1. POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVERSITY OF
CARCHI
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
PORTFOLIO
STUDENT NAME:
DANIA CHARFUELÁN
LEVEL: 6TH
03TH
AUGUST 2013

2. CONTENTS
1. Personal introduction............................................................................... 3
2. Dossier .................................................................................................... 4
2.1. Task ..................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1. Global issues .................................................................................... 4
2.1.2. Essay of the most serious problems of the city of Tulcan ................. 6
2.1.3. Writing of paragraphs........................................................................ 7
2.1.4. Examples of grammar must – have to .............................................. 9
2.1.5. Essay.............................................................................................. 10
2.1.6. Examples where you show the different forms of passive .............. 12
2.1.7. Article describing a painting............................................................ 14
2.1.8. Examples of the causative forms .................................................... 16
2.1.9. Examples of reported speech ......................................................... 17
2.1.10. Article describing a person .......................................................... 19
2.2. Expositions......................................................................................... 20
2.2.1. Festival in ecuador.......................................................................... 20
2.2.2. Nano - world ................................................................................... 22
2.2.3. The art around the world................................................................. 24
3. Conclusions........................................................................................... 28

3. 1. PERSONAL INTRODUCTION
Today more than ever it is essential to learn the English language.
Every day is used more in almost all areas of knowledge and
human development. Practically it can be argued that it is the
language of the world. That is why learning this language is of
vital importance for future professionals that are continually being
formed. This paper shows the development of the different
activities implemented for the contents acquired during this
semester, the grammar and its development, vocabulary, readings
that promote interest in the study of the English language.

4. 2. DOSSIER
2.1. TASK
2.1.1. GLOBAL ISSUES
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
Racial discriminationis thepreference on the
basisofdescent ornational or ethnic origin. Racism
is asystem of power thatgivesprivileges topeople
who consider themselvesas"superior".
Ecuadorhas made somerulesto
attackracialdiscriminationand racism. Actually, this
is more difficult. According to the reportofthe
MillenniumDevelopment Goals,it was decided thatthere is a closerelationship
between poverty andethnicity,poverty is growing inAfro-Ecuadoriansand
indigenous, because the Afro-Ecuadoriansindicatorsof poverty and
extremepoverty.
Somedata showthat racial discriminationaffects theorganization of the
stateandin the wayresources are allocated, goods and services, resulting in
anunequalsocietythat preventsindigenousEcuadoriansanda dignified lifefor
the merefact of beingdifferent.
ALCOHOLISM
Several studies haveshown that
long-term alcohol
abuseproducesserious effects
onvarious body organs. Alcoholismis
defined asa treatable disease. About
2billion
peopleworldwideconsumealcoholic
beverages.

5. Drinking alcoholcan causefatalities, falling intoa depressionand evenlead to
suicide. It can also causediseaseslike cancer.High levelsof stress canlead a
personto fallinto alcoholism. TheOMCnotes that2.3 millionpeople
worldwidedie each year fromalcohol-relatedcauses. Alcohol consumption in
Ecuador is 79.6%, the percentage of the population has used at least once in
their life liquor.
DROGS
Currentlythedrug addictiona
seriousproblem generatedvery
ofteninyouth. Many of the
causessothat young peopleuse drugs
arefamily problems, excessivelyusing
drugscan destroythephysical and
mental healthof the person. Drug
usemaycreatechangesin people, creating a joy thatdoes not really exist.
Thedrug abusehas manynegative consequencesnot onlyforthe individualbut
alsofor society. Moreoverdrug addiction isa disease thatcan be avoided
withthehelp of family, friendsand community.Education isan important partto
avoid this problem.
TEEN PREGNANCY
Adolescence is the most critical stage of the human
being.
Pregnancy, this phenomenon is transformed into
wonderful problem when it is a teenager, since as a
child becomes a mother.
There are some causes that are developed at
teenage pregnancy, as the sociocultural
characteristics of the various populations. Because
teen pregnancy is culturally accepted, this situation is often observed in
forest populations. However, teenage pregnancy is not a culturally accepted

