Everyone assumes adoption is in the best interest of children. Is it? In whose best interest are fraudulent birth certificates? Are there sufficient regulations and enforceable guidelines in place to eliminate corruption, commodification, exploitation, coercion and conflict of interest? How much does money play a part?
Discussion of ethical issues with a focus on payments of expenses and conflict of interest in legal counsel for relinquishing mothers within the U.S. Suggested solutions to prevent scamming of prospective adopters and coercion expectant mothers which can cause contested adoptions which are lengthy and costly for all parties.
Ensuring Ethical Practice in Child Adoption: A Guide for Legislators, Pract...Mirah Riben
Everyone assumes adoption is in the best interest of children. Is it? In whose best interest are fraudulent birth certificates? Are there sufficient regulations and enforceable guidelines in place to eliminate corruption, commodification, exploitation, coercion and conflict of interest? How much does money play a part?
Discussion of ethical issues with a focus on payments of expenses and conflict of interest in legal counsel for relinquishing mothers within the U.S. Suggested solutions to prevent scamming of prospective adopters and coercion expectant mothers which can cause contested adoptions which are lengthy and costly for all parties.
Universality of the Grief Experienced by Mothers Who Lose Children to AdoptionMirah Riben
This document summarizes a presentation about the universality of grief experienced by mothers who lose children to adoption. Some key points:
1) Mothers can experience a variety of losses including miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion, custody losses, and adoption. Adoption loss is considered "irresolvable" and "disenfranchised" as it lacks rituals and social validation.
2) Studies have found adoption causes high rates of pathological grief, PTSD, depression, and other mental health issues among birth mothers that often do not diminish over time.
3) Despite the depth of loss, adoption is uniquely encouraged and promoted through financial incentives, unlike other forms of child loss.
4) Myths
This document provides a literature review on mother-child bonding. It discusses several theories on bonding, including attachment theory proposed by Bowlby, and separation-individuation theory proposed by Mahler. It explores bonding from both an evolutionary perspective and a psychological perspective. The review also examines intrauterine bonding and communication between mother and child, and how recent research in areas like psychoneuroimmunology has furthered understanding of this bond. Finally, it introduces concepts of social constructionism and how cultural assumptions shape definitions of motherhood.
This document discusses the experiences of foster youth and alumni. It provides information on the challenges they face such as a lack of family support networks and disconnection between child and adult systems. Trauma can impact foster youth through fight or flight responses, dissociation, and hypervigilance. The document emphasizes the importance of restorative relationships, chosen families, and addressing cognitive dissonance when reconnecting with family. It also discusses how youth and the system may define permanency differently.
This document provides an overview of legal issues related to domestic violence and child custody. It discusses how custody and visitation processes can further abuse by allowing batterers to maintain control over victims. The document notes that courts must consider how domestic violence impacts custody arrangements and prioritize child safety over other goals. It also aims to dispel common myths about domestic violence, such as that it is easy for victims to leave their abusers or stop the abuse. The document contains resources on domestic violence and custody laws in different states.
The document discusses the perspective of a person who was adopted through a closed adoption as a child. It provides three examples from the document:
1) The person was adopted at 1.5 years old and their adoption records were closed, providing no medical history for themselves or their adoptive parents.
2) A story is described where a boy who was adopted in a closed adoption committed a crime, and medical testing later found he had a genetic condition his birth mother had that was not known due to the closed adoption.
3) Several articles are summarized that discuss issues closed adoptions can cause for medical history, the emotions of birth mothers, and adoptees searching for their birth families.
This study guide provides information for educators giving presentations about Gladney Center for Adoption. It includes a presentation outline, questions for discussion, a quiz, and helpful presentation tips. The guide discusses Gladney's history since 1887 and the changes in adoption practices over time, including more open adoption. It notes that while teen pregnancy rates are declining, adoption is still chosen in only 2% of teen pregnancies. The guide outlines Gladney's services for birth mothers and the process of matching with adoptive families.
This document provides an executive summary of a report by the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute regarding safeguarding the rights and well-being of birthparents in the adoption process. Some of the key findings include:
- Domestic infant adoptions number around 13,000-14,000 annually, and the profile of birthparents has changed significantly from past generations with most now being in their 20s rather than teenagers.
- Open adoption has become the norm, with over 90% of birthparents meeting prospective adoptive parents and helping to choose them. Contact and information exchange after placement helps reduce grief for most birthparents.
- Laws and practices vary greatly between states and do not always adequately protect
Ensuring Ethical Practice in Child Adoption: A Guide for Legislators, Pract...Mirah Riben
Everyone assumes adoption is in the best interest of children. Is it? In whose best interest are fraudulent birth certificates? Are there sufficient regulations and enforceable guidelines in place to eliminate corruption, commodification, exploitation, coercion and conflict of interest? How much does money play a part?
Discussion of ethical issues with a focus on payments of expenses and conflict of interest in legal counsel for relinquishing mothers within the U.S. Suggested solutions to prevent scamming of prospective adopters and coercion expectant mothers which can cause contested adoptions which are lengthy and costly for all parties.
Universality of the Grief Experienced by Mothers Who Lose Children to AdoptionMirah Riben
This document summarizes a presentation about the universality of grief experienced by mothers who lose children to adoption. Some key points:
1) Mothers can experience a variety of losses including miscarriage, stillbirth, abortion, custody losses, and adoption. Adoption loss is considered "irresolvable" and "disenfranchised" as it lacks rituals and social validation.
2) Studies have found adoption causes high rates of pathological grief, PTSD, depression, and other mental health issues among birth mothers that often do not diminish over time.
3) Despite the depth of loss, adoption is uniquely encouraged and promoted through financial incentives, unlike other forms of child loss.
4) Myths
This document provides a literature review on mother-child bonding. It discusses several theories on bonding, including attachment theory proposed by Bowlby, and separation-individuation theory proposed by Mahler. It explores bonding from both an evolutionary perspective and a psychological perspective. The review also examines intrauterine bonding and communication between mother and child, and how recent research in areas like psychoneuroimmunology has furthered understanding of this bond. Finally, it introduces concepts of social constructionism and how cultural assumptions shape definitions of motherhood.
This document discusses the experiences of foster youth and alumni. It provides information on the challenges they face such as a lack of family support networks and disconnection between child and adult systems. Trauma can impact foster youth through fight or flight responses, dissociation, and hypervigilance. The document emphasizes the importance of restorative relationships, chosen families, and addressing cognitive dissonance when reconnecting with family. It also discusses how youth and the system may define permanency differently.
