जल प्रदूषण, से अभिप्राय जल निकायों जैसे कि, झीलों, नदियों, समुद्रों और भूजल के पानी के संदूषित होने से है। जल प्रदूषण, इन जल निकायों के पादपों और जीवों को प्रभावित करता है और सर्वदा यह प्रभाव न सिर्फ इन जीवों या पादपों के लिए अपितु संपूर्ण जैविक तंत्र के लिए विनाशकारी होता है।
जल प्रदूषण का मुख्य कारण मानव या जानवरों की जैविक या फिर औद्योगिक क्रियाओं के फलस्वरूप पैदा हुये प्रदूषकों को बिना किसी समुचित उपचार के सीधे जल धारायों में विसर्जित कर दिया जाना है।
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
जल प्रदूषण, से अभिप्राय जल निकायों जैसे कि, झीलों, नदियों, समुद्रों और भूजल के पानी के संदूषित होने से है। जल प्रदूषण, इन जल निकायों के पादपों और जीवों को प्रभावित करता है और सर्वदा यह प्रभाव न सिर्फ इन जीवों या पादपों के लिए अपितु संपूर्ण जैविक तंत्र के लिए विनाशकारी होता है।
जल प्रदूषण का मुख्य कारण मानव या जानवरों की जैविक या फिर औद्योगिक क्रियाओं के फलस्वरूप पैदा हुये प्रदूषकों को बिना किसी समुचित उपचार के सीधे जल धारायों में विसर्जित कर दिया जाना है।
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
The presentation topic is water pollution. The document defines water pollution as contamination of water that generally refers to adverse changes in water quality resulting from human activities. It discusses various causes and sources of water pollution including industrial waste, sewage, surface water runoff and atmospheric deposition. The effects of water pollution on organisms and ecosystems are also outlined. Methods for treating and preventing further water pollution are presented, including conserving water usage, proper disposal of chemicals and litter, and planting more vegetation to reduce runoff.
This document discusses water pollution. It defines water pollution as occurring when harmful substances are released into water bodies in large enough quantities to damage wildlife, habitat, or human health. The document outlines various types and sources of water pollution, including direct sources like untreated industrial effluent and indirect sources like agricultural runoff. It also describes some common signs of water pollution and discusses the effects of pollution on the environment, agriculture, animals, and human health, such as increased disease, algae blooms, and loss of biodiversity. Finally, it provides some recommendations for managing water pollution, like applying the polluter pays principle and encouraging international cooperation.
Agriculture accounts for 70% of total water usage, while domestic use accounts for 22% and industrial use accounts for 8%. Most water usage goes toward agriculture where it is used for irrigation and then often evaporates, transpired by plants, or incorporated into products.
Presentation in Hindi on Bicycles: Means of Transpiration by student Sake Kruk, BA International studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands
#Hindi-Urdu
Water covers most of the Earth's surface and is essential for life. While most water is found in oceans, it is also found in other sources like groundwater, glaciers, and the atmosphere. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water bodies directly or indirectly. It damages both individual species and entire ecosystems. Pollution can come from point sources like pipes or non-point sources like runoff. Common causes of water pollution include sewage, industrial and agricultural chemicals, combustion byproducts, oil spills, and improper waste disposal. Polluted water can spread diseases and harm the environment. Solutions involve cleanup, pollution prevention, water treatment, and regulations.
The Presentation briefly consists about what is water pollution,It's Sources, It's effects, Precautions, etc...
There is also a video about the some examples of the effects of Water Pollution on Humans,Animals and birds.
This document discusses water pollution, its causes, types, and effects. It defines water pollution as contamination of water bodies by toxic substances that degrade water quality. Major causes discussed include sewage discharge, industrial waste, agricultural and residential runoff containing nutrients and chemicals. Types addressed are nutrients, surface water, oxygen-depleting, groundwater, microbiological, suspended, and chemical pollution. Effects include aquatic life death, disrupted food chains, increased disease prevalence, and ecosystem destruction. Prevention methods like proper waste disposal and reducing chemical usage are recommended. Wastewater treatment involves screening, primary settling, secondary biological treatment, and final filtration before discharge.
