This document provides an overview of banking concepts including:
- Money is anything that serves as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value. It discusses the three uses and six characteristics of money.
- Early American banking changed dramatically in the 1700s-1800s from state-chartered banks to the creation of the First and Second Bank of the United States. The National Banking Acts of the 1860s established federal oversight of banks.
- Modern banking includes commercial banks, savings institutions, credit unions, and other financial institutions. Banks make profits through interest on loans and fees. Electronic banking has increased through ATMs, debit cards, online banking, and more.
Digital 2022: Ethiopia
This page contains all the data, insights, and trends you need to help you understand how people in Ethiopia use connected devices and services in 2022.
You’ll find our complete Digital 2022 report on Ethiopia in the “full report” section below, but let’s start by taking a look at the essential headlines for digital adoption and use in Ethiopia this year.
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Ethiopia’s population in 2022
Ethiopia’s total population was 119.3 million in January 2022.
Data show that Ethiopia’s population increased by 2.9 million (+2.5 percent) between 2021 and 2022.
50.0 percent of Ethiopia’s population is female, while 50.0 percent of the population is male.
At the start of 2022, 22.7 percent of Ethiopia’s population lived in urban centres, while 77.3 percent lived in rural areas.
Note: gender data are currently only available for “female” and “male”.
Ethiopia’s population by age
The median age of the population in Ethiopia is 19.9.
For additional context, here’s a look at how the population in Ethiopia breaks down by age group:
• 14.3 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 0 and 4.
• 20.3 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 5 and 12.
• 11.3 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 13 and 17.
• 14.5 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 18 and 24.
• 15.5 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 25 and 34.
• 10.0 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 35 and 44.
• 6.5 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 45 and 54.
• 4.0 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 55 and 64.
• 3.6 percent of Ethiopia’s population is aged 65 and above.
Note: percentages may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
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Internet use in Ethiopia in 2022
There were 29.83 million internet users in Ethiopia in January 2022.
Ethiopia’s internet penetration rate stood at 25.0 percent of the total population at the start of 2022.
Kepios analysis indicates that internet users in Ethiopia increased by 731 thousand (+2.5 percent) between 2021 and 2022.
For perspective, these user figures reveal that 89.50 million people in Ethiopia did not use the internet at the start of 2022, meaning that 75.0 percent of the population remained offline at the beginning of the year.
However, issues relating to COVID-19 continue to impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be higher than these published numbers suggest (see here for further details).
For the latest insights into internet adoption and use around the world, follow our regular Global Statshot reports.
Go global: see how Ethiopia’s current “state of digital” compares with connectivity in other countries by reading our flagship Digital 2022 Global Overview Report, which includes hundreds of slides of global digital data, and our in-depth analysis of what these numbers might mean for you.
Internet connection speeds in Ethiopia in 2022
Data
Economy of money, banking, and finance EuroMAC_Ch11.pptxetebarkhmichale
The 5 C's of leadership are:
1. Communication: Effective leaders are skilled communicators who can convey their ideas clearly, listen actively, and foster open dialogue among team members.
2. Confidence: Strong leaders have confidence in themselves, their abilities, and their decisions. They inspire trust and instill confidence in others through their demeanor and actions.
3. Commitment: Leaders demonstrate commitment to their goals, vision, and values. They are dedicated to the success of their team or organization and are willing to put in the necessary effort and resources to achieve it.
4. Creativity: Successful leaders are innovative and adaptable, able to think outside the box and find creative solutions to challenges. They encourage creativity and embrace new ideas and perspectives.
5. Character: Leaders with strong character possess integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior. They lead by example, earning respect and trust from their followers through their actions and moral principles.The 5 C's of leadership are:
1. Communication: Effective leaders are skilled communicators who can convey their ideas clearly, listen actively, and foster open dialogue among team members.
2. Confidence: Strong leaders have confidence in themselves, their abilities, and their decisions. They inspire trust and instill confidence in others through their demeanor and actions.
3. Commitment: Leaders demonstrate commitment to their goals, vision, and values. They are dedicated to the success of their team or organization and are willing to put in the necessary effort and resources to achieve it.
4. Creativity: Successful leaders are innovative and adaptable, able to think outside the box and find creative solutions to challenges. They encourage creativity and embrace new ideas and perspectives.
5. Character: Leaders with strong character possess integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior. They lead by example, earning respect and trust from their followers through their actions and moral principles.
