This document discusses the history and concepts of educational technology and information and communication technology (ICT). It defines technology as tools, equipment, and processes used to perform tasks efficiently. Educational technology refers to selecting, developing, managing and using appropriate technological processes and resources for teaching and learning. The document outlines five domains of technology: design, development, utilization, evaluation, and management. It then discusses the history of technology from the Stone Age through modern periods, and five stages of educational technology development. Finally, it addresses the history of ICT in education through five phases of computer use from the 1970s to present.

1. TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING
AND LEARNING 2

2. DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF
TECHNOLOGY
Technology as the use of gadgets, tools, or
equipment to perform a task expediently and
efficiently.
- It is the knowing, making, modifying, and
using of tools, machine, techniques, crafts,
systems, and methods of organization in order
to solve a problem, improve a pre-existing
solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an
applied input/output relation or perform a
specific function.

3. Technology as the collection of tools, including
machinery, modifications, arrangements, and
procedures
-This refers to reliable devices that enable one to
make presentations repeatedly.

4. Other gadgets as technology.
- Some people need to use gadgets or tools to
perform home chores faster like washing
machine, rice cooker, hair blower, electric fan
etc.

5. The Teacher as a technology
-Most important technology asset is the
teacher.

6. CONCEPTS OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
Educational technology as the selection,
development, managing and use of appropriate
technological processes and resources.
Educational technology as the choice of
appropriate principles in the preparation and
utilization of conventional and non-conventional
technology tools as well as traditional and
alternative teaching strategies.

7. 5 DOMAINS OF TECHNOLOGY
Design
Development
Utilization
Evaluation
Management

8. DOMAIN 1: DESIGN
Establishing a framework to guide in
planning the educational technology.
The theory and practice of design includes
instructional system design, Instructional
Strategies, and Learner’s Characteristics

9. TECHNOLOGY THEORY
CONSTRUCTIVISM
1. Constructivism provides representation of the
reality. Designing programs can be meaningful
if the learner experienced the activities which
are familiar and real.

10. 2. Constructivism represents the natural
complexity of the real world. Design the life
cycle of a butterfly starting from a worm to a
full-blown butterfly.
3. Constructivism represents authentic tasks
which focus on contextualizing rather than
abstracting. The teacher can design evaluation
tools with the use of samples for very well made
cell phone holder made from beads, satisfactory
made cell phone holder from beads and poorly
made cell phone holder out of beads.

11. 4. Constructivism provides real world case-
based learning environment rather than
predetermined instructional event.
5. Constructivism fosters reflective practice.
6. Constructivism promotes context and
content.

12. DOMAIN 2: DEVELOPMENT
The theory and practice of development of
educational technology includes print
technologies, audio technologies, still visuals,
audio-visual technologies, information and
communication technologies, electronic
technologies, and integrated technologies.

13. DOMAIN 3: UTILIZATION
The Theory and practice on utilization of
educational technology includes media
utilization, implementation, institutionalization
and policies and regulation

14. DOMAIN 4: MANAGEMENT
The theory and practice on management of
educational technology includes project
management, resources management,
management of delivery and diffusion of
innovation.

15. DOMAIN 5: EVALUATION
The theory and practice of evaluation of
educational technology includes problem
analysis, measurement, formative evaluation,
and summative evaluation.

16. TECHNOLOGY FOCUS
The focus on integration of technology will be
on facilitating and enhancing the teaching-
learning episodes undertaken by both the
teachers and the students.

17. TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE
Refers to the ability to use with ease and
confidence the equipment, tools or gadgets
mentioned above.

18. HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

19. STONE AGE
Could be shown by the ignition of fire by
rubbing two stones.
Creation of hand-made weapons,
manufacturing of utensils using stones, and
the use of clothing from animal skin and fur.
Stone-age people also developed canoe-ship
technology which enabled them to travel across
the ocean.

20. BRONZE AGE
Development of agricultural technology
fishing techniques and domesticating animals
Establishment of permanent homes
Developed metal technology using copper
and bronze.

21. IRON AGE
The people made progress by resorting to iron
smelting technology since iron was cheaper
than bronze.
This age was the last period prior to the
discovery of writing.

22. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
DURING THE ANCIENT PERIOD

23. PAUL SAETTLER (2004)
He traced the development of educational
technology during the ancient civilization
Tribal Priest introduced bodies of knowledge
and ancient culture, and introduced sign
writing or pictographs to record or transmit
information.

