Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of waste water treatment method which is particularly designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to release safe water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent. Helping achieve a greener society
Removal of Reactive dyes from wastewater by Adsorption process.pptxEr. Rahul Jarariya
This document discusses the removal of dyes from wastewater using adsorption processes. It lists various adsorbents derived from plant materials that can be used, such as leaves from trees like Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Azadirachta indica. It also lists activated carbons and modified leaf powders that are effective adsorbents. Finally, it defines various terms related to adsorption processes, kinetics, and isotherm models.
Calculus involves the study of limits, derivatives, and integrals to understand changes in quantities. It was developed by Newton and Leibniz and is divided into differential and integral calculus. Differential calculus examines rates of change, while integral calculus concerns quantities given rates of change. Calculus is applied in fields like science, technology, physics, and engineering to model real-world systems and problems.
Polynomials are algebraic expressions consisting of variables, constants, and exponents combined using operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They are classified based on the number of terms as monomials, binomials, or trinomials. The degree of a polynomial refers to the highest exponent present. Common polynomial operations include adding and subtracting like terms, multiplying polynomials according to distributive properties, and using long division to divide polynomials. Division of polynomials does not always result in another polynomial.
The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) is one of two principal organizations that accredits higher education institutions in India. NBA specifically accredits technical programs like engineering and management, whereas NAAC accredits general schools and universities. NBA's major objectives are to assess and accredit technical education programs based on guidelines, evolve standards and parameters for assessment, and promote excellence in technical education. The organizational structure of NBA is headed by a General Council and Executive Committee that oversee its activities and services. The accreditation procedure involves registration, completing a pre-qualifier form, and submitting documents for assessment.
FTIR spectroscopy involves using infrared light to analyze materials. It works by passing infrared light through a sample and measuring the vibrations and rotations of molecules to determine chemical structure. Common applications of FTIR spectroscopy include identifying polymers, analyzing pharmaceuticals and contaminants, monitoring emissions, and performing quality control tests of materials.
This document provides an overview of patent laws and intellectual property rights in India. It explains that a patent gives an owner legal rights to exclude others from an invention for a limited time period in exchange for publicly disclosing the invention. The document discusses India's priority on overseas markets like the UK and the importance of understanding and enforcing intellectual property rights in India. It also summarizes India's patent history and current government laws around patents, the patent application process, costs associated with patents, alternatives to patents, benefits and criticisms of the patent system.
The document describes the SNAMPROGETTI urea production process. It includes details on the main sections of a urea plant like CO2 compression, high pressure synthesis loop, and vacuum evaporation. It provides production rates for two lines at the facility totaling over 6,000 tons per day. The document outlines the key chemical reactions in urea synthesis and describes the high pressure, medium pressure, and low pressure sections of the process.
This document contains information on various tractor models from different manufacturers in India. It provides details like manufacturer name and address, tractor make and model, MRP range, online price, engine power specifications, and test report details for each tractor model. There are over 50 tractor models listed from manufacturers like Action Construction Equipment, Adico Escorts, Agri King, Captain Tractors, CNH Industrial (New Holland), Eicher Tractors and more. The document acts as a comparative listing with key specifications of popular tractor models currently available in the Indian market.
Removal of Reactive dyes from wastewater by Adsorption process.pptxEr. Rahul Jarariya
This document discusses the removal of dyes from wastewater using adsorption processes. It lists various adsorbents derived from plant materials that can be used, such as leaves from trees like Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Azadirachta indica. It also lists activated carbons and modified leaf powders that are effective adsorbents. Finally, it defines various terms related to adsorption processes, kinetics, and isotherm models.
Calculus involves the study of limits, derivatives, and integrals to understand changes in quantities. It was developed by Newton and Leibniz and is divided into differential and integral calculus. Differential calculus examines rates of change, while integral calculus concerns quantities given rates of change. Calculus is applied in fields like science, technology, physics, and engineering to model real-world systems and problems.
Polynomials are algebraic expressions consisting of variables, constants, and exponents combined using operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. They are classified based on the number of terms as monomials, binomials, or trinomials. The degree of a polynomial refers to the highest exponent present. Common polynomial operations include adding and subtracting like terms, multiplying polynomials according to distributive properties, and using long division to divide polynomials. Division of polynomials does not always result in another polynomial.
