This document summarizes a dissertation on evaluating the effectiveness of toxin binders in reducing aflatoxin levels in buffalo milk. The study involved 48 buffaloes divided into 4 groups - a control group and 3 treatment groups fed different toxin binders (Exal + Bentonite, Talc, and China clay). Milk was collected from each group over 45 days and analyzed for proteins, lactose, fat, and SNF. The results showed the Talc and Exal + Bentonite groups had higher milk yields and no significant variation in milk composition compared to the control. The dissertation concludes these two binders were most effective at binding aflatoxins.

1. -SAILEE GURAV
MSC.BIOCHEMISTRY
PROJECT CO - GUIDE
DR. SHAILESH . D. INGOLE
DISSERTATION DONE AT
BOMBAY VETERINARY
COLLEGE,PAREL,MUMBAI
1

2.  Introduction
 Review of Literature
 Aims and Objective
 Signification of Research problems
 Plan of work
 Material and Methods
 Result and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Bibliography
2

3. AFLATOXIN
3

4. 4

5. Bentonite
Activated
charcoalZeolite
5

6. Aflatoxin
Toxin Binder
6
HOW DOES TOXIN BINDER BINDS
AFLATOXIN?

7. 7
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING THE
”BEST“ TOXIN BINDER
Toxin
binders

8.  Michal Hulik et al.,(2014) studied effect of
mycotoxin sequestering agents added into feed
on health, reproduction and milk yield of dairy
cattle.
 R. Dokovic et al.,(2011) studied effect of zeolite
on the chemical composition of milk from
Serbian spotted dairy cattle.
 Battacone et al., (2009) studied the transfer of
aflatoxin M1 in milk of ewes fed diet naturally
contaminated by aflatoxins and effect of
inclusion of dried yeast culture in the diet.
8

9.  AIM: To evaluate proteins, lactose, fat, SNF in milk
of buffalo and milk yield up to 45 days in control
and treatment groups fed with and without Toxin
Binders.
 OBJECTIVES:
To compare the levels of fat,lactose,SNF,proteins in
milk of buffaloes and milk yield between control
and treatment groups.
9

10.  Aflatoxins a major concern
 Hepatocellular carcinoma, is the third-leading
cause of death
10

11.  In addition to health problems aflatoxins
affects nutritional value of milk
 Role of toxin binders
 Aflatoxins cannot be
removed through pasteurization
11

12. Milk collection 0-45 days
Milk analysis done using Lactoscan
Animals divided in 4 groups
Control T1 T2 T3
Research done at Bombay Veterinary College, Physiology Department
Study conducted on 48 Murrah buffaloes
12

13. 13
48 Murrah
Buffaloes
Napier
Grass
Dry
fodder
CONTROL
GROUP
T1
Exal + Bentonite
T2
Talc
T3
Chinal clay
TEST GROUP
T1,T2,T3
Collection of
Buffalo Milk
samples
Toxin Binders

14. 14

15. 15

16. Days C T1 T2 T3
0 8.97 10.03 7.83 8.76
7 8.33 8.72 8.56 8.58
8 9.15 9.4 8.3 8.5
9 8.97 10.03 7.83 8.76
10 8.58 10.35 8.8 8.55
11 8.33 8.72 8.56 8.58
12 8.45 8.03 8.22 8.41
13 8.56 8.39 7.51 7.98
14 8.52 8.63 8.24 8.03
15 8.31 8.22 8.12 8.47
21 9.5 9.12 9.02 9.57
28 11.15 9.76 9.54 9.96
35 9.69 9.9 8.6 9.41
45 8.52 8.63 8.1 8.03
Means 8.93ª 9.13ª 8.37b 8.68ab
16
a- Same
b-Difference

17. 8.93
9.13
8.37
8.68
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
MILKFAT%
DAYS
CONTROL
T1
T2
T3
T1 T2 T3
17
CONTROL

18. Days C T1 T2 T3
0 4.75 4.75 4.45 4.4
7 4.55 4.55 4.5 4.4
8 4.5 4.4 4.65 4.45
9 3.63 4.09 3.97 3.6
10 3.73 4.35 4.45 4.4
11 4.05 4.04 4.06 4.08
12 4.05 4.08 3.95 3.97
13 3.94 4.07 3.97 4.06
14 3.88 3.97 4.02 3.99
15 3.87 3.51 3.87 3.9
21 4.1 3.97 3.93 3.92
28 4 3.96 3.98 4.11
35 3.88 3.99 3.79 3.81
45 3.78 3.94 3.68 3.95
Means 4.05 4.11 4.09 4.07
18