Water is a transparent fluid that forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans, and rain. It consists of one oxygen molecule and two hydrogen molecules. Two thirds of the human body is dependent on water, which serves important functions like detoxification, lubrication, and nutrient transportation. The daily water requirement for humans is 2-2.5 liters, with food providing 1 liter and drinking water supplying the remaining 1.5-2 liters. Natural sources of water include rain, underground aquifers, and surface water sources like rivers and lakes. Fresh water is naturally occurring while portable water is fit for human consumption. The water cycle describes the movement of water on Earth through states of liquid, vapor, and ice
This document discusses water pollution including its types and effects. It defines water pollution as the contamination of water bodies by pollutants directly or indirectly discharged without treatment. The types of water pollution covered are surface, ground, microbiological, nutrient, and chemical. Effects include visible trash and waste, contamination of drinking water, disease transmission, excess algae growth displacing oxygen, and pollution from industrial chemicals and metals harming wildlife. Prevention methods include organized clean ups and changing habits to protect this important resource.
Water pollution effects,causes,and how it is dandages to human life.Navyasri Kallam
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into bodies of water like lakes and rivers. It affects plants and organisms living in these waters and damages biological communities. Water pollution has many causes including chemicals released from smokestacks that fall into water sources as rain. It endangers human health by contaminating drinking water with pathogens from human and animal waste that can cause illnesses like typhoid, cholera, dysentery, polio and hepatitis. Around half of ocean pollution is sewage and other industrial waste, much of which is improperly disposed of in waterways.
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate bodies of water, making the water unsafe or unhealthy for aquatic life and human use. The presentation discusses different types of water pollution like point source, non-point source, and surface water pollution. It also covers the health impacts of water pollution and methods to prevent and treat water pollution, including conservation efforts, proper waste disposal, and water treatment plant processes. The goal is to raise awareness about water pollution issues and solutions.
Water pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate water bodies like lakes, rivers, and oceans. It is often caused by human activities from point sources like factories and sewage, as well as non-point sources like surface runoff. Water pollution can kill aquatic animals, disrupt food chains, and cause diseases in humans. While laws aim to restrict water pollution, challenges remain in enforcement and public education. Individual actions like conserving water and properly disposing of waste can help address the issue.
This document discusses various types and causes of water pollution. It outlines 8 main types: nutrient pollution, surface water pollution, oxygen depleting pollution, suspended matter, chemical pollution, oil spillage, ground water pollution, and microbiological pollution. The causes of water pollution include industrial, residential, and agricultural activities. The effects of water pollution are the spread of disease, harm to body organs, disruption of food chains, increased algae growth, and harm to animals.
Water pollution occurs when harmful chemicals, physical materials, or biological materials are discharged into water sources such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and underground reservoirs. When humans drink polluted water it can seriously impact their health. There are several types of water pollution including surface water, ground water, microbiological, chemical, oxygen depleting, nutrients, and suspended matter. Water pollution is caused by factors such as marine dumping, oil pollution, global warming, and radioactive waste. We can help prevent water pollution by properly applying fertilizers, choosing alternative methods, not littering, following laws, and acting smartly.
The presentation topic is water pollution. The document defines water pollution as contamination of water that generally refers to adverse changes in water quality resulting from human activities. It discusses various causes and sources of water pollution including industrial waste, sewage, surface water runoff and atmospheric deposition. The effects of water pollution on organisms and ecosystems are also outlined. Methods for treating and preventing further water pollution are presented, including conserving water usage, proper disposal of chemicals and litter, and planting more vegetation to reduce runoff.
This document discusses water pollution. It defines water pollution as occurring when harmful substances are released into water bodies in large enough quantities to damage wildlife, habitat, or human health. The document outlines various types and sources of water pollution, including direct sources like untreated industrial effluent and indirect sources like agricultural runoff. It also describes some common signs of water pollution and discusses the effects of pollution on the environment, agriculture, animals, and human health, such as increased disease, algae blooms, and loss of biodiversity. Finally, it provides some recommendations for managing water pollution, like applying the polluter pays principle and encouraging international cooperation.
Agriculture accounts for 70% of total water usage, while domestic use accounts for 22% and industrial use accounts for 8%. Most water usage goes toward agriculture where it is used for irrigation and then often evaporates, transpired by plants, or incorporated into products.