This document provides an overview of legal issues related to domestic violence and child custody. It discusses how custody and visitation processes can further abuse by allowing batterers to maintain control over victims. The document notes that courts must consider how domestic violence impacts custody arrangements and prioritize child safety over other goals. It also aims to dispel common myths about domestic violence, such as that it is easy for victims to leave their abusers or stop the abuse. The document contains resources on domestic violence and custody laws in different states.
The document discusses the perspective of a person who was adopted through a closed adoption as a child. It provides three examples from the document:
1) The person was adopted at 1.5 years old and their adoption records were closed, providing no medical history for themselves or their adoptive parents.
2) A story is described where a boy who was adopted in a closed adoption committed a crime, and medical testing later found he had a genetic condition his birth mother had that was not known due to the closed adoption.
3) Several articles are summarized that discuss issues closed adoptions can cause for medical history, the emotions of birth mothers, and adoptees searching for their birth families.
This study guide provides information for educators giving presentations about Gladney Center for Adoption. It includes a presentation outline, questions for discussion, a quiz, and helpful presentation tips. The guide discusses Gladney's history since 1887 and the changes in adoption practices over time, including more open adoption. It notes that while teen pregnancy rates are declining, adoption is still chosen in only 2% of teen pregnancies. The guide outlines Gladney's services for birth mothers and the process of matching with adoptive families.
This document provides an executive summary of a report by the Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute regarding safeguarding the rights and well-being of birthparents in the adoption process. Some of the key findings include:
- Domestic infant adoptions number around 13,000-14,000 annually, and the profile of birthparents has changed significantly from past generations with most now being in their 20s rather than teenagers.
- Open adoption has become the norm, with over 90% of birthparents meeting prospective adoptive parents and helping to choose them. Contact and information exchange after placement helps reduce grief for most birthparents.
- Laws and practices vary greatly between states and do not always adequately protect
This document provides guidance for child protective services staff on protecting children with disabilities from abuse and neglect. It finds that children with disabilities are at significantly higher risk of maltreatment than non-disabled children, being 2-6 times more likely to experience various forms of abuse. Specific risk factors are outlined for both the child and family. Signs and symptoms of abuse in children with disabilities are also described. The document stresses the need for coordinated prevention efforts, especially services supporting families of children with disabilities.
The document defines various types of child maltreatment including physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Physical abuse is defined as intentional physical force or injury to a child. Neglect is defined as the failure to provide for a child's basic needs. Sexual abuse includes sexual acts with a child or using a child for pornography. Emotional abuse impairs a child's emotional development through rejection, criticism or other behaviors. The majority of maltreatment cases involve neglect, specifically failure to provide necessities like food, clothing and shelter. Educational neglect involves failure to enroll a child in school.
Protecting children with disabilities from sexual assault. a parents guideModell Consulting Group
MCG focuses on educating professionals from multidisciplinary teams on every aspect of an investigation and giving team members skills to effectively interview training, investigate, and prosecute crimes against individuals with disabilities.
This is a preliminary report on the abuse and neglect of persons in residential treatment for “substance abuse” in the U.S.A. There have been violations of human rights, lack of investigation, prosecution and punishment of the offenders. This prevailing permissive environment has given de jure or de facto amnesty to those who violate human rights. Starting in the 1970’s there were residential treatment facilities for teens that were found to be abusive. The SEED, Straight Inc. and its derivatives, Roloff Homes, WWASPS and, more recently, Teen Challenge were adjudicated “guilty” of human rights abuses. This report explores the ways these perpetrators of abuse have used the political system to protect themselves and exploit loopholes in the law to expand their network of abusive residential treatment facilities for youth.
A law enforcement guide for working with individuals with autism and iddModell Consulting Group
This document provides law enforcement with guidance on communicating effectively with individuals who have autism, intellectual disabilities, or communication disabilities. It begins by emphasizing the importance of person-first language. It then provides statistics showing these individuals are at high risk for abuse and violence. The document discusses characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, communication disabilities, and intellectual disabilities. It provides tips for understanding each disability and improving communication. The goal is to help law enforcement identify abuse, get accurate information from victims, and address the needs of this vulnerable population.
This document discusses statistics on child abuse, including emotional abuse, in the United States, England, Canada, and Ontario. It provides statistics showing that over half of children in the US were victims of neglect or emotional neglect, and over 40% were victims of emotional or physical abuse. It defines emotional abuse and lists common signs and symptoms. The document also discusses causes of emotional abuse, prevention strategies, and myths and facts about child abuse. Resources for help with child abuse are provided.
How to find missing children, vulnerable groups and managing themHamza Waheed
This document outlines guidelines and policies for protecting vulnerable groups, especially missing children, after disasters in Pakistan. It discusses the impacts of disasters on vulnerable groups like women, children, elderly and disabled people. It provides standard operating procedures for identifying and caring for missing and unaccompanied children, including interim care, family tracing and reunification. The document also describes Pakistan's National Disaster Management Authority's Gender and Child Cell policies for integrating the needs of vulnerable groups into disaster response plans and rebuilding efforts at all levels of government.
Juvenile detention centers in the US are incarcerating children as young as 9 for minor offenses, where they face abuse, neglect, and torture from staff. Being incarcerated, even briefly, can have long-lasting harmful effects on children by negatively impacting their development and increasing the likelihood of future criminal behavior. Reform is needed to protect vulnerable youth and avoid inflicting further harm through the juvenile justice system.
This document discusses issues faced by sexual minority youth and provides guidance for parents on how to support their LGBTQ children. It notes that parental acceptance positively impacts well-being, and that most youth keep their identity secret for around two years due to fears like feeling scared, confused, or vulnerable. The document also addresses challenges LGBTQ youth face in schools like harassment and lack of protections, and provides resources to help advocate for youth and make schools safer and more supportive environments.
Domestic violence can have lasting negative impacts on children that were exposed to it. Witnessing abuse as a child can shape behaviors by teaching children to keep family secrets, get what they want through aggression and manipulation, and that love means getting hurt. Many of these children struggle with criminal behavior as adolescents and adults due to not having a stable home environment or parental guidance. Research shows that 68% of incarcerated adult males reported some form of childhood abuse or neglect. Breaking the cycle of domestic violence is important to prevent its harmful effects from persisting across generations.
