Embedded Systems

1. EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS

2. • A system is a way of working, organizing or doing one or
many tasks according to a fixed plan, program or set of rules.
• A system is also an arrangement in which all its units
assemble and work together according to the plan or
program.
What is a System?

3. Watch
It is a time display SYSTEM
Parts: Hardware, Needles, Battery, Dial, Chassis and Strap Rules
All needles move clockwise only
A thin needle rotates every second
A long needle rotates every minute
A short needle rotates every hour
All needles return to the original position after 12 hours
SYSTEM EXAMPLES

4. WASHING MACHINE
It is an automatic clothes washing SYSTEM
Parts: Status display panel, Switches & Dials, Motor, Power supply & control unit,
Inner water level sensor and solenoid valve.
Rules
Wash by spinning
Rinse
Drying
Wash over by blinking
Each step display the process stage
In case interruption, execute only the remaining
SYSTEM EXAMPLES

5. Definition:
An Embedded System is one that has computer hardware with software embedded in
it as one of its important components.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM

6. We can define an embedded system as “A microprocessor based system that does not
look like a computer”.
Or
we can say that it is “A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps
additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In
some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of
an antilock braking system in a car ”.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
DEFINITIONS

7. An embedded product uses a microprocessor (or
microcontroller) to do one task and one task only.
A printer is an example of embedded system since the
processor inside it performs only one task; namely, getting
the data and printing it.
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
DEFINITIONS

8. COMPARISON

9. Due to their compact size, low cost and simple design aspects
made embedded systems very popular and encroached into
human lives and have become indispensable.
SIGNIFICANCE

10. HISTORY
Standard Environment Expression
Language Extensions Control Statement
Documentation orComments Control Flow
Character Sets Switch Statements
Identifiers Functions
Types Pointers and Arrays
Constants Structures and unions
Declarations and definitions Preprocessing
Initialization Standard libraries
Type conversion Pointer type conversion

11. HISTORY

12. Low cost.
Small size.
High reliability.
Fast operations.
Easy to manufacture.
Fewer interconnections.
ADVANTAGES OF ES

13. APPLICATIONS OF ES

14. APPLICATIONS OF ES

15. CLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM

16. SMALL SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEM

17. MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEM

18. SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEM

19. What is inside an embedded system ?
Every embedded system consists of custom-built hardware built around a
Central Processing Unit (CPU). This hardware also contains memory chips onto
which the software is loaded. The software residing on the memory chip is also
called the ‘firmware’.
The operating system runs above the hardware, and the application software
runs above the operating system. The same architecture is applicable to any
computer including a desktop computer. However, there are significant
differences. It is not compulsory to have an operating system in every
embedded system.

20. LAYERED ARCHITECTURE OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM

21. EMBEDDED HARDWARE SYSTEM
Now let us see the details of the various building blocks of the hardware of an
embedded system.
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Memory (Read only memory and Random accessmemory)
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Communication interfaces
 Application specific circuitry

22. HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM

23. LANGUAGES USED IN ES
Assembly Language:
 Lowest-level human-readable method for programming
 Platform specific
 No need for compilation
 Used by some compilers, such as GCC, to convert high-level languages
(such as C) into platform-dependent assembly language before assembling
into machine language.

24. LANGUAGES USED IN ES
Assembly Disadvantages:
 Platform Specific
 Operated by acting on specific instructions
 Can perform no other actions besides those specifically listed
 Instructions are highly atomic: each instruction performs a
single, small instruction
 Too difficult to program large applications

25. LANGUAGES USED IN ES
C Language:
 Source files ‘linked’ together
 Ability to program in assembly right inside the C- code
 Easy to write and portable
 Knowledge of C enables freedom

26. THANK YOU