Presentation in Hindi on Bicycles: Means of Transpiration by student Sake Kruk, BA International studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands
#Hindi-Urdu
Water covers most of the Earth's surface and is essential for life. While most water is found in oceans, it is also found in other sources like groundwater, glaciers, and the atmosphere. Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate water bodies directly or indirectly. It damages both individual species and entire ecosystems. Pollution can come from point sources like pipes or non-point sources like runoff. Common causes of water pollution include sewage, industrial and agricultural chemicals, combustion byproducts, oil spills, and improper waste disposal. Polluted water can spread diseases and harm the environment. Solutions involve cleanup, pollution prevention, water treatment, and regulations.
The Presentation briefly consists about what is water pollution,It's Sources, It's effects, Precautions, etc...
There is also a video about the some examples of the effects of Water Pollution on Humans,Animals and birds.
This document discusses water pollution, its causes, types, and effects. It defines water pollution as contamination of water bodies by toxic substances that degrade water quality. Major causes discussed include sewage discharge, industrial waste, agricultural and residential runoff containing nutrients and chemicals. Types addressed are nutrients, surface water, oxygen-depleting, groundwater, microbiological, suspended, and chemical pollution. Effects include aquatic life death, disrupted food chains, increased disease prevalence, and ecosystem destruction. Prevention methods like proper waste disposal and reducing chemical usage are recommended. Wastewater treatment involves screening, primary settling, secondary biological treatment, and final filtration before discharge.
Water is a transparent fluid that forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans, and rain. It consists of one oxygen molecule and two hydrogen molecules. Two thirds of the human body is dependent on water, which serves important functions like detoxification, lubrication, and nutrient transportation. The daily water requirement for humans is 2-2.5 liters, with food providing 1 liter and drinking water supplying the remaining 1.5-2 liters. Natural sources of water include rain, underground aquifers, and surface water sources like rivers and lakes. Fresh water is naturally occurring while portable water is fit for human consumption. The water cycle describes the movement of water on Earth through states of liquid, vapor, and ice
This document discusses water pollution including its types and effects. It defines water pollution as the contamination of water bodies by pollutants directly or indirectly discharged without treatment. The types of water pollution covered are surface, ground, microbiological, nutrient, and chemical. Effects include visible trash and waste, contamination of drinking water, disease transmission, excess algae growth displacing oxygen, and pollution from industrial chemicals and metals harming wildlife. Prevention methods include organized clean ups and changing habits to protect this important resource.
Water pollution effects,causes,and how it is dandages to human life.Navyasri Kallam
Water pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into bodies of water like lakes and rivers. It affects plants and organisms living in these waters and damages biological communities. Water pollution has many causes including chemicals released from smokestacks that fall into water sources as rain. It endangers human health by contaminating drinking water with pathogens from human and animal waste that can cause illnesses like typhoid, cholera, dysentery, polio and hepatitis. Around half of ocean pollution is sewage and other industrial waste, much of which is improperly disposed of in waterways.
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances contaminate bodies of water, making the water unsafe or unhealthy for aquatic life and human use. The presentation discusses different types of water pollution like point source, non-point source, and surface water pollution. It also covers the health impacts of water pollution and methods to prevent and treat water pollution, including conservation efforts, proper waste disposal, and water treatment plant processes. The goal is to raise awareness about water pollution issues and solutions.
Water pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate water bodies like lakes, rivers, and oceans. It is often caused by human activities from point sources like factories and sewage, as well as non-point sources like surface runoff. Water pollution can kill aquatic animals, disrupt food chains, and cause diseases in humans. While laws aim to restrict water pollution, challenges remain in enforcement and public education. Individual actions like conserving water and properly disposing of waste can help address the issue.
This document discusses various types and causes of water pollution. It outlines 8 main types: nutrient pollution, surface water pollution, oxygen depleting pollution, suspended matter, chemical pollution, oil spillage, ground water pollution, and microbiological pollution. The causes of water pollution include industrial, residential, and agricultural activities. The effects of water pollution are the spread of disease, harm to body organs, disruption of food chains, increased algae growth, and harm to animals.