The document summarizes key findings from a report on the effects of parental incarceration on children in Pennsylvania. It notes that over 95,000 children in the state have an incarcerated parent. The report examines the trauma experienced by these children, including emotional distress, instability in caregiving, and in some cases neglect. It provides recommendations such as modifying arrest procedures, educating officials, and increasing support for affected children.
The document discusses the impact of neglect on children. Neglect can have long-lasting detrimental effects on a child's ability to form relationships and their mental health. Children who experience neglect may exhibit behaviors like aggression, depression, low self-esteem, substance abuse and anxiety. They also have difficulty maintaining relationships as adults and are more likely to engage in behaviors like divorce. Recognizing and addressing neglect is important to help heal children who have experienced this form of abuse.
- Raising children alone without the support of a partner can be emotionally and financially challenging. Solo parents may struggle with grief over loss of a spouse, balancing nurturing children with providing alone, and facing social stigma.
- Economic concerns are a major stress for many solo parents. Juggling multiple jobs and financial responsibilities alone can multiply stress levels.
- As family systems, changes affecting one member ripple through the whole family. The stress of solo parenting impacts children and other family members. Support networks are critical for solo families to manage challenges.
What if the next big disruptor isn’t a what but a who?WiseKnow Thailand
This document discusses the characteristics of Generation Z (Gen Z), those born after 1997. It begins by contrasting Gen Z with Millennials and how they were shaped by different world events and parenting styles. Gen Z grew up in a world with constant threats of violence and bullying but also increasing tolerance. They have always had access to technology and the internet. As a result, Gen Z is self-aware, self-reliant, innovative, and entrepreneurial. They are less loyal to brands and retailers than prior generations. The document explores the implications of these characteristics for businesses hoping to connect with Gen Z consumers.
The document summarizes findings from ChildLine about issues children and young people discussed related to family relationship problems. Some key points:
- In 2006/07, over 43,000 children and young people spoke to ChildLine about family relationship problems, making it the most commonly discussed issue.
- The most common specific problem was conflict between children and their parents, with over 4,000 children discussing this. Many described serious arguments and some reported physical or emotional abuse.
- Relationship issues after parents' separations or divorces were also common. Children expressed feeling confused and worried it was their fault.
- Around 400 children were worried about conflict between their parents, sometimes witnessing domestic violence.
This document summarizes factors that constrain the reproductive rights and freedoms of disabled women. It discusses how disabled women have been viewed as asexual by society. As a result, they often lack access to reproductive healthcare, sexuality education, and contraception. Additionally, there is social resistance to disabled women having and raising children, putting them at risk of coerced sterilization, abortion, or loss of child custody. While reproductive rights are centered on preventing unwanted pregnancy for non-disabled women, disabled women also seek the right to bear children if desired.
The document discusses defining ethics in domestic and global adoption practices. It outlines some key principles of ethical adoption such as ensuring the best interests of the child, avoiding coercion of biological parents, maintaining transparency around fees and costs, eliminating conflicts of interest, and providing impartial counseling to all parties. The document also notes there is a lack of cohesive understanding and enforcement of ethical standards in the adoption field.
This document discusses transracial adoption and some of the issues involved. It notes that while adoption can help children find loving homes, transracial adoption may negatively impact a child's racial identity and cultural connection. The document presents arguments against transracial adoption, such as children experiencing identity crises or isolation from their own culture. It also discusses the importance of adoptive parents educating themselves and supporting their children's cultural needs.
This document provides guidance for child protective services staff on protecting children with disabilities from abuse and neglect. It finds that children with disabilities are at significantly higher risk of maltreatment than non-disabled children, being 2-6 times more likely to experience various forms of abuse. Specific risk factors are outlined for both the child and family. Signs and symptoms of abuse in children with disabilities are also described. The document stresses the need for coordinated prevention efforts, especially services supporting families of children with disabilities.
The document defines various types of child maltreatment including physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Physical abuse is defined as intentional physical force or injury to a child. Neglect is defined as the failure to provide for a child's basic needs. Sexual abuse includes sexual acts with a child or using a child for pornography. Emotional abuse impairs a child's emotional development through rejection, criticism or other behaviors. The majority of maltreatment cases involve neglect, specifically failure to provide necessities like food, clothing and shelter. Educational neglect involves failure to enroll a child in school.
Protecting children with disabilities from sexual assault. a parents guideModell Consulting Group
MCG focuses on educating professionals from multidisciplinary teams on every aspect of an investigation and giving team members skills to effectively interview training, investigate, and prosecute crimes against individuals with disabilities.
This is a preliminary report on the abuse and neglect of persons in residential treatment for “substance abuse” in the U.S.A. There have been violations of human rights, lack of investigation, prosecution and punishment of the offenders. This prevailing permissive environment has given de jure or de facto amnesty to those who violate human rights. Starting in the 1970’s there were residential treatment facilities for teens that were found to be abusive. The SEED, Straight Inc. and its derivatives, Roloff Homes, WWASPS and, more recently, Teen Challenge were adjudicated “guilty” of human rights abuses. This report explores the ways these perpetrators of abuse have used the political system to protect themselves and exploit loopholes in the law to expand their network of abusive residential treatment facilities for youth.
A law enforcement guide for working with individuals with autism and iddModell Consulting Group
This document provides law enforcement with guidance on communicating effectively with individuals who have autism, intellectual disabilities, or communication disabilities. It begins by emphasizing the importance of person-first language. It then provides statistics showing these individuals are at high risk for abuse and violence. The document discusses characteristics of autism spectrum disorder, communication disabilities, and intellectual disabilities. It provides tips for understanding each disability and improving communication. The goal is to help law enforcement identify abuse, get accurate information from victims, and address the needs of this vulnerable population.
This document discusses statistics on child abuse, including emotional abuse, in the United States, England, Canada, and Ontario. It provides statistics showing that over half of children in the US were victims of neglect or emotional neglect, and over 40% were victims of emotional or physical abuse. It defines emotional abuse and lists common signs and symptoms. The document also discusses causes of emotional abuse, prevention strategies, and myths and facts about child abuse. Resources for help with child abuse are provided.