The National Board of Accreditation (NBA) is one of two principal organizations that accredits higher education institutions in India. NBA specifically accredits technical programs like engineering and management, whereas NAAC accredits general schools and universities. NBA's major objectives are to assess and accredit technical education programs based on guidelines, evolve standards and parameters for assessment, and promote excellence in technical education. The organizational structure of NBA is headed by a General Council and Executive Committee that oversee its activities and services. The accreditation procedure involves registration, completing a pre-qualifier form, and submitting documents for assessment.
FTIR spectroscopy involves using infrared light to analyze materials. It works by passing infrared light through a sample and measuring the vibrations and rotations of molecules to determine chemical structure. Common applications of FTIR spectroscopy include identifying polymers, analyzing pharmaceuticals and contaminants, monitoring emissions, and performing quality control tests of materials.
This document provides an overview of patent laws and intellectual property rights in India. It explains that a patent gives an owner legal rights to exclude others from an invention for a limited time period in exchange for publicly disclosing the invention. The document discusses India's priority on overseas markets like the UK and the importance of understanding and enforcing intellectual property rights in India. It also summarizes India's patent history and current government laws around patents, the patent application process, costs associated with patents, alternatives to patents, benefits and criticisms of the patent system.
The document describes the SNAMPROGETTI urea production process. It includes details on the main sections of a urea plant like CO2 compression, high pressure synthesis loop, and vacuum evaporation. It provides production rates for two lines at the facility totaling over 6,000 tons per day. The document outlines the key chemical reactions in urea synthesis and describes the high pressure, medium pressure, and low pressure sections of the process.
This document contains information on various tractor models from different manufacturers in India. It provides details like manufacturer name and address, tractor make and model, MRP range, online price, engine power specifications, and test report details for each tractor model. There are over 50 tractor models listed from manufacturers like Action Construction Equipment, Adico Escorts, Agri King, Captain Tractors, CNH Industrial (New Holland), Eicher Tractors and more. The document acts as a comparative listing with key specifications of popular tractor models currently available in the Indian market.
This document lists 47 manufacturers of agricultural equipment in India. It provides their contact information, location, and prices for various equipment models including rotavators, zero till drills, happy seeders, and paddy straw choppers. The price ranges given are generally between Rs. 80,000 to Rs. 1,50,000 depending on the equipment type and specifications. The majority of the listed manufacturers are located in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and nearby regions.
Calculus is the major part of Mathematis. This theoretical presentation covered all relevant definations and systematic review points about calculus. It also brings and promote you towards in advance mathematics.
Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with change and motion. It involves the study of limits, derivatives, and integrals. The fundamental theorem of calculus connects differentiation and integration and allows us to solve many problems involving rates of change.
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output.
This document provides the text of the Constitution of India as amended up to and including the Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019. It includes a preface describing the contents and amendments incorporated. The main body of the document contains the text of the Constitution, organized into Parts dealing with topics like the Union and its territory, citizenship, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, the Union executive and Parliament. It provides the framework for governance and protection of fundamental rights and duties of citizens in India.
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
It is part of Chemical Engineering. A lot of toxic released from Chemical Industries. How to reduce that wastewater effluent. All the techniques and measurements are included in this presentation.
Industrial Effluent Treatment by Modern Techniques.pptEr. Rahul Jarariya
Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of waste water treatment method which is particularly designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to release safe water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent. Helping achieve a greener society.
Microwave solution combustion synthesis of visible light-responsive photocatalyst dye degradation of Reactive turquoise blue (RB21) dye.
This is the self-work done by NIT Bhopal (part of the programme dissertation)
The document discusses HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) studies and QRA (Qualitative Risk Analysis) studies conducted in process industries. It provides details on how HAZOP studies work, including forming a HAZOP team, identifying system elements and parameters, considering potential deviations, and identifying hazards. It also discusses QRA methodology which includes hazard identification, scenario selection, frequency and consequence estimation. The document emphasizes the importance of HAZOP and QRA studies in identifying risks and improving safety.
