2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
1. The word epidemiology comes from the Greek words epi, meaning on or upon, demos, meaning
people, and logos, meaning the study of. In other words, the word epidemiology has its roots in the
study of what befalls a population. Many definitions have been proposed, but the following
definition captures the underlying principles and public health spirit of epidemiology:
The study of the distribution and
determinants of health-related states and
events in specified populations and the
application of this study to the control of
health problems” (Tyler and Last, 1991, p.
12)
What is
Epidemiology?
2. এপিডেপিওলজি শব্দটি এডেডে গ্রীক শব্দ epi থেডক, যার অে থঅন বা অন, থেডিা, যার অে থিানুষ
এবং থলাড া, যার অে থঅধ্যয়ন। অনয কোয়, এপিডেপিওলজি শডব্দর িূল রডয়ডে একটি
িনেংখ্যার অধ্যয়ডনর িডধ্য। অডনক েংজ্ঞা প্রস্তাব করা হডয়ডে, পকন্তু পনম্নপলপখ্ত েংজ্ঞাটি
িহািারীপবদ্যার অন্তপন থ
পহত নীপত এবং িনস্বাডযযর থেতনাডক ধ্ডর থরডখ্ডে:
“নিনদিষ্ট জিসংখ্যার স্বাস্থ্য-সম্পনকিত অবস্থ্া এবং ঘটিাগুনির নবস্তার এবং নির্ ি
ারকগুনির
অর্যয়ি এবং স্বাস্থ্য সমসযা নিয়ন্ত্রণে এই গণবষোর প্রণয়াগ”
এনিণেনমওিজজ (মহামারীনবদযা) নক?
3. Epidemiology is the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations. In
epidemiology, the patient is the community and individuals are viewed collectively. By definition,
epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern)
and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified
populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global). It is also the application of this study to the
control of health problems (Source: Principles of Epidemiology, 3rd Edition).
4. এপিডেপিওলজি হল একটি িদ্ধপত যা িনেংখ্যার স্বাডযযর ফলাফল এবং থরাড র কারণ খ্ুুঁডি থবর করডত
বযবহৃত হয়। এপিডেপিওলজিডত, থরা ী হল েম্প্রদ্ায় এবং বযজিডদ্র েজিপলতভাডব থদ্খ্া হয়। েংজ্ঞা
অনুোডর, িহািারীপবদ্যা হল পনপদ্থষ্ট িনেংখ্যা (িাডায়) স্বাযয-েম্পপকথত অবযা এবং ঘিনাগুপলর (শুধ্ু থরা
নয়) থরাড র পবস্তার (পিডকাডয়জি, িযািান থ
) এবং পনধ্ থ
ারক (কারণ, ঝুুঁ পকর কারণ) অধ্যয়ন (ববজ্ঞাপনক,
িদ্ধপত ত এবং থেিা-োপলত) , স্ক
ু ল, শহর, রািয, থদ্শ, পবশ্ব)। এটি স্বাযয েিেযা পনয়ন্ত্রডণর িনয এই ডবষণার
প্রডয়া ও (েূত্র: এপিডেপিওলজির নীপত, 3য় েংস্করণ)।
5.
6.
7. মহামারী সংক্রান্ত অর্যয়ণির উণেশ্য:
1) জিসংখ্যার মণর্য একটট ররাণগর িনরমাে এবং ছনিণয় িিা নির্ ি
ারে করা
2) ররাণগর কারে অিুসন্ধাি করণত
3) এই ররাগ নিয়ন্ত্রে এবং প্রনতণরাণর্র জিয এই জ্ঞাি প্রণয়াগ করা
8. Distribution
Epidemiology is concerned with the frequency and pattern of health events in a population:
Frequency refers not only to the number of health events such as the number of cases of
meningitis or diabetes in a population, but also to the relationship of that number to the size of the
population. The resulting rate allows epidemiologists to compare disease occurrence across
different populations.
Pattern refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person. Time patterns
may be annual, seasonal, weekly, daily, hourly, weekday versus weekend, or any other breakdown of
time that may influence disease or injury occurrence. Place patterns include geographic variation,
urban/rural differences, and location of work sites or schools. Personal characteristics include
demographic factors which may be related to risk of illness, injury, or disability such as age, sex,
marital status, and socioeconomic status, as well as behaviors and environmental exposures.
Characterizing health events by time, place, and person are activities of descriptive
epidemiology.