How to find missing children, vulnerable groups and managing themHamza Waheed
This document outlines guidelines and policies for protecting vulnerable groups, especially missing children, after disasters in Pakistan. It discusses the impacts of disasters on vulnerable groups like women, children, elderly and disabled people. It provides standard operating procedures for identifying and caring for missing and unaccompanied children, including interim care, family tracing and reunification. The document also describes Pakistan's National Disaster Management Authority's Gender and Child Cell policies for integrating the needs of vulnerable groups into disaster response plans and rebuilding efforts at all levels of government.
Juvenile detention centers in the US are incarcerating children as young as 9 for minor offenses, where they face abuse, neglect, and torture from staff. Being incarcerated, even briefly, can have long-lasting harmful effects on children by negatively impacting their development and increasing the likelihood of future criminal behavior. Reform is needed to protect vulnerable youth and avoid inflicting further harm through the juvenile justice system.
This document discusses issues faced by sexual minority youth and provides guidance for parents on how to support their LGBTQ children. It notes that parental acceptance positively impacts well-being, and that most youth keep their identity secret for around two years due to fears like feeling scared, confused, or vulnerable. The document also addresses challenges LGBTQ youth face in schools like harassment and lack of protections, and provides resources to help advocate for youth and make schools safer and more supportive environments.
Domestic violence can have lasting negative impacts on children that were exposed to it. Witnessing abuse as a child can shape behaviors by teaching children to keep family secrets, get what they want through aggression and manipulation, and that love means getting hurt. Many of these children struggle with criminal behavior as adolescents and adults due to not having a stable home environment or parental guidance. Research shows that 68% of incarcerated adult males reported some form of childhood abuse or neglect. Breaking the cycle of domestic violence is important to prevent its harmful effects from persisting across generations.
The document summarizes key findings from a report on the effects of parental incarceration on children in Pennsylvania. It notes that over 95,000 children in the state have an incarcerated parent. The report examines the trauma experienced by these children, including emotional distress, instability in caregiving, and in some cases neglect. It provides recommendations such as modifying arrest procedures, educating officials, and increasing support for affected children.
The document discusses the impact of neglect on children. Neglect can have long-lasting detrimental effects on a child's ability to form relationships and their mental health. Children who experience neglect may exhibit behaviors like aggression, depression, low self-esteem, substance abuse and anxiety. They also have difficulty maintaining relationships as adults and are more likely to engage in behaviors like divorce. Recognizing and addressing neglect is important to help heal children who have experienced this form of abuse.
- Raising children alone without the support of a partner can be emotionally and financially challenging. Solo parents may struggle with grief over loss of a spouse, balancing nurturing children with providing alone, and facing social stigma.
- Economic concerns are a major stress for many solo parents. Juggling multiple jobs and financial responsibilities alone can multiply stress levels.
- As family systems, changes affecting one member ripple through the whole family. The stress of solo parenting impacts children and other family members. Support networks are critical for solo families to manage challenges.
What if the next big disruptor isn’t a what but a who?WiseKnow Thailand
This document discusses the characteristics of Generation Z (Gen Z), those born after 1997. It begins by contrasting Gen Z with Millennials and how they were shaped by different world events and parenting styles. Gen Z grew up in a world with constant threats of violence and bullying but also increasing tolerance. They have always had access to technology and the internet. As a result, Gen Z is self-aware, self-reliant, innovative, and entrepreneurial. They are less loyal to brands and retailers than prior generations. The document explores the implications of these characteristics for businesses hoping to connect with Gen Z consumers.
The document summarizes findings from ChildLine about issues children and young people discussed related to family relationship problems. Some key points:
- In 2006/07, over 43,000 children and young people spoke to ChildLine about family relationship problems, making it the most commonly discussed issue.
- The most common specific problem was conflict between children and their parents, with over 4,000 children discussing this. Many described serious arguments and some reported physical or emotional abuse.
- Relationship issues after parents' separations or divorces were also common. Children expressed feeling confused and worried it was their fault.
- Around 400 children were worried about conflict between their parents, sometimes witnessing domestic violence.
This document summarizes factors that constrain the reproductive rights and freedoms of disabled women. It discusses how disabled women have been viewed as asexual by society. As a result, they often lack access to reproductive healthcare, sexuality education, and contraception. Additionally, there is social resistance to disabled women having and raising children, putting them at risk of coerced sterilization, abortion, or loss of child custody. While reproductive rights are centered on preventing unwanted pregnancy for non-disabled women, disabled women also seek the right to bear children if desired.
The document discusses defining ethics in domestic and global adoption practices. It outlines some key principles of ethical adoption such as ensuring the best interests of the child, avoiding coercion of biological parents, maintaining transparency around fees and costs, eliminating conflicts of interest, and providing impartial counseling to all parties. The document also notes there is a lack of cohesive understanding and enforcement of ethical standards in the adoption field.
This document discusses transracial adoption and some of the issues involved. It notes that while adoption can help children find loving homes, transracial adoption may negatively impact a child's racial identity and cultural connection. The document presents arguments against transracial adoption, such as children experiencing identity crises or isolation from their own culture. It also discusses the importance of adoptive parents educating themselves and supporting their children's cultural needs.
Every Child Doesn't Have Rights & Other Children's Rights Issues.David Stonehouse
The document discusses children's rights issues and provides context around key legislation and frameworks related to children's rights in the UK, including:
1) The Children Act 1989 which is influenced by the Cleveland Inquiry and aims to better protect children's welfare, with principles of the child's welfare being paramount, parental responsibility, partnership between families and professionals, and child participation.
2) The Children Act 2004 which provides the legislative framework to improve children's lives through universal services and integrated planning of children's services based on the five key outcomes of the Every Child Matters agenda.
3) The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child which was adopted in 1989 to advocate for children's rights and has been ratified
This document discusses how early stage mediation can help ensure access to dispute resolution for fragile families. It begins by defining fragile families as unmarried parents and their children born out of wedlock. It then discusses four themes from a task force on how to design an ADR system that effectively addresses diversity: better understanding diverse end users; supporting diversity among ADR providers; increasing cultural competence of providers; and increasing community access to ADR tailored to diverse needs. The document calls for actions to apply these themes to ensure fragile families can access and benefit from early stage mediation.
CGRS and Kids in Need of Defense (KIND) have collaborated to produce an important report urging lawmakers to reform the U.S. immigration system for migrant children who are coming to our borders with surging frequency. They come, often unaccompanied by an adult, in search of safety, stability, and protection. These children face a system that was created for adults, does not provide them legal counsel, and is not required to consider the child’s best interests, despite the potentially enormous impact of the proceedings on the child’s life and future.
