Endangered and Candidate Freshwater Mussels in Texas - Brad Littrell
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This document discusses several endangered and threatened freshwater mussel species in Texas. It provides information on their taxonomy, life history traits like reproduction and feeding, distribution and habitat. Several species have uncertain taxonomy and may consist of multiple distinct species. The document outlines conservation efforts and research needs to better understand and protect these imperiled mussels in Texas.
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Endangered and Candidate Freshwater Mussels in Texas - Brad Littrell
- 1. Endangered and Candidate Freshwater Mussels in Texas Brad Littrell
- 2. BIO-WEST Mussel Timeline โข The Good Olโ Days โ Bob Howells โข 2009 โ TPWD lists 15 species as state threatened โข 2011 โ SARA San Antonio River Surveys โข Relocation projects across the state โข Pipelines, bridges, municipal projects โข 2017 โ Texas Comptroller Research Project โข Texas State University โข Auburn University โข USFWS fish hatcheries
- 3. What is a freshwater mussel? โข Family Unionidae โข Rocks with guts โข Complex life history
- 4. Freshwater Mussels: Emerging Science โข Taxonomy? โข Diet โข Pedal feeding โข Filter feeding โข Nutrient sources not well understood โข Bacteria, fungi, plankton, organic matter โข Reproduction โข Fish hosts โข Long-term brooders โข Short-term brooders โข Timing? Fecundity? โข Growth and longevity? โข Mark and recapture โข Long-term monitoring
- 6. Texas Hornshell Popenaias popeii โข Recently listed Federally Endangered โข Rio Grande and Pecos drainages โข Black River, NM โข Delaware River, NM โข Lower Pecos, below I-10 โข Devils River โข Rio Grande - Big Bend area โข Rio Grande - Laredo area โข Mexico??? โข Habitat = Rock crevices and riffles
- 7. Central Texas Group โข FY18 โ Species Status Assessments (SSA) coming soon โข False Spike โข Texas Fatmucket โข Texas Pimpleback โข Texas Fawnsfoot
- 8. False Spike Fusconaia mitchelli โข Considered extinct for many years โข Current Distribution: โข Lower Guadalupe River - stronghold โข Brazos basin - Little River drainage โข Colorado basin โ San Saba and Llano โข Recent changes to taxonomy โข Some suggestion of multiple species โข Guadalupe group โข Colorado/Brazos group
- 9. False Spike Fusconaia mitchelli โข Gravel runs and riffles โข Short-term brooder โข Spawns late winter/early spring โข Releases glochidia in spring โข Uses common minnow hosts โข Not tolerant of high temperatures -1.0 1.0 -1.0 1.0 Qaur Qpet Qmit Quad Ctam Mner Apli Lter Mussels silt sand grvl cbbl bdrk BH BPB FPB MC Riff Run Pool
- 10. Texas Fatmucket Lampsilis bracteata โข Spring-fed streams in Edwards Plateau โข Upper Guadalupe River โข Colorado River tribs โข San Saba โข Llano โข Pedernales โข Onion Creek โข Cherokee Creek โข Recent genetic data suggests multiple species โข Colorado River type โข Upper Guadalupe type
- 11. Texas Fatmucket Lampsilis bracteata โข Run edge or bank habitats โข Bedrock and gravel substrates โข Long-term brooder โข Likely spawns in fall, broods over winter โข Uses fish-like lure โข Largemouth Bass, Guadalupe Bass, Green Sunfish, Bluegill โข Not tolerant of high temperatures โข Not tolerant of desiccation Figure 28. Catch-per-unit effort (CPUE; mussels/p-h.) of L. bracteata by mesohabitat among all survey basins. BW = backwater, PE = pool edge, PMC = pool mid-channel, R = riffle, RE = run edge, RMC = run mid-channel. RMCRERPMCPEBW 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
- 12. Texas Pimpleback Cyclonaias petrina โข Guadalupe and Colorado drainages โข Clumped distribution โข Recent name change โข Suggestion of multiple species โข Colorado type โข Guadalupe type
- 13. Texas Pimpleback Cyclonaias petrina โข Swift gravel/cobble runs and riffles โข Short-term brooder โข Catfish hosts โข Spawns in late winter/ early spring โข Releases glochidia in spring โข Tolerant of high temperatures โข Tolerant of desiccation โข Can live over 1-month out of water
- 14. Texas Fawnsfoot Truncilla macrodon โข Originally thought to be limited to Brazos and Colorado drainage โข Recent genetic data suggests Trinity River populations are same species
- 15. Texas Fawnsfoot Truncilla macrodon โข Small size = harder to detect โข Run edge habitats โข Sand, silt, clay substrates โข Tolerances untested โข Long-term brooder โข Freshwater Drum likely host
- 16. East Texas Group โข FY19 โ SSAs being initiated โข Triangle Pigtoe โข Louisiana Pigtoe โข Texas Heelsplitter
- 17. Triangle Pigtoe Fusconaia lananensis โข Originally known from a few specific locations in SE Texas โข Difficult to distinguish from Texas Pigtoe โข Not a valid species โข Recent taxonomy lumps this species into Texas Pigtoe Fusconaia chunii โข Williams et al. 2017
- 18. Louisiana Pigtoe Pleurobema riddellii โข San Jacinto, Trinity, Neches-Angelina, Sabine, Big Cypress and Sulphur River basins โข Sand, silt, gravel โข Slow to swift flow โข Short-term brooder โข Potential hosts: โข Red Shiner and Bullhead Minnow
- 19. Texas Heelsplitter Potamilus amphichaenus โข Trinity, Neches-Angelina, and Sabine Rivers โข Mud and sand, still to moderate flow โข Very similar to Pink Papershell โข Genetic analysis ongoing โข Long-term brooder โข Likely uses Freshwater Drum as host
- 20. Texas Quadrula Group โข FY20 โข Smooth Pimpleback Cyclonaias houstonensis โข Golden Orb Cyclonaias aurea โข Genetic analysis suggests these may be a single species, but this has not been widely accepted yet
- 21. Smooth Pimpleback Cyclonaias houstonensis โข Colorado and Brazos drainages โข Relatively common in lower Brazos and lower Colorado โข Most abundant mussel in recent collections in Little River โข Genetic uncertainty in taxonomy
- 22. Smooth Pimpleback Cyclonaias houstonensis โข Sandy runs and pools โข Short-term brooder โข Likely uses catfish hosts โข Likely spawns in late winter/ early spring โข Likely releases glochidia in spring โข Moderate tolerance of temperature and desiccation Figure 17. Catch-per-unit effort (CPUE; mussels/p-h.) of C. houstonensis by mesohabitat among all survey basins. BW = backwater, PE = pool edge, PMC = pool mid-channel, R = riffle, RE = run edge, RMC = run mid-channel. Mesohabitat RMCRERPMCPEBW 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 CPUE
- 23. Golden Orb Cyclonaias aurea โข Guadalupe, San Antonio, and Nueces drainages โข Relatively common in lower San Antonio and lower Guadalupe โข Riffles and runs in gravel and sand โข Short-term brooder โข Likely uses catfish hosts โข Likely spawns in late winter/ early spring โข Likely releases glochidia in spring โข Genetic uncertainty in taxonomy
- 24. Rio Grande Group โข FY22 โ For another day! โข Mexican Fawnsfoot Truncilla cognata โข Salina Mucket Potamilus metnecktayi