The document describes the collapse of the mortgage market in the late 2000s, which began with a housing bubble fueled by risky lending practices. As people defaulted on loans, unemployment rose and GDP declined sharply. The government was unprepared and slow to act, making poor attempts to stimulate the economy through measures like the Troubled Asset Relief Program and Dodd-Frank Act. Overall, more preventative regulation could have avoided the crisis and a faster response was needed to mitigate its effects.