What’s Involved with Aging-Out of the Foster Care System? The Big Picture: Tr...Elizabeth E. Brait
This document provides an overview of the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA) of 1997 and how it affects permanency planning for teenagers in foster care. ASFA prioritizes child safety and requires expedited timelines for permanency hearings and termination of parental rights proceedings. It recognizes adoption, kinship care, and subsidized permanent legal custody as permanency options. However, long-term foster care is supposed to be temporary under ASFA. Research shows many youths who age out of foster care face negative outcomes. Barriers to permanency for teenagers include prioritizing it less due to their development stage, and using sequential rather than concurrent case management.
This document discusses the history of child protection efforts in the United States, beginning with the establishment of the first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children in 1874 in response to the high-profile case of Mary Ellen Wilson. It then discusses the creation of the federal Children's Bureau in 1912, which recognized the federal government's role in child welfare. The document notes that private child protection charities struggled during the Great Depression, increasing calls for greater government involvement in child protection and social services.
The document discusses Native American children in 1968 who were frequently removed from their homes by local welfare workers and placed in foster care or adopted by non-Native families without consulting the Native American community or tribal officials. This removal of children amounted to cultural genocide and led to the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 to protect Native American children and ensure they are placed in environments reflecting their culture.
This document discusses the history of adoptee rights in Texas and the Gladney Center's opposition to restoring those rights. It summarizes that:
1) The Gladney Center historically advocated for adoption but began fighting against restoring access to birth records for adult adoptees in 1973 and establishing a national organization to oppose a model act granting those rights.
2) In the 2000s, the Gladney Center was increasingly isolated as the only agency opposing legislation granting adoptees equal rights and access to their original birth certificates.
3) Several leading national adoption organizations are now listed that support adoptee rights and access to records, in contrast to the Gladney Center's continuing opposition to such legislation.
This social policy research paper focuses on Child Welfare In the United States. The in the paper, the author gives a thorough history of the Child Welfare System as we know it. Trends and impacts on vulnerable populations within our society is also discussed.
This document provides a summary of the history of adoption policies in Honduras, Mexico, and the United States. It discusses how adoption has been defined over time by various organizations and governments. Intercountry adoption grew in the mid-20th century due to events like WWII, and this led to a need for international legal standards. Key policies and conventions discussed include the Hague Adoption Convention, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, and US adoption laws. The document outlines the evolving definitions and policies around adoption over time in order to understand the current state of intercountry adoption between these countries.
This document discusses international perspectives on child sexual abuse from a workshop hosted by the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN). It covers several key topics:
1) ISPCAN is a non-governmental organization working to prevent child abuse globally. The workshop brought together professionals from 19 countries to discuss high-level clinical and policy approaches to child sexual abuse.
2) Child sexual abuse occurs in all cultures and societies. While definitions vary, there is universal agreement that certain sexual acts harm children's development. Collecting accurate data on prevalence is important to inform responses.
3) Prevention, identification and treatment approaches need to be evidence-based, culturally appropriate, and evaluated
Similar to Ensuring Ethical Practice in Child Adoption: A Guide for Legislators, Practitioners and Consumers of Adoption Services (14)
Receivership and liquidation Accounts
Being a Paper Presented at Business Recovery and Insolvency Practitioners Association of Nigeria (BRIPAN) on Friday, August 18, 2023.
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
Guide on the use of Artificial Intelligence-based tools by lawyers and law fi...Massimo Talia
This guide aims to provide information on how lawyers will be able to use the opportunities provided by AI tools and how such tools could help the business processes of small firms. Its objective is to provide lawyers with some background to understand what they can and cannot realistically expect from these products. This guide aims to give a reference point for small law practices in the EU
against which they can evaluate those classes of AI applications that are probably the most relevant for them.
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Frameworkdevaki57
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Lifting the Corporate Veil. Power Point Presentationseri bangash
"Lifting the Corporate Veil" is a legal concept that refers to the judicial act of disregarding the separate legal personality of a corporation or limited liability company (LLC). Normally, a corporation is considered a legal entity separate from its shareholders or members, meaning that the personal assets of shareholders or members are protected from the liabilities of the corporation. However, there are certain situations where courts may decide to "pierce" or "lift" the corporate veil, holding shareholders or members personally liable for the debts or actions of the corporation.
Here are some common scenarios in which courts might lift the corporate veil:
Fraud or Illegality: If shareholders or members use the corporate structure to perpetrate fraud, evade legal obligations, or engage in illegal activities, courts may disregard the corporate entity and hold those individuals personally liable.
Undercapitalization: If a corporation is formed with insufficient capital to conduct its intended business and meet its foreseeable liabilities, and this lack of capitalization results in harm to creditors or other parties, courts may lift the corporate veil to hold shareholders or members liable.
Failure to Observe Corporate Formalities: Corporations and LLCs are required to observe certain formalities, such as holding regular meetings, maintaining separate financial records, and avoiding commingling of personal and corporate assets. If these formalities are not observed and the corporate structure is used as a mere façade, courts may disregard the corporate entity.
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Group Enterprises: In some cases, where multiple corporations are closely related or form part of a single economic unit, courts may pierce the corporate veil to achieve equity, particularly if one corporation's actions harm creditors or other stakeholders and the corporate structure is being used to shield culpable parties from liability.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
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The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdf
Ensuring Ethical Practice in Child Adoption: A Guide for Legislators, Practitioners and Consumers of Adoption Services
1. Ensuring Ethical Practice
in Child Adoption:
A Guide for Legislators, Practitioners and
Consumers of Adoption Services
Mirah Riben
Revised and updated for
The Evolution of Adoption Practice:
Activist and Community Perspectives,
Adoption Initiative Biennial Conference 2020/2022,
St. John's University in Collaboration with Montclair State University
2. Earlier versions presented by Mirah Riben at:
Adoption Ethics and Accountability, Evan B.
Donaldson Adoption Institute and Ethica, Inc.,
Arlington, Va., 2007
Adoption Law Institute, Adoption Law Institute, PLI
New York Center, NY, 2009
Open Arms, Open Minds: The Ethics of Adoption In
The 21st Century Conference, St. Johns University,
NY, 2010
Defining Ethics in Domestic and Global Adoption
Practice, Open Arms, Open Minds; The ethics of
Adoption in the 21sr Century, 2010
3. Mirah Riben has been
researching adoption
since 1980.