6. pattern in other populations, because of their religion; so many teens have
had an abortion.
2.1.2. ESSAY OF THEMOSTSERIOUSPROBLEMSOF THE CITY
OFTULCAN
ALCOHOLISM IN TULCAN
Alcoholism is one of the most serious problems in our city, which mainly
affects young people, but how we can provide solution to this problem?
To begin, we must know that alcoholism is a disease. Young people who
drink alcohol as a result will have discomfort in your body leading to serious
negative effects on various organs in your body.
To solve this problem it is necessary that young people are aware of the
problems caused by drinking alcohol, so avoid falling into this big problem.
Another possible solution would be to give psychological talks for parents
and children, so you know the cause would be achieved by that young
drinker.
In addition to these talks will be known if the main problems of young people
are at home or in schools. This means having greater knowledge of young
people and prevent them from falling in this problem is alcoholism.

7. To summarize, the alcoholism is a serious problem affecting the youth of our
city, we can help with talks, and knowing the problems of the young, and in
this way to help them.
2.1.3. WRITING OF PARAGRAPHS
Billon
The company Coca - Cola is one of the largest companies in the world. this
company is the largest producer of soft drinks, the company manages large
annual sales. Proceeds from the largest soft drink company in the world rose
slightly to 1900 billion this year.
Developed countries
Ecuador is a country in process of development, which means it is a country
whose economy is in full economic development. The Ecuador has not yet
reached the status of developed countries, which are the countries which are
located with a high standard of living.
Supports
The Ecuadorian government through SENAMI supports students and
professionals Ecuadorians abroad in the improvement of their professional
training, and seeks their insertion in the labor market, in order to ensure a
transfer of knowledge and technology with dignity.
Contaminated
In Ecuador, one of the main reasons to save the environment is to prevent
pollution, the pollution of rivers is vitally important, not only for the protection
of the environment itself, but of the wildlife and vegetation who live in them.
Humans should avoid drinking contaminated water.
Advance
Today, we see teens using technology, are able to obtain much information
quickly. This has revolutionized the world of education, which is becoming

8. more and more technology, so it is possible the most dynamic and
entertaining learning. Thanks to the advanced technology many people
manage to get much information.
Smog
Smoking endangers the health of a person and the people around you. The
smoke from his cigarette seriously harms the nonsmokers. Many diseases
are caused because of the smog from cigarettes.
Home to
The Galapagos Islands make up the world's most diverse islands, there are
several species of plants and is home to several animal species typical of the
islands, the animals show no fear in the presence of humans and other
animals. This makes Galapagos a very special place for tourism and
photography.
Estimated
In the Galapagos Islands is estimated that there are 15 sub-species of
Galapagos giant tortoises. Some of them prefer the highlands of the larger
islands due to moisture, abundant grass and small ponds where they drink
and rest. Other Turtles prefer the Islands with little elevation, dry land with a
variety of thorny vegetation such as cacti.

9. 2.1.4. EXAMPLES OF GRAMMAR MUST – HAVE TO
MUST
My sister has to go to a birthday party of his friend. She must get home at ten
o'clock.
My father has a U.S. customer. He must travel to close the deal.
My mother has to put money in the bank. She must go before it closes.
Maritza started to arrange the garden of his house. His father said she should
finish it.
My mother is not home today. I must cook dinner for my brother and my
father.
HAVE TO
Tomorrow we have English exam at eight o'clock in the morning. We must be
on time.
In class we were asked to do a work of literature. I have to stay an hour later.
My brother is eighteen years. He has to do his military service this year.
My brother was taken to the hospital because he had an accident. Doctors
have to treat first.
Maribel has many important documents on your desktop. She has to be more
organized with your papers.
My cousin plans to take a trip to Quito. He has to be at the airport at seven
o'clock.