9. ররাণগর নবস্তার
এপিডেপিওলজি একটি িনেংখ্যার স্বাযয ইডভডের পিডকাডয়জি এবং িযািাডন থ
র োডে েম্পপকথত:
নিণকাণয়জি শুধ্ুিাত্র িনেংখ্যার থিপননিাইটিে বা োয়াডবটিডের েংখ্যার িডতা স্বাযয ইডভডের েংখ্যাডক
নয়, িনেংখ্যার আকাডরর োডে থেই েংখ্যার েম্পকথডকও থবাঝায়। ফলাফডলর হার িহািারী পবডশষজ্ঞডদ্র
পবপভন্ন িনেংখ্যা িুডড থরাড র ঘিনা তুলনা করার অনুিপত থদ্য়।
িযাটাি িেিয়, যান এবং বযজি অনুোডর স্বাযয-েম্পপকথত ইডভেগুপলর ঘিনাডক থবাঝায়। েিডয়র
িযািান থ
গুপল বাপষ থ
ক, থিৌেুিী, োপ্তাপহক, বদ্পনক, ঘোয়, েপ্তাডহর পদ্ন বনাি েপ্তাহাডন্ত, বা েিডয়র অনয
থকান ভাঙ্গন হডত িাডর যা থরা বা আঘাডতর ঘিনাডক প্রভাপবত করডত িাডর। যাডনর ধ্রণগুপলর িডধ্য
থভৌ পলক িপরবতথন, শহ
ু ডর/গ্রািীণ িাে থ
কয এবং কাডির যান বা স্ক
ু লগুপলর অবযান অন্তভু থি রডয়ডে।
বযজি ত ববপশষ্টযগুপলর িডধ্য িনেংখ্যা ত কারণগুপল অন্তভু থি যা অেুযতা, আঘাত বা অক্ষিতার ঝুুঁ পকর
োডে েম্পপকথত হডত িাডর থযিন বয়ে, পলঙ্গ, বববাপহক অবযা এবং আে থ
-োিাজিক অবযা, থেইোডে
আেরণ এবং িপরডবশ ত এক্সডিািার।
েিয়, যান এবং বযজি অনুোডর স্বাযয ইডভেগুপল বণ থ
না করা হল বণ থ
নািূলক িহািারীপবদ্যার কায থ
কলাি।
10. Determinants
Epidemiology is also used to search for determinants, which are the causes and other
other factors that influence the occurrence of disease and other health-related events.
events.
Epidemiologists assume that illness does not occur randomly in a population, but
happens only when the right accumulation of risk factors or determinants exists in an
in an individual.
To search for these determinants, epidemiologists use analytic epidemiology or
epidemiologic studies to provide the “Why” and “How” of such events. They assess
whether groups with different rates of disease differ in their demographic
characteristics, genetic or immunologic make-up, behaviors, environmental exposures,
or other so-called potential risk factors. Ideally, the findings provide sufficient
evidence to direct prompt and effective public health control and prevention
measures.
11. নির্ ি
ারক:
এপিডেপিওলজি পনধ্ থ
ারকডদ্র অনুেন্ধান করডতও বযবহৃত হয়, থযগুপল থরাড র েংঘিন এবং অনযানয স্বাযয-
েম্পপকথত ঘিনাগুপলডক প্রভাপবত কডর এিন কারণ এবং অনযানয কারণ।
এপিডেপিওলজিস্টরা অনুিান কডরন থয অেুযতা িনেংখ্যার িডধ্য এডলাডিডলাভাডব ঘডি না, তডব শুধ্ুিাত্র
তখ্নই ঘডি যখ্ন ঝ
ুুঁ নকর কারে বা নির্ ি
ারকগুনির সটিক সঞ্চয় একিন বযজির িডধ্য পবদ্যিান োডক।
এই পনধ্ থ
ারকগুপলর েন্ধাডনর িনয, িহািারী পবডশষজ্ঞরা এই ধ্রডনর ঘিনাগুপলর "থকন" এবং "কীভাডব" প্রদ্ান
করডত পবডেষণাত্মক িহািারীপবদ্যা বা িহািারীপবদ্যার ডবষণা বযবহার কডরন। তারা িূলযায়ন কডর থয পবপভন্ন
থরাড র হার েহ থ াষ্ঠীগুপল তাডদ্র িনেংখ্যা ত ববপশষ্টয, থিডনটিক বা ইপিউডনালজিক থিক-আি, আেরণ,
িপরডবশ ত এক্সডিািার বা অনযানয তোকপেত েম্ভাবয ঝুুঁ পকর কারণগুপলর িডধ্য আলাদ্া পকনা। আদ্শ থ
ভাডব,
ফলাফলগুপল তাৎক্ষপণক এবং কায থ
কর িনস্বাযয পনয়ন্ত্রণ এবং প্রপতডরাধ্ বযবযা েরােপর করার িনয যডেষ্ট প্রিাণ
েরবরাহ কডর।
12. Health-related states or events
Epidemiology was originally focused exclusively on epidemics of communicable diseases but
was subsequently expanded to address endemic communicable diseases and non-communicable
infectious diseases. By the middle of the 20th Century, additional epidemiologic methods had been
developed and applied to chronic diseases, injuries, birth defects, maternal-child health,
occupational health, and environmental health. Then epidemiologists began to look at
related to health and well-being, such as amount of exercise and seat belt use. Now, with the
recent explosion in molecular methods, epidemiologists can make important strides in examining
genetic markers of disease risk.
