The document discusses the evolution of educational technology through different views and stages. It defines educational technology as the application of scientific principles and engineering methods to education. The three views of ET are: 1) use of hardware for instruction, 2) application of software/scientific principles to instruction, and 3) use of a systems approach incorporating both hardware and software. It outlines the key stages of development of ET and modern concepts involving online learning, AI, VR and other digital technologies.

1. Submitted to
:
Submitted by
:
Dr. G.P
Sati

2. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1 (ET 1)
THE FIRST VIEW WHICH MAY CALL EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1
(ET 1) REFERS TO THE APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY TO PROVIDE MECHANICAL
INSTRUMENTS OR “HARDWARE” WHICH CAN BE USED FOR
INSTRUCTIONAL PURPOSES. THIS IS THE VIEW OF JAMES O. FINN
AND OTHERS (1960). E.G. TAPE-RECORDERS (INCLUDING
LANGUAGE LABORATORY), TELEVISION, TEACHING MACHINES
AND COMPUTER- BASED TEACHING.
4

3. 5
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2 (ET
2)
THE SECOND VIEW WHICH WE MAY CALL EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY 2 (ET 2) REFERS TO THE APPLICATION OF
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES OR „SOFTWARE APPROACH‟ TO
INSTRUCTION. THIS IS THE VIEW OF SKINNER, GAGNE AND
OTHERS.

4. 6
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 3 (ET 3)
THE THIRD AND THE MODERN VIEW OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY 3 (ET 3) AS DESCRIBED BY DAVIS AND HARTLEY
(1972), INCORPORATES BOTH ET 1 AND ET 2 THROUGH THE
APPLICATION OF A „SYSTEM APPROACH‟ TO EDUCATION AND
TRAINING

5. 7
“EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY MAY BE DEFINED AS THE
APPLICATION OF THE LAWS AS WELL AS RECENT DISCOVERIES
OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TO THE PROCESS OF
EDUCATION”.
-S.S. KULKARNI

6. 8
“EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IS THE APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC
PROCESS TO MAN’S LEARNING CONDITIONS”.
-ROBERT A. COX
“EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IS AN APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC
KNOWLEDGE ABOUT LEARNING TO PRACTICAL LEARNING
SITUATION.”
-J. BLOOMER

7. KNOWLEDGE
.
ET HAS CONTRIBUTED IN DEVELOPING VARIOUS METHODS
E.G. MICROTEACHING METHOD, INTERACTION ANALYSIS,
AUDIO VISUAL AIDS AND PROGRAMMED LEARNING METHOD.
IN THE FIELD OF ET, PSYCHOLOGY, SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEM, ART, AV AIDS AND MACHINES ARE
USED.
IT IS BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC
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8. 1
0
IT IS HELPFUL IN MAKING THE TEACHING PROCESS
IT IS A CONTINUOUS DYNAMIC TECHNOLOGY.
IT IS AN IMPORTANT MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION.
A DESIRED CHANGE IS POSSIBLE IN THE BEHAVIOUR OF
TEACHERS AND STUDENTS.
OBJECTIVE, EASY, CLEAR, INTERESTING AND SCIENTIFIC.

9. 1
1
TECHNOLOGY
”
PROGRAMMED
LEARNING
TAXONOMY
1950- B.F SKINNER‟S
B.S BLOOM (1956) WAS INTRODUCED THE
SIDNEY PRESSEY OF A UNIVERSITY IN OHIO, AMERICA WHO
USED A TEACHING MACHINE IN THE FIELD OF TEACHING IN
1926
1930-40 LUMSDAIN AND GLASER- MECHANIZED EDUCATION
1950- BRYN MORE IN ENGLAND THE TERM
(MODELS OF
TEACHING)
“EDUCATIONA
L

10. I
N
1960 FLANDERS
BY O.K MOORE IN 1966
INTRODUCED BY KELLER IN 1965
INTRODUCE
D
THE CONCEPT
WAS DEVELOPED
12
O
F
MICRO-TEACHING TECHNIQUE FIRST ADOPTED AT STANFORD
UNIVERSITY IN USA (1961) BY W.ALLEN ET.AL
PERSONALIZED SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION (PSI) WAS FIRST
INTERACTION ANALYSIS MODEL OF
TEACHING
COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI)