10. 2.1.5. ESSAY
Some people say that abortion should be legal. What do you think?
PROSS CONS
Inhuman put the woman in
danger of death or a serious and
permanent damage because of
pregnancy
It can cause certain
consequences in women such
as the cause of death due to
bleeding
Allow a woman to have the child
product of rape
Tener el riesgo de cáncer de
mama casi se dobla después de
un aborto
Remove to a handicapped child
because he and parents will
suffer much and cause too many
expenses
Can cause cervical cancer,
ovarian cancer equally and liver
PROBATE OF ABORTION

11. The abortion is fetal death by his expulsion, natural or induced, at any time of
intrauterine life, there are many arguments in those countries where, for any
reason, try to look for the legalization of abortion.
Some people mentioned that abortion should be legalized because it is
inhumane to put a woman in danger of death or a serious and permanent
damage because of pregnancy. Also consider it is cruel allow a woman to
have the child product of rape and finally see the need to eliminate a
handicapped child because he and parents will suffer much and cause too
many expenses.
Also consider that abortion can cause certain consequences in women such
as the cause of death due to bleeding, infection, embolism, anesthesia, and
undiagnosed ectopic pregnancies. They can also take the risk of breast
cancer almost doubles after one abortion and even increases further with two
or more abortions other reason so you should avoid abortion is to curb the
risk of cervical cancer, cancer also ovarian and liver that abortion is linked
with single or multiple.
In conclusion for some people the abortion may be an option to the suffering
of women who have been raped while for others it is illegal because the
woman is with many risks such as death or turn cancer.

12. 2.1.6. EXAMPLES WHERE YOU SHOW THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF
PASSIVE
Present Passive
1) Cats capture many mice
Many mice are captured by cats
2) Mauricio manufactures sports shoes
Athletic shoes are made by Mauricio
3) Santiago solve all mathematical exercises
Mathematical exercises are solved by Santiago
4) Margarita Juan dances with romantic music
John is dancing with Margarita romantic music
5) The designer designs a new hairstyle for the contestant
A new hairstyle is designing the stylist to the contestant
Past passive
1) Javier wrote a new novel
A new novel was written by Javier
2) My sister prepared a chocolate cake
A chocolate cake was prepared by my sister
3) Eduardo won a gold medal for athletics
For athletics gold medal was won by Eduardo
4) Santiago cut forest trees
The trees of the forest were cut by Santiago
5) Mary solved some of the problems of mathematics
Some of the math problems were resolved by Maria

13. Future passive
1) Doris will open your business tomorrow
The business will be opened tomorrow Doris
2) My father will make a new desktop for tomorrow
A new desktop will be done for my father tomorrow
3) My brother made a new economy project next month
A new economy project will be done by my brother next month
4) Dario will fix the car tomorrow
The car will be arranged by Dario morning
5) Ruben will destroy the wall next month
The wall will be destroyed by Ruben next month
Passive with modals
1) Doris could open the room of his brother
The room could be opened by Doris
2) My aunt can make a new dress for the party
The party dress can be done by my aunt
3) Teresa could design a new design competition
The new design for the competition can be designed by Teresa
4) Tamara can cook for dinner
Dinner can be cooked by Teresa
5) My brother could write the letter pair my mother
The letter to my mother could be written by my brother

14. 2.1.7. ARTICLE DESCRIBING A PAINTING
THE ART OF LEONARDO DA VINCI
Leonardo da Vinci was a Florentine painter. He was born in Vinci on April 15,
1452 and died in Amboise on May 2, 1519, at age 67. Leonardo studied with
the renowned Florentine painter Andrea Verrocchio. He performed some very
important jobs that were created in Milan in the service of Duke Ludovico
Sforza.
Also Leonardo worked in many places like Rome, Bologna and Venice and
spent the last years of his life in France. Leonardo da Vinci is considered one
of the greatest painters of all time. The most important works were carried
Gioconda and The Last Supper, paintings highly recognized worldwide.
Although he made many paintings, only know about twenty of his works.
La Gioconda also known as the Mona Lisa was acquired by King Francis I
of France in the early sixteenth century, ever since the French State owned,
and currently on display at the Louvre Museum in Paris.