24. PICTOGRAPHS
A drawing of ideas like house, fruits,
vegetables, events and other thoughts and
ideas.

25. HARAPPAN PEOPLE
Important example of ancient language
development whose writing was described
as pictographic script.

26. CHINESE CIVILIZATION
Contributed technology like paper,
seismological detectors, toilet paper, matches,
wheelbarrow, parachute, natural gas as fuel,
map and gun powder.

27. EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE
One of the longest, surviving, and used
languages in the world. Their script was made
up of pictures of the real things like birds,
animals, different tools etc.

28. HIEROGLYPH
These are the pictures found in Egyptian
languages.
There are about 500 hieroglyphs which are
known as hieroglyphics

29. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
DURING MEDIEVAL AND MODERN
PERIOD

30. Development of printing technology
Invention of printing press took place in
approximately 1450 AD by Johannes Gutenberg
Educational technology was associated with
simple aids like charts and pictures.
In 1873, educational technology paved its
way to be known as audio-visual education

31. MARIA MONTESSORI
Renowned child educator
Introduced Montessori Method

32. MONTESSORI METHOD
A graded designed activities to provide for the
proper sequencing of subject matter for each
individual learner.

33. CHARLES BABBAGE
He designed a general-purpose computing
device that laid the foundation of the modern
computer in 1883.

34. GERMANY
Where the first practical use of regular
television broadcast happened.
BERLIN
Where the Olympic games in 1936 were
shown on television.

35. In 1950, open circuit television began to
broadcast entertainment.
In 1960, television was used in education.
In 1966, O.K Moore developed a talking
type tutorial Computer Assisted Instruction
(CAI).
Since 1974, computers are used in
schools, colleges, and universities.

36. BRITISH BROADCASTING
CORPORATION
Started school broadcast in 1920.

37. BENJAMIN BLOOM
In 1956, he Introduced the taxonomy of
educational objectives.

38. Educational technology begun in 1960 from
America, to Russia and now it has reached to
England, Europe, and India.

39. MICRO TEACHING TECHNIQUE
Was first adopted by Dwayne and his co-
workers at Stanford University in USA.
ELECTRONICS
Is the main technology being developed in
the beginning of the 21st century.

40. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
It is the used of technology which is based on
the specific needs and requirements of
education to address education-related
problems to facilitate the implementation and
evaluation of human learning.

41. 5 STAGES OF EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY

42. STAGE 1
Associated with the use of aids like charts,
maps, symbols, models, specimens and concrete
materials.
Educational Technology referred to audio-
visual aids.

43. STAGE 2
Refers to the introduction of electronics
through the sophisticated hardware and
software.
Use of varied audio-visual gadgets like
projector, tape recorder, radio and
television.

44. STAGE 3
Revolved around the use of communication
enhancement equipment to promote mass
media for instructional purposes. Computer-
Assisted Instruction (CAI) became an important
component of instruction.

45. STAGE 4
Exemplified individualized teaching and
learning with the used of programmed learning
and programmed instruction.

46. STAGE 5
 Latest concept of educational technology
which is influenced by the concept of system
engineering or system approach which focuses
on language laboratories, teaching machines,
programmed instruction and the use of
computer in instruction.

47. HISTORY OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY IN
EDUCATION

48. INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
(ICT)
UNESCO described ICT as a tool and
processes in accessing, retrieving, storing,
organizing, manipulating, producing,
presenting, and exchanging information by
electronic and other automated means.

49. 5 PHASES OF USING COMPUTERS IN
EDUCATION

50. LATE 1970’S-EARLY 1980’S
Programming, drills, and practices
Computers begun to use in schools.
In early 1980’s, teachers taught ADP
(automated data processing) through the use of
Nokia MikroMikko.

51. LATE 1980’S- EARLY 1990’S
Computer-based training (CBT) with
multimedia
Golden era of CD-ROMs and multimedia
computers
Multimedia computers with advance graphics
and sound came to market.

52. EARLY 1990’S
Internet-based learning (IBL)
Third wave of using computers in education
came with the adoption of World Wide Web.

53. LATE 1990’S-EARLY 2000
E-learning
Improvements were made on the internet-
based training in the form of e-learning.

54. LATE 2000
Social software + free and open content
Blogs and wikis that are easily accessible even
editable for sharing of ideas