environmental problem

1. Effect of Long-term Supplementation
With Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs
Placebo on Risk of Depression or
Clinically Relevant Depressive
Symptoms and on Change in Mood
Scores
Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 18353 adults participated in the VITAL-DEP (Vitamin D and
Omega-3 Trial-Depression Endpoint Prevention) to VITAL study, randomized screening of cardiovascular
disease and central cancer prevention of 25871 US adults. . There were 16657 at risk of post-traumatic
stressdisorder(nopreviousdepression)and1696 at riskof recurrentdepression(pre-existingdepression,
but not 2 years ago). Randomization occurred from November 2011 to March 2014; randomized
treatment expired on 31 December 2017.
Randomizedinterventionof 2× 2 factoryshare of vitaminD3(2000 IU / d),marine omega-3fattyacids(1
g / d of fish oil, including 465 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and -375 mg of docosahexaenoic acid) or
placebo; 9171 was randomly assigned to omega-3 and 9182 was randomly assigned to placebo.
Main Outcomes and Measures The first outcomes mentioned earlier were the risk of depression or
clinically appropriate depressive symptoms (incidence rate + recurrent episodes); means a difference in
emotional outcome (8-item Patient Health questions [PHQ-8] stress scale).
Researchers are exploring whether long-term support from marine omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) can
help prevent depression in adults.
InaVITAL-DEP(VitaminDandOmega-3Trial-DepressionEndpoint Prevention)studycompliantwithVITAL
(randomizedscreeningof cardiovasculardiseaseandcancerpreventionamong25 871 US adults),atotal
of adults 18,353 were included.

2. Participantswere randomlyassignedtoreceivevitaminD<su>3 (2000 IU /d),marine omega-3fattyacids
(1 g / d of fish oil, including 465 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 375 mg of docosahexaenoic acid) or
placebo.
The mixedfindingsof asignificantincrease instatistical riskof depressionorclinicallyrelevantdepressive
symptoms (risk ratio, 1.13) were seen in conjunction with providing omega-3 daily placebo
supplementationbutno significantdifference in8-itemPatientHealthquestionnaires.emotional scores
of depressionscale (0.03points,comparedwithomega-3andplacebo),overa 5-year treatment period.
Overall the findingsdonotprovide supportingevidenceforthe use of omega-3fattyacidsupplementsto
prevent depression in adults.
Conclusions and Appropriateness For adults 50 years of age or older who have no initially associated
depressive symptoms, treatment with omega-3 supplements compared to placebo produced mixed
results,withasmall butsignificantincreaseinthe riskof depressionorclinical symptomsassociatedwith
depressionbutnodifference.inemotionalschools,inadditiontoanaverage of 5.3 years.These findings
do not support the use of omega-3 supplements in adults to prevent depression.
Dailyconsumptionof marineomega-3fattyacidsupplementsdoesnotpreventthe latesthealthproblems
in adults, according to the results of recent randomized clinical trials.
To better understand the relationship between long-term omega-3 supplementation and stress,
researchersconductedastudyof VitaminDandOmega-3Trial-DepressionEndpointPrevention.Included
18,353 adults50 yearsof age or olderwho were at riskof depressive disorderbutwhohad no previous
depressionorwhowereatriskforrecurrentdepressionbutwhohadnothadclinicallyrelevantdepressive
symptoms for 2 years.
Participantswere randomlyassignedtoreceive vitaminD3(2000 IU / d),marine omega-3fattyacids(1 g
/ d of fish oil, including 465 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid and 375 mg of docosahexaenoic acid. ), or
placebo. The main outcomes included the risk of depression or clinical symptoms associated with
depression, as well as a direct difference in the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8).
Additionally, omega-3 and placebo groups had a similar prevalence of adverse events:
"Amongadults50 yearsof age or olderwhodidnot initiallyexperience significantdepressive symptoms,
treatment with omega-3 supplements compared to placebo produced mixed results, with a small but
significant increase in the risk of depression or clinical symptoms associated with depression but no

3. difference inmood.,points,inadditiontoa medianfollow-upof 5.3 years,"the researchersconcluded."
These findings do not support the use of omega-3 supplements in adults to prevent depression. "
Link social determinant to health issue?
Health is influenced by many factors, which can be grouped into five broad categories knownas health
decisions: genetics, behavior, environmental and physical influences, medical care and social factors.
These five categories are intertwined.
The fifth category (social determinants of health) covers the economic and social conditions that affect
the healthof individualsandcommunities.4Theseconditionsare shapedbysocio-economicstatus,which
isthe amountof money,energy,andresourcesthatpeoplehave,all ofthese.theyare influencedbysocio-
economicfactors(eg,policies,culture,andsocial norms).All of thesefactors(communitydecisions) have
an impact on the health and well-being of the people and communities with which they interact.
Several factors related to health outcomes are listed below.
 How a person develops during the first few years of life (early childhood development)
 How much education a person receives and the level of that education
 Ability to find and keep a job
 What kind of work a person does
 Having food or access to food (food security)
 Access to health care and the quality of those services
Convincingly argue for the inclusion of an
SDH approach?
Social health decisions such as poverty, unequal access to health care,lack of education, discrimination,
and discrimination are factors that contribute to health inequality. The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) is committed to achieving improvements in people's lives by reducing health
inequalities.

4. Meaningfully incorporate information from
at least five sources?
 assessing public health and patterns of illness and injury;
 identifying unmet regional health needs;
 record patterns of health care costs on inappropriate, wasteful, or potentially harmful resources;
 find less expensive care providers; and
 improve the quality of care in hospitals, doctors' offices, clinics, and other health care facilities.
Did not cite five sources and article
(deduction)
if you do not name your source correctly, it is cheating. ... If you cheat,you are not giving credit
to those whose research paved the way for yours. You also make a mistake with your readers,
who may not be able to contact your sources for more informatin