Indeed, the term health-related states or events may be seen as anything that affects the well-
being of a population. Nonetheless, many epidemiologists still use the term “disease” as shorthand
for the wide range of health-related states and events that are studied.
13. স্বাস্থ্য-সম্পনকিত িনরনস্থ্নত বা ঘটিা:
এপিডেপিওলজি িূলত েংক্রািক থরাড র িহািারীর উির একডেটিয়াভাডব দ্ৃটষ্ট পনবদ্ধ করা হডয়পেল পকন্তু
িরবতীকাডল যানীয় েংক্রািক থরা এবং অেংক্রািক েংক্রািক থরা গুপলডক থিাকাডবলা করার িনয
প্রোপরত করা হডয়পেল। 20 শতডকর িাঝািাজঝ েিডয়, অপতপরি িহািারীপবদ্যা িদ্ধপত বতপর করা হডয়পেল
এবং দ্ীঘ থ
যায়ী থরা , আঘাত, িন্ম ত তরুটি, িা-পশশু স্বাযয, থিশা ত স্বাযয এবং িপরডবশ ত স্বাডযযর িনয
প্রডয়া করা হডয়পেল। তারিডর িহািারী পবডশষজ্ঞরা স্বাযয এবং েুযতার োডে েম্পপকথত আেরণগুপল থদ্খ্ডত
শুু কডরন, থযিন বযায়াডির িপরিাণ এবং পেি থবল্ট বযবহার। এখ্ন, আণপবক িদ্ধপতডত োম্প্রপতক
অগ্র পতর োডে, এপিডেপিওলজিস্টরা থরাড র ঝুুঁ পকর থিডনটিক িাকথার িরীক্ষা করার থক্ষডত্র গুুত্বিূণ থ
অগ্র পত করডত িাডরন।
প্রক
ৃ তিডক্ষ, স্বাযয-েম্পপকথত রািয বা ঘিনা শব্দটিডক এিন পকে
ু পহোডব থদ্খ্া থযডত িাডর যা িনেংখ্যার
িঙ্গলডক প্রভাপবত কডর। তা েডেও, অডনক িহািারী পবডশষজ্ঞ এখ্নও "থরা " শব্দটিডক স্বাযয-েম্পপকথত
অবযার পবেরতৃ ত িপরের এবং অধ্যয়ন করা ঘিনাগুপলর িনয েংডক্ষডি বযবহার কডরন।
14. Specified populations
Although epidemiologists and direct health-care providers (clinicians) are both
concerned with occurrence and control of disease, they differ greatly in how they
view “the patient.” The clinician is concerned about the health of an individual; the
epidemiologist is concerned about the collective health of the people in a
community or population. In other words, the clinician’s “patient” is the individual;
the epidemiologist’s “patient” is the community. Therefore, the clinician and the
epidemiologist have different responsibilities when faced with a person with illness.
For example, when a patient with diarrheal disease presents, both are interested in
establishing the correct diagnosis. However, while the clinician usually focuses on
treating and caring for the individual, the epidemiologist focuses on identifying the
exposure or source that caused the illness; the number of other persons who may
have been similarly exposed; the potential for further spread in the community; and
interventions to prevent additional cases or recurrences.