This document discusses different types of absorbers used in industrial processes including packed towers, tray towers, spray towers, ventury scrubbers, shell and tube absorbers, falling film absorbers, graphite cube absorbers, and gas-liquid reactors. These absorbers use contact between a gas and liquid to transfer mass or heat.
Cleaner production is a concept that encompasses many of the operational practicalities of best environmental practices on a mine site. It aims at maximizing resource usage and operational efficiency during the production of minerals.
Many universities now offer freshman, sophomore, and junior courses in both introductory computing and numerical methods. In addition, many of our colleagues are integrating computer-oriented problems into other courses at all levels of the curriculum. Thus, this new edition is still founded on the basic premise that student engineers should be provided with a strong and early introduction to numerical methods. Consequently, although we have
expanded our coverage in the new edition, we have tried to maintain many of the features that made the first edition accessible to both lower- and upper-level undergraduates.
The document discusses linear programming, including an overview of the topic, model formulation, graphical solutions, and irregular problem types. It provides examples to demonstrate how to set up linear programming models for maximization and minimization problems, interpret feasible regions, identify optimal solutions, and address multiple optimal solutions, infeasible solutions, and unbounded solutions. The examples aid in understanding the key steps and components involved in linear programming model formulation and graphical solution methods.
The document describes an optimization problem for a refinery to maximize profit by processing different amounts of four types of crude oil available in its tank farm. The objective is to determine the optimal proportions of each crude oil to process while satisfying constraints on crude availability, product market demands, and non-negativity. The problem is formulated as a linear program with an objective function that calculates profit for each crude oil based on product yields and sales prices, and with constraints defined for crude availability, product demands, and non-negativity of crude amounts. The problem will be solved using an Excel solver to determine the optimal amounts of each crude oil to process.
This document lists 47 manufacturers of agricultural equipment in India. It provides their contact information, location, and prices for various equipment models including rotavators, zero till drills, happy seeders, and paddy straw choppers. The price ranges given are generally between Rs. 80,000 to Rs. 1,50,000 depending on the equipment type and specifications. The majority of the listed manufacturers are located in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and nearby regions.
Calculus is the major part of Mathematis. This theoretical presentation covered all relevant definations and systematic review points about calculus. It also brings and promote you towards in advance mathematics.
Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with change and motion. It involves the study of limits, derivatives, and integrals. The fundamental theorem of calculus connects differentiation and integration and allows us to solve many problems involving rates of change.
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output.
This document provides the text of the Constitution of India as amended up to and including the Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019. It includes a preface describing the contents and amendments incorporated. The main body of the document contains the text of the Constitution, organized into Parts dealing with topics like the Union and its territory, citizenship, fundamental rights, directive principles of state policy, the Union executive and Parliament. It provides the framework for governance and protection of fundamental rights and duties of citizens in India.
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
Wastewater Treatment: Definition, Process Steps, Design Considerations, Plant Types (With PDF)
Written by Anup Kumar Deyin Civil,Construction,Mechanical,Piping Interface,Process
Wastewater treatment is a process to treat sewage or wastewater to remove suspended solid contaminants and convert them into an effluent that can be discharged back to the environment with acceptable impact. The plants where the wastewater treatment process takes place are popularly known as Wastewater treatment plants, Water resource recovery facilities, or Sewage Treatment Plants. Pollutants present in wastewater can negatively impact the environment and human health. So, these must be removed, broken down, or converted during the treatment process. Typical pollutants that are normally present in wastewater are:
Bacteria, viruses, and disease-causing pathogens.
helminths (intestinal worms and worm-like parasites)
Toxic Chlorine compounds and inorganic chloramines.
Metals possessing toxic effects like mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic.
Decaying organic matter and debris.
oils and greases.
Toxic chemicals like PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, furans, pesticides, phenols, etc.
Some pharmaceutical and personal care products
It is part of Chemical Engineering. A lot of toxic released from Chemical Industries. How to reduce that wastewater effluent. All the techniques and measurements are included in this presentation.