Water pollution occurs when harmful chemicals, physical materials, or biological materials are discharged into water sources such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and underground reservoirs. When humans drink polluted water it can seriously impact their health. There are several types of water pollution including surface water, ground water, microbiological, chemical, oxygen depleting, nutrients, and suspended matter. Water pollution is caused by factors such as marine dumping, oil pollution, global warming, and radioactive waste. We can help prevent water pollution by properly applying fertilizers, choosing alternative methods, not littering, following laws, and acting smartly.
पर्यावरण एवं सतत विकास || Paryawaran || Shanti shiksha || AkhilAkhil
get more ppts on my YouTube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcWy1iNwpvkdAUj1pdgRCIQ
Shanti shiksha Evam Satat Prayas
पर्यावरण एवं सतत विकास
Environment and sustainable development
व्यावसायिक पर्यावरण _ व्यावसायिक उद्योगों का पर्यावरण प्रदूषण पर प्रभाव एवं न...PRAVIN KUMAR
मानव जीवन को सुखी व समृद्धशाली बनाने के लिए विकसित व विकासशील राष्ट्र तेज गति से औद्योगीकरण कर रहे हैं। समाज की विभिन्न प्रकार की उपयोगी वस्तुएं व सेवाएं प्रदान करने के उद्देश्य से ही आज अनेक बहु-राष्ट्रीय निगम (Multi-national Corporations) औद्योगिक क्षितिज पर पनप रहे हैं। एक ओर तो बढ़ते हुए औद्योगीकरण ने कृषि पर जनसंख्या के भार को कम करते हुए उत्पादन एवं उत्पादकता में वृद्धि की है; रोजगार के नये अवसर प्रदान किये हैं एवं उपभोक्ताओं की बढ़ती हुई आवश्यकताओं की सन्तुष्टि की है, किन्तु इससे उत्पन्न 'प्रदूषण' (POLLUTION) ने अब अधिक औद्योगीकरण के मार्ग में एक प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न-सा लगा दिया है तथा उसके भयंकर दुष्परिणामों को रोकने का दायित्व व्यवसाय तथा उसके प्रबन्धकों पर डाला है।
Air pollution in Hindi- वायु प्रदूषण, हमारे ग्रह के लिए अदृश्य खतरा। वायु प्रदूषण विभिन्न कारकों के कारण होता है। और इस प्रकार के कारण मनुष्यों द्वारा किए जाते हैं।
इस लेख में मैं वायु प्रदूषण(Air Pollution in Hindi) और यह कैसे होता है, इसका नारा और कई अन्य बातों पर चर्चा करूंगा।
वायु प्रदूषण एक गंभीर वैश्विक मुद्दा है जो हमारे द्वारा सांस लेने वाली हवा की गुणवत्ता को प्रभावित करता है और मानव स्वास्थ्य, पारिस्थितिक तंत्र और पूरे ग्रह के लिए महत्वपूर्ण खतरा पैदा करता है। यह पृथ्वी के वायुमंडल में हानिकारक पदार्थों की उपस्थिति को संदर्भित करता है, जो मुख्य रूप से मानवीय गतिविधियों के कारण होता है।
जैसे-जैसे हमारा समाज विकसित हो रहा है और औद्योगीकरण हो रहा है, वायु प्रदूषण की समस्या और अधिक गंभीर हो गई है, जिस पर तत्काल ध्यान देने और कार्रवाई करने की आवश्यकता है। यह लेख वायु प्रदूषण से निपटने के कारणों, परिणामों और संभावित समाधानों की पड़ताल करता है।
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about water born diseases IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #water,#borne,#nurses,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICER
THESE SLIDES ARE PREPAREED TO UNDERSTAND about ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN INDIA IN EASY WAY Important links- NOTES- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/c/MYSTUDENTSU... CHANEL PLAYLIST- ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPM3VTGVUXIeswKJ3XGaD2p COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPyslPNdIJoVjiXEDTVEDzs CHILD HEALTH NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gANcslmv0DXg6BWmWN359Gvg FIRST AID- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMvGqeqH2ZTklzFAZhOrvgP HCM- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAM7mZ1vZhQBHWbdLnLb-cH9 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPFxu78NDLpGPaxEmK1fTao COMMUNICABLE DISEASES- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOWo4IwNjLU_LCuhRN0ZLeb ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAPkI6LvfS8Zu1nm6mZi9FK6 MSN- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAOdyoHnDLAoR_o8M6ccqYBm HINDI ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAN4L-FJ3s_IEXgZCijGUA1A ENGLISH ONLY- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL93S13oM2gAMYv2a1hFcq4W1nBjTnRkHP facebook profile- https://www.facebook.com/suresh.kr.lrhs/ FACEBOOK PAGE- https://www.facebook.com/My-Student-S... facebook group NURSING NOTES- https://www.facebook.com/groups/24139... FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG – BLOGGER- https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/ Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsu... Twitter- https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08 #PEM, #water,#waterborne,#ICDS,#diseases,#ASSESSMENT, #APPEARENCE,#PULSE,#GRIMACE,#REFLEX,#RESPIRATION,#RESUSCITATION,#NEWBORN,#BABY,#VIRGINIA, #CHILD, #OXYGEN,#CYANOSIS,#OPTICNERVE, #SARACHNA,#MYSTUDENTSUPPORTSYSTEM, #rashes,#nursingclasses, #communityhealthnursing,#ANM, #GNM, #BSCNURING,#NURSINGSTUDENTS, #WHO,#NURSINGINSTITUTION,#COLLEGEOFNURSING,#nursingofficer,#COMMUNITYHEALTHOFFICE,#HEALTHPROBLEMS
2. मानव की ववकास सम्बन्धी गतिववधधयााँ जैसे भवन तनमााण,
यािायाि और तनमााण न क
े वल प्राकृ तिक संसाधनों को
घटािी है बल्कक इिना क
ू ड़ा-कक
ा ट (अपशिष्ट) भी उत्पन्न
करिी हैं ल्जससे वायु, जल, मृदा और समुद्र सभी प्रदूविि
हो जािे हैं। वैल्ववक ऊष्मण बढ़िा है और अम्ल विाा बढ़
जािी है। अनुपचाररि या अनुधचि रूप से उपचाररि
अपशिष्ट (क
ू ड़ा-कक
ा ट) नददयों क
े प्रदूिण और पयाावरणीय
अवक्रमण का मुख्य कारण है ल्जसक
े फलस्वरूप स्वास््य
का खराब होना और फसलों की उत्पादकिा में कमी आिी
है। इस पाठ में आप प्रदूिण क
े प्रमुख कारणों, हमारे
पयाावरण पर पड़ने वाले उनक
े प्रभावों और ववशभन्न उपायों
क
े बारे में जानकारी प्राप्ि करेंगे, ल्जनसे इस प्रकार क
े
प्रदूिणों को तनयंत्रिि ककया जा सकिा है।
3. मानव गतिववधधयााँ ककसी न ककसी प्रकार से पयाावरण
को प्रतिक
ू ल रूप से प्रभाववि करिी ही हैं। एक पत्थर
काटने वाला उपकरण वायुमंडल में तनलंत्रबि कणणकीय
द्रव्य (Particulate matter, उड़िे हुए कण) और िोर