15. নিনদিষ্ট জিসংখ্যা
যপদ্ও এপিডেপিওলজিস্ট এবং োইডরক্ট থহলে থকয়ার থপ্রাভাইোর (পেপকৎেক) উভয়ই থরাড র েংঘিন
এবং পনয়ন্ত্রণ পনডয় উপিগ্ন, তারা "থরা ীডক" কীভাডব থদ্ডখ্ন তার িডধ্য তাডদ্র িডধ্য অডনক িাে থ
কয।
পেপকতরেক একিন বযজির স্বাযয েম্পডকথ উপিগ্ন; িহািারী পবডশষজ্ঞ একটি েম্প্রদ্ায় বা িনেংখ্যার
িানুডষর েজিপলত স্বাযয েম্পডকথ উপিগ্ন। অনয কোয়, পেপকতরেডকর "থরা ী" হল বযজি; িহািারী
পবডশষডজ্ঞর "থরা ী" হল েম্প্রদ্ায়। অতএব, অেুয বযজির িুডখ্ািুপখ্ হডল পেপকতরেক এবং
এপিডেপিওলজিডস্টর আলাদ্া দ্াপয়ত্ব রডয়ডে। উদ্াহরণস্বরূি, যখ্ন োয়পরয়ািপনত থরা ীর উিপযপত হয়,
তখ্ন উভডয়ই েটিক থরা পনণ থ
য় করডত আগ্রহী হয়। যাইডহাক, যখ্ন পেপকতরেক োধ্ারণত বযজির
পেপকতরো এবং যডের পদ্ডক িডনাপনডবশ কডরন, তখ্ন িহািারী পবডশষজ্ঞ অেুযতার কারণ বা উতরে
েনািকরডণর পদ্ডক িডনাপনডবশ কডরন; অনযানয বযজিডদ্র েংখ্যা যারা একইভাডব উন্মুি হডত িাডর;
েম্প্রদ্াডয় আরও পবস্তাডরর েম্ভাবনা; এবং অপতপরি থকে বা িুনরাবৃপি প্রপতডরাধ্ করার িনয হস্তডক্ষি।
16. Application
Epidemiology is not just “the study of” health in a population; it also involves applying the
knowledge gained by the studies to community-based practice. Like the practice of medicine, the
practice of epidemiology is both a science and an art. To make the proper diagnosis and prescribe
appropriate treatment for a patient, the clinician combines medical (scientific) knowledge with
experience, clinical judgment, and understanding of the patient. Similarly, the epidemiologist uses
the scientific methods of descriptive and analytic epidemiology as well as experience, epidemiologic
judgment, and understanding of local conditions in “diagnosing” the health of a community and
proposing appropriate, practical, and acceptable public health interventions to control and prevent
disease in the community.
17. এপিডেপিওলজি থকবল িনেংখ্যার স্বাডযযর "অধ্যয়ন" নয়; এটি অধ্যয়ন িারা অজিথত জ্ঞানডক
েম্প্রদ্ায়-পভপিক অনুশীলডন প্রডয়া করাও িপডত। ওষুডধ্র অনুশীলডনর িডতা, িহািারীপবদ্যার
অনুশীলনও একটি পবজ্ঞান এবং একটি পশল্প। েটিক থরা পনণ থ
য় করডত এবং থরা ীর িনয উিযুি
পেপকতরো পনধ্ থ
ারণ করডত, পেপকতরেক পেপকৎো (ববজ্ঞাপনক) জ্ঞানডক অপভজ্ঞতা, পিপনকাল রায় এবং
থরা ীর থবাঝার োডে একজত্রত কডরন। একইভাডব, এপিডেপিওলজিস্ট বণ থ
নািূলক এবং পবডেষণাত্মক
িহািারীপবদ্যার ববজ্ঞাপনক িদ্ধপতর িাশািাপশ অপভজ্ঞতা, িহািারী েংক্রান্ত পবোর, এবং একটি
েম্প্রদ্াডয়র স্বাযয "পনণ থ
য়" করার থক্ষডত্র যানীয় অবযার থবাঝা এবং পনয়ন্ত্রণ ও প্রপতডরাডধ্র িনয
উিযুি, বযবহাপরক, এবং গ্রহণডযা য িনস্বাযয হস্তডক্ষডির প্রস্তাবনা বযবহার কডরন। েিাডি থরা ।
জিস্বাণস্থ্য এনিণেনমওিজজর প্রণয়াগ
a) থরা প্রপতডরাধ্ এবং স্বাযয উন্নীত করা
b) েম্প্রদ্ায় স্বাযয িূলযায়ন (েম্প্রদ্ায় থরা পনণ থ
য়) এবং অগ্রাপধ্কার থেটিং
c) পিপনকাল থরাড র পনণ থ
য়, পেপকতরো এবং িূব থ
াভাে উন্নত করা
d) স্বাযয হস্তডক্ষি এবং কি থ
েূেী িূলযায়ন
18. Summary
Epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, data-driven) of the
distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors)
of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified
populations (patient is community, individuals viewed collectively), and
the application of (since epidemiology is a discipline within public
health) this study to the control of health problems.