19. 4.05
4.11
4.09
4.07
4.02
4.04
4.06
4.08
4.1
4.12
MILKPROTEIN%
DAYS
CONTROL
T1
T2
T3
19
CONTROL T1 T2 T3

20. Days C T1 T2 T3
0 9.82 11.2 10.55 9.81
7 10.7 10.65 10.7 10.75
8 10.1 10.3 9.5 10.5
9 9.82 11.2 9.55 9.76
10 10.15 10.7 10.1 11.2
11 10.7 10.65 10.7 10.75
12 10.7 10.75 10.55 10.55
13 11.1 10.7 10.55 10.75
14 10.85 10.55 10.65 10.6
15 10.4 10.65 10.55 10.4
21 10.55 9.99 10.5 10.75
28 11.75 10.5 10.11 11.08
35 10.58 10.4 10.01 10.95
45 10.35 10.55 10.65 10.23
Means 10.54 10.62 10.33 10.57
20

21. 10.54
10.62
10.33
10.57
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
MILKSNF%
DAYS
CONTROL
T1
T2
T3
21
CONTROL T1 T2 T3

22. Days C T1 T2 T3
0 6.2 6.6 6.35 6.1
7 5.7 6.55 6.45 5.75
8 4.5 5.3 5.7 5.2
9 4.45 4.5 4.7 5.05
10 4.8 4.5 4.45 5.45
11 4.45 4.45 4.35 4.35
12 4.45 4.7 4.65 4.4
13 5.85 5.65 5.6 5.65
14 5.75 5.2 5.25 5.35
15 5.3 5.9 5.5 5.2
21 4.2 4.65 4.9 4.95
28 4.9 5.75 4.95 4.95
35 4.35 4.2 4.45 4.4
45 4.7 4.55 4.95 4.75
Means 4.97 5.17 5.16 5.11
AVERAGE MILK LACTOSE
22

23. 4.97
5.17 5.16
5.11
4.85
4.9
4.95
5
5.05
5.1
5.15
5.2
MILKLACTOSE%
DAYS
CONTROL
T1
T2
T3
23
CONTROL T1 T3T2

24. 24

25. Day T1 T2 T3 C
AVERAGE MILK YIELD OF BUFFALOES
25

26. 8.35
9.47
11.41
8.62
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
MILKYIELDINLITERS
DAYS
CONTROL
T1
T2
T3
26
CONTROL T1 T2 T3

27.  Lower milk yield in C & T3 groups and higher
in T2 & T1groups
 Talc and exal + bentonite proved to be best
toxin binders
 Protein, SNF and lactose concentration did
not vary with the treatments
27

28.  E Smith, T D Phillips, J A Ellis, R B Harvey, L F Kubena, J Thompson and G
Newton (1994) Dietary Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate Reduction
of Aflatoxin M, Residue in Dairy Goat Milk and Effects on Milk Production and
Components. J ANIM SCI 1994, 72:677-682.
 Battacone, G., A. Nudda, A. Cannas, A. Cappio Borlino, G. Bomboi and G.
Pulina (2003) Excretion of aflatoxin M1 in milk of dairy ewes treated with
different doses of aflatoxin B1. J. Dairy Sci. 86:2667–2675.
 G. Battacone, A. Nudda, M. Palomba, M. Pascale, P. Nicolussi, and G. Pulina
(2005).Transfer of Aflatoxin B1 from Feed to Milk and from Milk to Curd and
Whey in Dairy Sheep Fed Artificially Contaminated Concentrates. J. Dairy Sci.
88:3063–3069
 Razzagh Mahmoudi (2014).Seasonal pattern of aflatoxin M1 contamination in
buffalo Milk. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies 2014,
20(1), 9-13.
 Melkamu Bezabih Yitbarek and Birhan Tamir (2014).Mycotoxines and/or
aflatoxines in milk and milk products: Review. International Journal of
Agricultural Sciences ISSN 2167-0447 Vol. 4 (10), pp. 294-311.
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