फ
ै ला देिा है। गाड़ड़यााँ (ऑटोमोबाइल) अपने पीछे लगे
तनकास पाइप से नाइट्रोजन, सकफर डाइऑक्साइड,
काबान डाइऑक्साइड, काबान मोनोऑक्साइड और
हाइड्रोजन का शमश्रण भरा काला धुआाँ छोड़िे हैं ल्जससे
वािावरण प्रदूविि होिा है।
4. प्रदूिण क
े तनम्नशलणखि प्रकार हो सकिे हैं:
- वायु प्रदूिण
- ध्वतन प्रदूिण
- जल प्रदूिण
- मृदा (भूशम) प्रदूिण
5. वायु प्रदूिण औद्योधगक गतिववधधयों और क
ु छ घरेलू
गतिववधधयों क
े फलस्वरूप होिा है। िाप संयंिों, जीवावममय
ईंधन क
े तनरन्िर बढ़िे प्रयोग, उद्योगों, यािायाि, खनन
काया, भवन-तनमााण और पत्थरों की खुदाई से वायु-प्रदूिण
होिा है। वायु प्रदूिण को इस प्रकार पररभाविि ककया जा
सकिा है कक वायु में ककसी भी हातनकारक ठोस, िरल या
गैस का, ल्जसमें ध्वतन और रेड़डयोधमी ववककरण भी िाशमल
हैं, इिनी मािा में शमल जाना जो प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष रूप
से मानव और अन्य जीवधाररयों को हातनकारक रूप से
प्रभाववि करिे हैं। इनक
े कारण पौधे, सम्पवि और पयाावरण
की स्वाभाववक प्रकक्रया बाधधि होिी है। वायु प्रदूिण दो
प्रकार का होिा है
6. ध्वतन एक सबसे अधधक व्यापक प्रदूिक है। संगीिमय घड़ी
ददन में मधुर लग सकिी है, परन्िु राि को सोिे समय
िकलीफ दे सकिी है। िोर को इस प्रकार पररभाविि कर
सकिे हैं- ‘व्यथा की ध्वतन’ या ‘कोई भी ऐसी ध्वतन जो
सुनने वाले क
े शलये रुधचकर न हो।’ उद्योगों का िोर - जैसे
पत्थरों का काटना और क
ू टना, स्टील को िपा कर पीटना
(लोहार का काम), लाउडस्पीकर, अपना सामान बेचने क
े
शलये ववक्र
े िा का धचकलाना, भारी पररवहन वाहनों क
े चलने
से, रेलगाड़ड़यााँ और हवाई जहाज आदद कष्टदायक ध्वतन
उत्पन्न करिे हैं ल्जससे रक्िचाप का बढ़ना, क्रोध आना,
काया क
ु िलिा में कमी, श्रवण िल्क्ि का क्षीण होना आदद
परेिातनयााँ पैदा हो सकिी हैं।
7.
जल-प्रदूषण
जल में अतनल्छछि या अवांछनीय पदाथों का शमला होना या पाया
जाना ही जल-प्रदूिण कहलािा है।
जल प्रदूिण एक सबसे गम्भीर पयाावरणीय समस्या है। जल
प्रदूिण मानव की अनेक गतिववधधयों क
े कारण होिा है जैसे
औद्योधगक, कृ वि और घरेलू कारणों से होिा है। कृ वि का क
ू ड़ा-
कचरा ल्जसमें रासायतनक उवारक और कीटनािक शमले होिे हैं।
औद्योधगक बदहर्स्ाावों क
े साथ-साथ वविालु पदाथों का शमलना,
मानव और जानवरों का तनष्काशसि मल-जल सभी जल-प्रदूिण
का कारण हैं। जल-प्रदूिण क
े प्राकृ तिक कारणों में मृदा अपरदन,
चट्टानों से खतनजों का ररसाव और जैव पदाथों का सड़ना तनदहि
है। नददयााँ, झरने, सागर, समुद्र, ज्वारनदमुख, भूशमगि जलर्स्ोि
भी त्रबंदु और गैर त्रबंदु र्स्ोिों क
े कारण प्रदूविि होिे हैं। जब
प्रदूिक ककसी तनल्वचि स्थान से नाशलयों और पाइपों क
े द्वारा
पानी में धगरिा है
8. मृदा प्रदूषण
मृदा की गुणविा और इसकी उवारक िल्क्ि को प्रतिक
ू ल
रूप से प्रभाववि करने वाले ककसी भी पदाथा का भूशम
में शमलना ‘मृदा प्रदूिण’ कहलािा है। प्रायः जल भी
भूशम को प्रदूविि करने वाला एक प्रदूिक है। प्लाल्स्टक,
कपड़ा, ग्लास (कााँच), धािु और जैव पदाथा, सीवेज,
सीवेज गाद, तनमााण का मलबा, ऐसा कोई भी ठोस
क
ू ड़ा जो घरों, व्यवसायों और औद्योधगक संस्थानों से
तनकलिा है मृदा प्रदूिण में वृद्धध करिा है। राख, लोहा
और लोहे का कचरा, धचककत्सकीय और औद्योधगक
क
ू ड़ा ल्जन्हें कहीं भी जमीन पर डाल ददया जािा है,
मृदा प्रदूिण क
े महत्त्वपूणा र्स्ोि हैं।