She is author of two
books and more
than two hundred
fifty articles.
Her works are cited in more
than eighty books, professional
journals, articles, and theses.
4.
5. “It is imperative that
professionals working in adoption
act ethically to ensure the rights
of all the involved parties at all
points in the process.”1 1
Child Welfare Information Gateway
ChildWelfare.gov
6. Maureen Hogan, Executive Director, National Adoption
Foundation in Pertman, Adoption Nation: How The Adoption
Revolution Is Transforming America 193 (2000).
“People assume that adoption is a
benevolent, philanthropic response to
the needs of orphans,
but it’s not always.
In some ways, it’s just another giant
industry in which people see a way to
get rich.”
7. Is the purpose of adoption
to find homes for children
in need or to fill a demand
for babies?
8. * Article 7, U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child; Troxel v. Granville, 530
U.S. 57 (2000); Meyer v. Nebraska, (1923); Pierce v. Society of Sisters, (1925),
Prince v. Massachusetts, (1944); Stanley v. Illinois, (1972); Wisconsin v. Yoder,
(1972) ; Quilloin v. Walcott, (1978) ; Parham v. J. R., (1979); Santosky v.
Kramer, (1982)
9. In order to protect all of the
parties to adoption, including
disenfranchised minors, the indigent
and vulnerable . . .
the following changes in practice
must be established and enforced:
10. EVERY ADOPTION
Domestic, Transnational, Private,
Step-Parent, Independent and State:
Must ensure there is no coercion, pressure
or exploitation of poverty, age, illiteracy,
language, or misunderstanding of the
permanency of adoption.
Must ensure the best interests of the child
are primary by appointing a guardian ad
litem to represent the child and their best
interest.
11. 1. Claims of orphan status must be verified via
proof of death of both parents.
2. Claims of abandonment must be verified.
3. All efforts must be made to locate extended
family members and they must be provided
resources needed to care for their kin.
4. All efforts must be made to find in-country
placements. Out-of-country placements
should be a last resort.
5. Out of country adopters must be made
aware they need to file for the citizenship of
adopted children to avoid deportation.
Transnational Adoptions:
13. Elizabeth Samuels, Time To Decide? The Laws Governing Mothers’
Consents To The Adoption of Their Newborn Infants. 2005, Tenn. Law
Review.
“Infant adoptions in the United States are
arranged primarily by private agencies and
independent facilitators . . . characterized by
high fees, demand for children that outstrips
available supply, and marketing aimed both
at prospective adopters and pregnant women
who might consider placing their infants for
adoption . . .”
14.
15. Realtors must complete ethics training and
are bound by an eleven-page National
Realtor Code of Ethics and Standards.
Businesses from restaurants to nail salons
are bound by codes and regulations
to protect the clientele they serve.
They are regulated, subject to inspections,
and can be closed for violations.
16. Yet anyone, with no legal or social
work education, training, or
certification can arrange adoptions
with no oversight and no enforceable
code of ethics.
17. Is the permanent transfer of child
custody less important than the
transfer of real estate?
Who will create ethical standards of
decency and protection in adoption
practice?
Who will enforce them?
18. Every adoption in America
– including step-parent adoptions –
eradicates the adoptee’s truth of birth
and heredity by sealing the original
birth certificate and issuing a
fraudulent certificate “of birth”
that claims the adoptee was born to
biological strangers.
19. ALL states* either deny adult
adoptees access to their original,
authentic vital records or have
restrictions to access - such as
disclosure vetoes - that do not apply
to non-adoptees.
*FOR STATE LAWS SEE:
https://americanadoptioncongress.org/state.php
http://bastards.org/state-adoption-disclosure-laws-at-a-glance/
20. How is it ethical
for states to commit fraud?
How is it in the adoptees’ best
interest to put their health and that
of their offspring at risk by not
knowing their genetic truth and
medical history in a day and age
when openness and honesty in
adoption is encouraged?
In whose best interest is it?
22. “Adoption experts concur that
we need to transform...adoption...
into a social service in which payments
by adoptive parents play no part.”
Elizabeth Samuels, Time To Decide? The Laws Governing Mothers’
Consents To The Adoption of Their Newborn Infants. 2005,
Tenn. Law Review., 509:
23. The prospective adopter “is . . . the
primary, if not exclusive
‘client’ because he or she
is paying the fee for the services.”
Madelyn Freundlich, director of the Policy Dept. of Children’s
Rights, a national advocacy organization for children in government
custody, quoted in “Time to Decide” by Elizabeth Samuels:
24. Fees for legal representation of
BOTH relinquishing
and adopting parties
are routinely paid by those
planning to adopt.
This constitutes dual representation of
parties who have separate, and
potentially conflicting, interests.
25. “The research on ethics in adoption
shows that adoption,
more than any other human service,
is rife with conflict of interest . . .”
L. Anne Babb, author, Ethics in American Adoption (1999)
26. “To what extent do prospective
adoptive parents’ expenditures to
cover a birth mother’s medical . . .
or other living expenses create a
sense of indebtedness that may
affect her decision-making?”
(continued)
Madelyn Freundlich, MSW, MPH, JD, LL.M, author and
independent child welfare consultant in New York City:
27. “Does a birth mother ultimately
‘owe’ it to the prospective
adoptive parents to follow
through on an adoption because
a good deal of money has been
expended . . . ?”
28. Dual representation violates the ABA
Rules of Professional Conduct
Attorneys are put in a bind when prospective
adopters, their attorney, facilitator, or
adoption agencies, who have a stake in the
completion of the adoption, recommend,
suggest, or pay attorney fees to represent
the relinquishing parent(s).
29. American Bar Association Rule 1.7:
Conflict of Interest:
(a) a lawyer shall not represent a client if the representation
involves a concurrent conflict of interest. A concurrent conflict
of interest exists if:
(1) the representation of one client will be directly adverse to
another client; or
(2) there is a significant risk that the representation of one or more clients
will be materially limited by the lawyer's responsibilities to another client, a
former client or a third person or by a personal interest of the lawyer.