12. 1
4
IT REFERS TO THE APPLICATION OF BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
LIKE PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATIONAL THEORIES AND
PRACTICAL TEACHING –LEARNING PROBLEMS, INSTRUCTION
AND MOTIVATION ETC

13. IN GENERAL, FOLLOWING TECHNIQUES ARE INCLUDED IN
ANALYSIS OF INSTRUCTIONAL PROBLEMS.
SELECTION OF INSTRUMENTS FOR EVALUATION
SELECTION OF STRATEGIES TO OBTAIN DESIRED RESULT
FROM THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS.
TEACHER BEHAVIOUR.
PROGRAMMED LEARNING.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS.
15
TECHNOLOGY OF EDUCATION

14. 1
6
TECHNOLOGY I
N
EDUCATIO
N
IMPLIES THE USE
UNDER TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION WE INCLUDE
ELECTRONIC MEDIA PROJECTOR, FILM, RADIO, T.V, TEACHING
MACHINE, COMPUTER AND INTERNET ETC.
O
F
IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS AND MACHINES IN
EDUCATION

15. TECHNOLOGY
OF
EDUCATION
VS
TECHNOLOGY
IN
EDUCATION
TECHNOLOGY OF
EDUCATION
TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION
IT IS BASED ON CHILD PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY
(AGE, ABILITY PHYSICAL SCIENCES OR AND MENTAL
LEVEL) ENGINEERING
SCIENCES
ITS APPROACH IS
ITS APPROACH IS
IDENTIFIED AS
IDENTIFIED AS SOFTWARE
HARDWARE APPROACH.
APPROACH.
TEXT BOOKS, WORK TV, RADIO, SLIDE
BOOKS, NEWSPAPER ETC. PROJECTOR,
COMPUTER, OHP ETC
IT IS RELATED TO LEARNING IT IS RELATED TO 17 AIDS
TEACHING AIDS
IN IS BASED ON THE

16. 1STSTAGE THEFIRSTSTAGEOFEDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGYISCOUPLEDWITHTHEUSE OF
AIDS LIKE CHARTS, MAPS, SYMBOLS, MODELS, SPECIMENS AND CONCRETE MATERIAL
2NDSTAGE THESECONDSTAGEOFEDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGYISASSOCIATEDWITH
THE ‘ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION’ WITH THE INTRODUCTION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
SOPHISTICATED HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
3RDSTAGE THETHIRDSTAGEOFEDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGYISLINKEDWITHTHE
DEVELOPMENT OF MASS MEDIA WHICH IN TURN LED TO ‘COMMUNICATION REVOLUTION’
FOR INSTRUCTIONAL PURPOSES
4THSTAGE THEFOURTHSTAGEOFEDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGYISDISCERNIBLEBYTHE
INDIVIDUALIZED PROCESS OF INSTRUCTION
LATESTSTAGE. THELATESTCONCEPTOFEDUCATIONALTECHNOLOGYIS
INFLUENCED BY THE CONCEPT OF SYSTEM ENGINEERING OR SYSTEM APPROA 18CH,
ACCORDING TO IT, EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IS A SYSTEMATIC WAY OF DESIGNING,
CARRYING OUT AND EVALUATING THE TOTAL PROCESS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN

17. 2
0
ONLINE EDUCATION
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
PERSONALISED LEARNING
AI BASED PERSONALIZED ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL
VIRTUAL REALITY (VR) IN EDUCATION
GAMIFICATION
BLENDED LEARNING
DIGITAL AND COMPREHENSIVE ONLINE ASSESSMENT

18. 2
1

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2

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3

21. 2
4

22. 2
5

23. 2
6

24. 2
7

25. 2
8

26. 2
9

27. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IS A MULTIFACETED
AND INTEGRATED PROCESS INVOLVING PEOPLE,
PROCEDURE, IDEAS, DEVICES, AND
ORGANIZATION, WHERE TECHNOLOGY FROM
DIFFERENT FIELDS OF SCIENCE IS BORROWED AS
PER THE NEED AND REQUIREMENT OF
EDUCATION FOR IMPLEMENTING, EVALUATING,
AND MANAGING SOLUTIONS TO THOSE
PROBLEMS INVOLVED IN ALL ASPECTS OF
HUMAN LEARNING 3
0
CONCLUSION