Industrial Effluent Treatment by Modern Techniques.pptEr. Rahul Jarariya
Effluent Treatment Plant or ETP is one type of waste water treatment method which is particularly designed to purify industrial wastewater for its reuse and its aim is to release safe water to the environment from the harmful effect caused by the effluent. Helping achieve a greener society.
Microwave solution combustion synthesis of visible light-responsive photocatalyst dye degradation of Reactive turquoise blue (RB21) dye.
This is the self-work done by NIT Bhopal (part of the programme dissertation)
The document discusses HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) studies and QRA (Qualitative Risk Analysis) studies conducted in process industries. It provides details on how HAZOP studies work, including forming a HAZOP team, identifying system elements and parameters, considering potential deviations, and identifying hazards. It also discusses QRA methodology which includes hazard identification, scenario selection, frequency and consequence estimation. The document emphasizes the importance of HAZOP and QRA studies in identifying risks and improving safety.
This document discusses different types of absorbers used in industrial processes including packed towers, tray towers, spray towers, ventury scrubbers, shell and tube absorbers, falling film absorbers, graphite cube absorbers, and gas-liquid reactors. These absorbers use contact between a gas and liquid to transfer mass or heat.
Cleaner production is a concept that encompasses many of the operational practicalities of best environmental practices on a mine site. It aims at maximizing resource usage and operational efficiency during the production of minerals.
Many universities now offer freshman, sophomore, and junior courses in both introductory computing and numerical methods. In addition, many of our colleagues are integrating computer-oriented problems into other courses at all levels of the curriculum. Thus, this new edition is still founded on the basic premise that student engineers should be provided with a strong and early introduction to numerical methods. Consequently, although we have
expanded our coverage in the new edition, we have tried to maintain many of the features that made the first edition accessible to both lower- and upper-level undergraduates.
The document discusses linear programming, including an overview of the topic, model formulation, graphical solutions, and irregular problem types. It provides examples to demonstrate how to set up linear programming models for maximization and minimization problems, interpret feasible regions, identify optimal solutions, and address multiple optimal solutions, infeasible solutions, and unbounded solutions. The examples aid in understanding the key steps and components involved in linear programming model formulation and graphical solution methods.
The document describes an optimization problem for a refinery to maximize profit by processing different amounts of four types of crude oil available in its tank farm. The objective is to determine the optimal proportions of each crude oil to process while satisfying constraints on crude availability, product market demands, and non-negativity. The problem is formulated as a linear program with an objective function that calculates profit for each crude oil based on product yields and sales prices, and with constraints defined for crude availability, product demands, and non-negativity of crude amounts. The problem will be solved using an Excel solver to determine the optimal amounts of each crude oil to process.
4. Why ETP plant is required ?
ETP (Effluent Treatment Plant) is a process design for treating the industrial
waste water for its reuse or safe disposal to the environment. Removal of
high amounts of organic compounds debris, dirt, grit, pollution, toxic, non-toxic
materials and polymers etc. from industrial effluent
How may ETP plants are there ?
1. Effluent Treatment Plants (ETP)
2. Sewage Treatment Plants (STP)
3. Common and Combined Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP).
Benefits :
Provides clean, safe water processed..... Reuse of water.
Saving you money. ...
Beneficial to the environment. ...
Saving water. ...
A way to minimise waste
Objective of Effluent Treatment
5. Treatment Levels :
Primary
o Example: pH control, coagulation, chemical precipitation and oxidation.
Secondary
o Biological process ( Activation sludge process/ Membrane bioreactor
/Moving Bed biofilm reactor)
Tertiary
o Disinfection using Sodium hypochlorite
Treatment Mechanisms :
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Treatment Level & Mechanism of ETP
6. Characteristics of Influent Fertiliser Industry
Waste water Generated from Sulphuric acid plant :
Waste heat boiler blowdown , acidic waste water from spillage , leakage of plant and equipment.
Waste water generated from Single Superphosphate plant :
Effluent bearing phosphate , fluoride , suspended soild, Low PH from scrubber and nearby surface drains.