15. The Last Supper is a mural made between 1495 and 1497, is located on the
wall on which it is originally painted in the refectory of the Dominican convent
of Santa Maria Grazie in Milan. Many experts and art historians, consider
The Last Supper as one of the best paintings in the world.

16. 2.1.8. EXAMPLES OF THE CAUSATIVE FORMS
My brother will arrange my table
I will have my table arranged
Javier has resolved my exercises of math
I have had math homework resolved
Susana will iron the clothes of Maritza in next month
Maritza will have the clothes ironed in next month
My mother will clean my room
I will have my room cleaned
The technician has fixed my computer
I have my computer fixed
My brother will do my homework
I will have my homework done
Susana has prepared dinner for your family
The Susan´s family has had the dinner prepared
Martha has done the accounting work for her friend
Martha's friends has had her accounting work done
Anderson will paint the house of Javier
Javier will have the Anderson´s house painted
Christian will write the poem for Lorena
Lorena will have the poem written
Juan won my competition in the university
I had my competition won in the university

17. My father repaired the guitar of Liliana yesterday
Liliana had his guitar repaired yesterday
2.1.9. EXAMPLES OF REPORTED SPEECH
I will go to visit my grandparents tomorrow (Maritza)
Maritza said, she would go to visit her grandparents the next
day
I like to listen music in my room (Daniela)
Daniela said, she liked to listen music in her room
I will give a present to my friend (Nathalie)
Nathalie said, she would give a present to her friend
I will travel to Quito the next month (Dario)
Dario said, he would travel to Quito the following month
I like to play soccer in the school (Juan)
Juan said, he played soccer in the school
I like played basketball two weeks ago (Susana)
Susana said, she had played basketball 2 weeks before
The mammoths disappeared millions of years ago (the teacher)
The teacher said, the mammoths had disappeared millions of
year before.
I am going to the museum tomorrow (Santiago)
Santiago said, He was going to the museum the next day

18. Do they allow cameras inside? (Roberto)
Roberto asked if cameras are allowed in the museum.
Can we eat in the class? (Milena)
Milena asked if we are allowed to eat in class.
When close the cinema? (Milena)
Milena asked when the cinema closed
How much does a blouse? (Margarita)
Margarita asked how much a blouse cost
Can we dance in the party? (Gabriela)
Gabriela asked if we are allowed to dance at the party

19. 2.1.10. ARTICLE DESCRIBING A PERSON
MATILDE HIDALGO DE PROCEL
The help, be useful to those around her and know how to respond to the
needs of many people. That's what I wanted to do Matilde Hidalgo and
managed to do so thanks to medicine. Being the first woman doctor of
Ecuador
Matilde Hidalgo Navarro was born in the city of Loja, is registered in the
parish of San Sebastian on September 29, 1889. A very important moment in
the life of Matilde is to get your bachelor's degree in male college Loja
Bernardo Valdivieso that by then seemed impossible for a woman that stood
out as the best student, graduating with honors, as the first woman bachelor
of Ecuador. Matilde Hidalgo overcame many obstacles to get into college and
to this day July 18, 1919 achieved the dream title "Bachelor of Medicine".
Then she graduated doctor of medicine at the Central University of Quito, the
first medical Ecuador.
Matilde Hidalgo sets high standards for women to follow. She confronted her
family and friends because they considered unworthy a woman to study at a
school for boys. It was a woman with great courage I face many problems to
fulfill his dream of becoming a doctor.

