determined; negligible, low, moderate and
1.The likelihood of entry was based on assessment of EIA presence in
exporting countries,
2.Import numbers,
3.Requirements for testing and border inspection.
• Imports with and without requirement for testing prior to export
illegal imports, were assessed separately.
• The likelihood of exposure was assessed by assessing three different
routes of exposure. These routes are transmission by vectors,
Examples for Risk
Analysis in Equine
Diseases
11. 11 16/09/1445
• The likelihood of entry and exposure were combined by the use of a
risk matrix to determine the likelihood of occurrence.
• Four categories of consequences were assessed;
1.animal health,
2.animal welfare,
3.socio-ethical and economic consequences.
• To determine the level of risk, the likelihood of occurrence was
combined with the magnitude of consequences by the use of another
risk matrix.
• Results: The likelihood of entry was considered to be low.
• The likelihood of exposure was considered to be moderate. These two
likelihoods were combined and resulted in a low likelihood of
occurrence.
• The combined magnitude of these consequences was low.
• Combining the likelihood of occurrence and the magnitude of the
consequences, the overall risk of associated with imports of live
equidae is low.
• The import risk of EIA into the Netherlands by import of live equidae is
12. 12 16/09/1445
• According to the definition, this means that
attention and certain risk reduction
measures may be required before authorizing
import according to the definition used in
this assessment.
• It was chosen to perform a qualitative instead
of a quantitative analysis.
• This kind of analysis may be more subjective
to interpretation of results, as the likelihood
and risk are described in words instead of
numbers.