Waste water generated from DAP/NPK plant:
Waste water from draining and washing of equipment containing phosphate , fluoride and low PH
Others cooling tower , boiler blowdown utility effluent high TDS
Waste water generated from phosphoric acid plant:
Gypsum pond water containing high phosphate and fluoride
Waste water generated from ammonia , urea plant:
Ammoniacal Nirogen , Total Nitrogen , kjeldahl Nirogen , Nitrate Nirogen etc process condensate .
7. ETP Process & Block diagram –Phosphate &
Fluoride removal
Equalisation
Tank
FM-1 FM-2 FM-3
Clarifier
Sludge
Drying Bed
DM plant regeneration & RO reject
Cooling tower & boiler blowdown
&Sulphuric acid plant floor wash
,
DAP/ SSP Plant
wash water
Sludge
Thickener
Semi Solid Sludge
disposed to WBWML,
TSDF facility
Overflow
PSF
Treated effluent
discharge to drain
Underflow
Polyelectrolyte
ETP sludge
Flter liquor of
ETP Sludge
ETP operation is physicochemical
process to remove phosphate and
fluoride
In FM 1, dry lime is added to maintain
pH of the solution (12 -12.5) .Phosphate
and fluoride is removed as precipitate of
calcium phosphate and calcium fluoride
in FM 2 alum solution is added to
maintain pH 10-10.5 . At pH
10.5, rate of reverse reaction
Ca+F2 CaF2 decreases.
Hydrochloric acid is added in FM3
to maintain pH discharge limit
( 6.5-8.5)
Polyelectrolyte is added in FM3
overflow to Clarifier for settling of
sludge.
The wet solid sludge collected is
sent to WBWML, a TSDF Facility.
Polyelectrolyte
Polyelectrolyte
HCL
Alum Solution
FM – Flash Mixture
PSF-Pressure Sand Filter
STP- Sewage treatment
plant
Dry lime
/lime
Soln
Partially use in DAP&
SSP plant
9. Improvement based on treatability study
Sl No Area of
Improvement
As Design Improvement over design
1 FM#1 (Flash Mixer) Lime solution
addition system &
maintain pH 12.0 –
12.5 manually.
Dry lime addition system with screw conveyor fitted with VVF
drive & on-line pH measuring device to control process.
2 FM#2 (Flash Mixer) Alum solution
addition to maintain
pH 7.5 – 8.5
manually.
Control valve along with flow meter provided at feed line to auto
control pH and range changes to 10.0 – 10.5.
3 FM#3 (Flash Mixer) Poly electrolyte
addition by metering
pump inside clarifier.
HCl dosing to control pH at 6.5 – 8.5 with auto dosing facilities.
Poly electrolyte added to O’flow of FM3
4 Online analyser
Installation
PH, fluoride, BOD, COD, TSS parameter measuring analyser
5 Pump tripping with
high discharge value
- Final dischrage pump tripping logic with high value than
permissible limit
6 Display of all
parameters of
discharge in ETP
Plant & Alarm/Hooter
system
- Final discharge all parameters are displayed in plant for better
monitoring. Alarm /hooter system installed in case of any
sudden rise of any parameter in final discharge
7 ETP Sludge handling Mix with Gypsum Construction of sludge drying bed
10. ETP Discharge Norms
Sl No Pollutants
Prescribed Standards
(Consent Limits)
1 pH Between 6.5 - 8.5
2 TSS Not exceed 100 mg/L
3 BOD Not exceed 30 mg/L
4 COD Not exceed 250 mg/L
5 Oil & Grease Not exceed 10 mg/L
6 Phosphate Not exceed 5 mg/L
7 Fluorides Not exceed 10 mg/L
8
Ammonical
Nitrogen as N
Not exceed 50 mg/L
9
Kjeldhal
Nitrogen as N
Not to exceed 75 mg/L
10
Free Ammonical
Nitrogen as N
Not to exceed 4 mg/L
11. Domestic Process Flow Diagram
Domestic
Receiving Tank
Aeration Tank
Domestic
Clarifier
Up-flow
Filter
Sludge drying
bed
Dom.
Treated
water
sump Dom.
PSF
Dom. Treated
water dis.
sump
Domestic sludge
tr. pump
NaOCl
Urea + DAP
To final discharge
Sewage input from toilet ,
canteen waste water