20. 2.2. EXPOSITIONS
2.2.1. FESTIVAL IN ECUADOR
INTIRAYMI
The Inti Raymi Festival is held in late June each year in the Andean peoples
of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Ecuador, where many people gather to
celebrate and show their gratitude for the bounty of the land with a variety of
traditional rituals colors.
IntiRaymi, which meansFestival of the Sunorthe resurrectionof the Sunis
celebratedin the towns ofPedroMoncayoandCayambein the province
ofPichinchaandCotacachi, Otavalo,
IbarraandAntonioAnte,intheImbaburaProvinceofEcuador. InOtavalo, the
celebrationslast for daysandhave becomea popular tourist attraction.
DuringIntiRaymi, members of indigenous communitiesgoto the springs, rivers
and waterfalls to undergospiritual
purificationritual, which they believe leads toa
renewal ofenergy andstrengthening your
relationshipwith Mother Nature. InOtavalo, this

21. ritualtakes placeat midnightinnearby waterfallwhich is consideredsacred.
As partof the celebrations, live music accompanies thedancers whoare led by
theAyaUma-a mythological characterbelieved to be
thespirit ofthe mountain.Arespected member ofthe
communitywill play theAyaUma, with the use ofa mask
withtwo faces thatrepresent the dayand night,andwith
twelvehorns representingthe twelvemonths of the year.
IntiRaymiisalso a celebration ofthe recovery ofan
indigenous identitythat had been lostover a periodof
time.InOtavalothisis celebrated bya march inthecity's centralsquare,
decorated with boldlystripedflagsrepresenting unitywhile respecting diversity.
After the march, music and dancing continuefor hours in ajoyful celebrationof
life.

22. 2.2.2. NANO - WORLD
NANOTECHNOLOGY AND CANCER
Cancer is a very complicated
disease. Nobody is quite sure
what causes it, but it happens
when some cells in your body
go haywire and grow out of
control. Not all cancers are
alike, some are on the skin
and others are located deep
within the body. The first challenge is actually finding the cancer. Can
nanotechnology help us? Sure.
Another reader wanted to know about how nanotechnology would impact
cancer. What is important about treating cancer? Finding where the cancer is
in the body and then sending powerful medicines only to where the cancer is
located.
The first challenge is finding the cancer.
You want to find it when it is really small,
before it gets too big. X-rays don’t do a
good job because they only work with
things like bones. Other ways of looking
inside the body can work but you need to
label the cancer cells so that you can see
them. Quantum dots (shown right) are one
way to label cells. They are really small, around five nanometers in size and
because they are really tiny they can make it through the body to the cancer.
If you want something to go through the blood stream to all parts of the body,
they need to be really small. The tiny capillaries that delivery food and
oxygen throughout your body become really narrow, only a few thousand
nanometers in diameter. Once the quantum dots reach the cancer a special

23. kind of light is used, infrared light that can penetrate deep into the body. The
quantum dots glow and you can see them with a special camera
Once you figure out where the cancer is,
nanotechnology can also be used to treat it.
Nanotechnology can make tiny particles, only a few
nanometers in size that can reach the cancer.
Scientists have shown that things like carbon
nanotubes and small particles of gold can be
delivered to the cancer. Once they are there, you
can again use special kinds of light to heat up the nanotubes or the particles
of gold. Turns out that cancer cells explode when you heat them up and if
you can heat only the cancer cells up and not the healthy tissue around it,
you can treat cancer. Most of this stuff is still experimental but progress is
being made.

24. 2.2.3. THE ART AROUND THE WORLD
Art is any activity or product done by humans for aesthetic purposes or
communicative, through which we express ideas, emotions or, in general, a
vision of the world through various resources, such as plastics, linguistic,
audio or mixed.
The creative arts are often divided into more specific categories, such as
decorative arts, plastic arts, performing arts and literature. So, painting is a
form of visual art, and poetry is a form of literature.
An example of visual art is the painting of 'Mona Lisa', was
painted by Leonardo da Vinci. It certainly wins the title of
the world's most famous painting. His mysterious smile is
what has intrigued millions. 'Mona Lisa' is the most
famous painting there.
As poetry can mention "I like you calm" of its author
Pablo Neruda Chilean poet, considered among the
best and most influential artists of his century, "the
greatest poet of the twentieth century in any
language", according Gabriel GarcíaMárquez. In
this poem speaks to Pablo Neruda which a girl in
love.
The architecture is also considered an expression of
art. The Eiffel Tower is a steel structure located in
Paris, which remains a monumental construction signal
wrought iron. The French civil engineer
AlexandreGustave Eiffel designed it for the Paris
Universal Exhibition of 1889.
Currently the vision of art has changed, the old formulas based on creating
art or beauty in imitation of nature have become obsolete, and today the art
is a dynamic quality, in constant transformation, also immersed in the media
communication.