(b) Notwithstanding the existence of a concurrent conflict of interest under
paragraph (a), a lawyer may represent a client if:
(1) the lawyer reasonably believes that the lawyer will be able to provide
competent and diligent representation to each affected client;
(2) the representation is not prohibited by law;
(3) the representation does not involve the assertion of a claim by one client
against another client represented by the lawyer in the same litigation or
other proceeding before a tribunal; and
(4) each affected client gives informed consent, confirmed in writing.
30. “This practice of dual
representation raises acute
ethical and practical concerns.”
Susan Smith, “Safeguarding The Rights and Well Being of
Birthparents In The Adoption Process,” The Evan B. Donaldson
Adoption Institute report 2006:
31. “The adoption field itself
remains such a legal gray area
that it tests the ethical limits of
the attorneys who specialize in
it.”
New York Law Journal 11/11/09
https://www.law.com/almID/1202435338397/
32. “Professionals have yet to develop
uniform ethical standards in adoption
or to make meaningful attempts to
monitor their own profession.”
L. Anne Babb, author, Ethics in American Adoption (1999)
34. 1. Ensure there is no coercion, pressure or
exploitation of poverty, age, illiteracy,
language, or misunderstanding of the
permanency of adoption.
2. No expectant mother moved out of state
for the purpose of adoption.
3. No expectant mother encouraged to
conceal the father’s identity. Efforts must be
made to locate father for consent.
35. 4. NO PUTATIVE FATHER
REGISTRIES
Because it is in the child’s best interest to
know who their father is,
DNA test results should be sufficient to
establish paternity.
36. 5. Judges must ensure that relinquishing
parents are aware that adoption does not
guarantee a “better life”.
Adoptive parents die, divorce, go bankrupt,
terminate adoptions, abandon, rehome,2
abuse3 and have killed children in their care.
Adopted children have been burnt, starved,
and caged by those entrusted with their
care.
39. • The trauma caused by
maternal-child separation
that can result in permanent
neurologic damage4 to the
child as well as feelings of
abandonment/rejection, and
• Lifelong unresolvable grief
suffered by mothers who
relinquish
6. There needs to be judicial verification of
full disclosure to both relinquishing and
adopting parents of:
40. 7. Full disclosure, verified by a
judge, that both relinquishing and
adopting parents are aware
that adoptees of all ages
– even those adopted at birth–
are over-represented in
mental health and substance
abuse treatment facilities5,6,7
and have a four times higher
rate of attempted suicide
than non-adoptees.8
41. 8. NO PRE-BIRTH CONSENTS
After initial meeting, no contact between
expectant mothers and prospective adopters
until after the birth, relinquishment, and
revocation period to eliminate feelings of
indebtedness, obligation, or pressure which
can be interpreted as coercion, and can thus
cause a contested adoption.
This would also eliminate false hope and
expectations for prospective adopters.
42. PRE-BIRTH CONSENT to ADOPTION in ALABAMA
When Consent Can Be Executed for Adoption in Alabama:
Citation: Ala. Code § 26-10A-13
(a) A consent or relinquishment may be taken at any time, except that
once signed or confirmed, it may be withdrawn within 5 days after birth
or within 5 days after signing of the consent or relinquishment,
whichever comes last.
(b) Consent or relinquishment can be withdrawn if the court finds that the
withdrawal is reasonable under the circumstances and consistent with
the best interest of the child within 14 days after the birth of the child or
within 14 days after signing of the consent or relinquishment, whichever
comes last.
(c) All consents or relinquishments required by this act shall be filed with
the court in which the petition for adoption is pending before the final
decree of adoption is entered
43. 9. All states should mandate a minimum of
two weeks post-birth with postpartum
mothers encouraged to see, hold and
breastfeed their babies before
relinquishment or placement. (It’s considered
inhumane to separate puppies and kittens
prior to four weeks.)
10. Standard practice in all states should
include a thirty-day revocation period after
relinquishment is signed with liberal and
unrestricted visitation.
44. 11. In order to eliminate even the
appearance of exploitation or
coercion, expenses should NEVER be
allowed to be paid or offered as a
gift directly from prospective
adopters to expectant mothers.
Housing and medical bills paid by
Medicaid and WIC.
Any additional expenses paid from a
state pool.
45.
46. Guardian ad litem for the infant or child;
and
Impartial third-party option and resource
counseling for parents considering
relinquishment with an emphasis on
finding mother/child foster care and/or
family-centric substance abuse
treatment if needed; and
Legal representation provided by neutral
third party for every relinquishing
parent.
47. 13. Until all states set up a pool for
expenses, prospective adopters must be
made aware that any hint, suggestion or
implication of repayment of expenses paid
to expectant moms if they do not proceed
with adoption, can be adjudged coercion
and result in a contested or revoked
adoption, and risk of criminal charges for
extortion and/or attempted baby buying.
48. 14. Judges must verify “open adoption” is
explained clearly, thoroughly and in detail,
and relinquishing parents are made aware
that:
They are relinquishing ALL parental
rights, and that
There is no enforcement of any post
adoption contact agreements.
49. Do we not need a federal agency to
oversee state adoption laws?
Why is the only involvement of our federal
government in adoption,
to provide a federal tax credit to adopters . . .
A tax credit that was intended to encourage
the adoption of children in state care but is
now used for infant and transnational
adoptions which need no encouragement?
50.
51. Legislators, Practitioners and
Consumers of Adoption
Services:
MUST speak up and DEMAND
accountability.
Silence is duplicity or complicity.
INNOCENT CHILDREN DESERVE NO LESS.
52. This slide show, with all notes, reference
and resources is available at:
https://www.slideshare.net/MirahRib
enAuthor/
https://mirahriben.blogspot.com
Presentation Tab
Or contact:
MirahMirah@Gmail.com
53. END NOTES:
1. (Slide # 5 ) Child Welfare, Ethical Issues in Adoption. https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/adoption/adopt-ethics/
2. (Slide # 36) Americans use the Internet to Abandon Children Adopted from Overseas
https://www.reuters.com/investigates/adoption/#article/part1
3. (Slides # 37-38) The seven news articles that depicted abuse by adoptive parents all appeared in approximately a 30-
day period between mid-February and mid-March of 2022 while I was preparing this presentation.