25. 2.2.4. NEWS
MERCOSUR OR UNASUR MAY PRESENT CLASS ACTION AGAINST
U.S. ACCORDING TO EVO MORALES
The Bolivian president said that his country is committed to collectively
demand the United States with the intention to respect the international
treaties.
At a press conference at the Presidential Palace, the first indigenous
president of Bolivia said that that country would demand the Southern
Common Market (Mercosur), or the Union of South American Nations
(UNASUR).
The Bolivian government and much of the countries in the region believe that
the United States was behind the refusal to grant over flight and aircraft
operations to Morales to three weeks ago.
Morales was questioned about Bolivia's position regarding the possible
expulsion of the ambassadors of France, Portugal, Italy and Spain, the
countries involved in the kidnapping called air, a proposed social
organizations that make up the Unity Pact.
That's why Evo Morales said that States have to make decisions in close
consultation and for that our Foreign Minister David Choquehuanca in
contact with some chancellors

26. HEALTH AUTHORITIES FOUND EXPIRED MEDICINES IN THE
HOSPITAL "RODRIGUEZ ZAMBRANO" OF MANTA
Officials say sanctions will be imposed. In the execution of a arrangement by
the Minister of Health and the Health Zonal Coordinator of Manabi.
CarmitaPinargote indicated that the early morning hours when he was not
working administrative staff found a number of irregularities in the Hospital
"Rodriquez Zambrano" including evidence of contamination medication.
PinargoteCarmita said a fridge that was in the pharmacy, it was almost an
entire wardrobe, meals mixed with medications. Furthermore, in the cellars of
the house of health, various medical supplies were found, with their expiry
date.
The Zonal Health Coordinator Manabi said that we he would not because
leaving a drug expire obviously found that medicine has expired years ago.
So tell after recording these irregularities will run administrative sanctions.

27. ECUADOR, SECOND CAR DESTINATION COUNTRY MADE IN
COLOMBIA FOR YEAR 2012
The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism said that Colombia last
year exported 25798 vehicles manufactured entirely in the country. The main
destination of these cars was Mexico at 43.17%, followed by Ecuador
(28.8%), Peru (9.96%), Argentina (8.78%), Chile (4.36%), Venezuela
(2.13%), Guatemala (1.20 %), Panama (1.2%) and others (1%)
Sergio Diaz, said that while in 2010, 90% of foreign sales were made to
Venezuela and Ecuador, the Colombian automotive industry has entered into
more than 10 markets.
It identified this activity as one of the leading sectors and one of the
locomotives for development.
In Colombia are established assemblers Auomotriz Colombian Company,
General Motors, Colomotores, Sofa, Hino Motors Manufacturing, Non Plus
Ultra Bodyworks among others.
GM Colomotores inaugurated on 11 July, a total production facility to
manufacture vehicles that sucks about 60000 units per year for the local
industry and external.

28. 3. CONCLUSIONS
English is universal language in which professionals should know
to speak and write.
It is important to know the grammar in written English, to facilitate
the carrying out of tests or reports and project development.
You must understand that some of the phrases in English do not
have a specific meaning in Spanish.
Different words have the same spelling but have different
meanings according to set context in which they are used.
It is essential to have a broad vocabulary to enhance learning in
the foreign language is English
,