2/7/22: The founder of an international adoption agency in Ohio has pleaded guilty to her role in the fraudulent
adoption of a Polish child who was later abused in Texas, officials say. Margaret Cole, 74, of Strongsville, Ohio,
admitted to conspiring with agency employee Debra Parris, 69, and others in transferring the child to people
ineligible for intercountry adoption, according to a news release from the Department of Justice. Without
completing a home study or criminal background check, the agency helped oversee the transfer of custody. in
August, the child was taken to a children’s hospital in Fort Worth with “significant injuries in several areas.”
https://www.star-telegram.com/news/nation-world/national/article258133453.html
2/10/22: Tracy and Timothy Ferriter, both 46, of Jupiter, FL, were charged with aggravated child abuse and false
imprisonment of a 14-year-old son since 2017. He was forced to live in a locked structure in the garage.
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/florida-couple-forced-adopted-son-14-live-locked-box-structure-garage-
rcna15676
2/24/22: Kimberly Deaton of Northern KY was arrested when her adopted son had large amounts of swelling and
cuts on his face as well as severe bruising all over his back and was allegedly hit in the face with a baseball
bat. https://www.fox19.com/2022/02/24/police-adopted-boy-beaten-with-baseball-bat-suffered-prolonged-abuse-
nky-parents/
54. 2/25/22: Kimberly Monique Smith, 37, of Rural Hall NC accused of physically abusing and then killing her
5-year-old adopted son. The death penalty is being perused. https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-
and-courts/death-penalty-pursued-against-rural-hall-woman-accused-of-killing-her-5-year-old-
adopted/article_7f28661c-966a-11ec-ac52-e75be26cfff8.html
3/4/2: Orrin and Orson West of California couple told police their 2 adopted sons went missing in 2020.
There were subsequently charged with murder of the 4 and 3 year old adopted boys.
https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/03/04/california-missing-boys-orrin-orson-
west/9359509002/
3/15/22: Corrigan Clay, 43, American pastor who moved to Haiti and adopted two Haitian orphans and
opened an evangelical pre-school is now facing U.S. charges for “engaging in illicit sexual conduct” with a
child while living in the Caribbean nation. He is being prosecuted by the Justice Department’s Child
Exploitation and Obscenity Section, for sexually abused the unidentified child, who was under 18, from
January 2014 to December 2017, the indictment states. https://www.thedailybeast.com/us-pastor-
corrigan-clay-who-adopted-haitian-orphans-charged-over-child-sex-abuse
3/17/22: Two toddlers were adopted into a Fort Bragg family and within a year both were dead. It took
more than three years but their adopted father, a soldier, is now facing murder charges.
https://www.yahoo.com/video/father-faces-murder-charges-years-010609213.html
55. 4. (Slide # 39) How Mother-Child Separation Causes Neurobiological Vulnerability Into Adulthood
https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/observer/obsonline /how-mother-child-separation-
causes-neurobiological-vulnerability-into-adulthood.html
5. (Slide # 40) Bohl and Marich, Relinquishment and Addiction: What Trauma Has to do with it.
https://davidbbohl.com/relinquishment-and-addiction/
6. Sunderland, Paul. Lecture on Adoption. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3pX4C-mtiI
7. Kaplan, Adoption and Mental Illness
https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/adoption-and-mental-illness
8. Keyes, et al. Risk of Suicide Attempt in Adopted and Nonadopted Offspring
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3784288/
58. • Adoptees "Flip the Script" on National Adoption Month;.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTGzZboJCAU
• AmericanAdoptions. Adoptee Issues: The Impact of Adoption
Trauma, Loss and More
https://www.americanadoptions.com/adoption/adoption-issues-
adults
• APS, How Mother-Child Separation Causes Neurobiological
Vulnerability into Adulthood
https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/observer/obsonlin
e/how-mother-child-separation-causes-neurobiological-vulnerability-
into-adulthood.html
• Bohl, David and Jamie March. Relinquishment and Addiction: What
Trauma Has to Do With
It. https://www.amazon.com/Relinquishment-Addiction-What-
Trauma-Has-ebook/dp/B09NZ37CX6
• Evolve Treatment Centers, The Effect of Early Trauma on Adopted
Adolescents https://evolvetreatment.com/blog/early-trauma-
adopted-teens/
59. • Johnson, Vicci Una. Trauma, Trust, and Academic Achievement Stories
Shared by High School Dropouts.
https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5499&c
ontext=hse_all
• Maté, Dr. Gbaor and Zara Phillips. The Trauma of Relinquishment -
Adoption, Addiction and Beyond, video of panel with world-leading
trauma and addiction expert.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CW_GdFG1KY
• PACT. Grief and Loss in Adoption: Best articles, essays, videos.
https://www.pactadopt.org/resources/grief-and-loss-in-adoption.html
• Riben, Mirah. Ethical issues in American Infant Adoption.
https://mirahmirah.medium.com/ethical-issues-in-america-infant-adoption-
8b4f0d826830
• Riben, Mirah. Adoption-Related Trauma and Moral Injury
https://mirahmirah.medium.com/adoption-related-trauma-and-moral-injury-
c3efcef1b529
• Riben, Mirah. The Lifelong Trauma of Adoption Relinquishment
https://mirahmirah.medium.com/the-lifelong-trauma-of-adoption-
relinquishment-352482208d25
60. • Robinson, Evelyn Burns, Adoption & Loss: The Hidden Grief.
https://www.amazon.com/Adoption-Loss-Hidden-Grief-
Revised/dp/0646435329
• Rosetta, Meg, Lutheran Family & Children Services. Grief and Loss
in Adoption. https://lfcsmo.org/grief-and-loss-in-adoption/
• Samuels, Elizabeth. Time to Decide? The Laws Governing Mothers'
Consents to the Adoption of Their Newborn Infants
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=84358
• Samuels, Elizabeth: Surrender and Subordination: Birth Mothers and
Adoption Law Reform, Michigan Journal of Gender & Law, Vol.
20 , Iss. 1 (2013)
https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjgl/vol20/iss1/2/
• Sunderland, Paul. Lecture on Adoption - YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3pX4C-mtiI&t=1587s
• Verrier, Nancy. The Primal. http://nancyverrier.com/the-primal-wound/
61. See Mirah Riben on:
https://tinyurl.com/riben-goolescholar
https://wikitia.com/wiki/Mirah_Riben
https://en.everybodywiki.com/Mirah_Riben
MirahRiben.blogspot.com
Mirah on Twitter @MirahRiben
linkedin.com/in/mirah-riben-89040519/
Revised 3/24/22
Editor's Notes
These are serious ethical questions for adoption practitioners