Economics project for class 12 on money and banking. it explains all the functions about RBI and includes everything needed to achieve good marks in project work.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture focuses on (US-centric) monetary policy.
Digital 2022: Ethiopia
This page contains all the data, insights, and trends you need to help you understand how people in Ethiopia use connected devices and services in 2022.
You’ll find our complete Digital 2022 report on Ethiopia in the “full report” section below, but let’s start by taking a look at the essential headlines for digital adoption and use in Ethiopia this year.
ADVERTISEMENT
Ethiopia’s population in 2022
Ethiopia’s total population was 119.3 million in January 2022.
Data show that Ethiopia’s population increased by 2.9 million (+2.5 percent) between 2021 and 2022.
50.0 percent of Ethiopia’s population is female, while 50.0 percent of the population is male.
At the start of 2022, 22.7 percent of Ethiopia’s population lived in urban centres, while 77.3 percent lived in rural areas.
Note: gender data are currently only available for “female” and “male”.
Ethiopia’s population by age
The median age of the population in Ethiopia is 19.9.
For additional context, here’s a look at how the population in Ethiopia breaks down by age group:
• 14.3 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 0 and 4.
• 20.3 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 5 and 12.
• 11.3 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 13 and 17.
• 14.5 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 18 and 24.
• 15.5 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 25 and 34.
• 10.0 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 35 and 44.
• 6.5 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 45 and 54.
• 4.0 percent of Ethiopia’s population is between the ages of 55 and 64.
• 3.6 percent of Ethiopia’s population is aged 65 and above.
Note: percentages may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
ADVERTISEMENT
Internet use in Ethiopia in 2022
There were 29.83 million internet users in Ethiopia in January 2022.
Ethiopia’s internet penetration rate stood at 25.0 percent of the total population at the start of 2022.
Kepios analysis indicates that internet users in Ethiopia increased by 731 thousand (+2.5 percent) between 2021 and 2022.
For perspective, these user figures reveal that 89.50 million people in Ethiopia did not use the internet at the start of 2022, meaning that 75.0 percent of the population remained offline at the beginning of the year.
However, issues relating to COVID-19 continue to impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be higher than these published numbers suggest (see here for further details).
For the latest insights into internet adoption and use around the world, follow our regular Global Statshot reports.
Go global: see how Ethiopia’s current “state of digital” compares with connectivity in other countries by reading our flagship Digital 2022 Global Overview Report, which includes hundreds of slides of global digital data, and our in-depth analysis of what these numbers might mean for you.
Internet connection speeds in Ethiopia in 2022
Data
Economy of money, banking, and finance EuroMAC_Ch11.pptxetebarkhmichale
The 5 C's of leadership are:
1. Communication: Effective leaders are skilled communicators who can convey their ideas clearly, listen actively, and foster open dialogue among team members.
2. Confidence: Strong leaders have confidence in themselves, their abilities, and their decisions. They inspire trust and instill confidence in others through their demeanor and actions.
3. Commitment: Leaders demonstrate commitment to their goals, vision, and values. They are dedicated to the success of their team or organization and are willing to put in the necessary effort and resources to achieve it.
4. Creativity: Successful leaders are innovative and adaptable, able to think outside the box and find creative solutions to challenges. They encourage creativity and embrace new ideas and perspectives.
5. Character: Leaders with strong character possess integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior. They lead by example, earning respect and trust from their followers through their actions and moral principles.The 5 C's of leadership are:
1. Communication: Effective leaders are skilled communicators who can convey their ideas clearly, listen actively, and foster open dialogue among team members.
2. Confidence: Strong leaders have confidence in themselves, their abilities, and their decisions. They inspire trust and instill confidence in others through their demeanor and actions.
3. Commitment: Leaders demonstrate commitment to their goals, vision, and values. They are dedicated to the success of their team or organization and are willing to put in the necessary effort and resources to achieve it.
4. Creativity: Successful leaders are innovative and adaptable, able to think outside the box and find creative solutions to challenges. They encourage creativity and embrace new ideas and perspectives.
5. Character: Leaders with strong character possess integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior. They lead by example, earning respect and trust from their followers through their actions and moral principles.
Economics project for class 12 on money and banking. it explains all the functions about RBI and includes everything needed to achieve good marks in project work.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate course on Basic Macroeconomics that I taught in the Fall of 2007.
This lecture focuses on (US-centric) monetary policy.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the what'sapp contact of my personal pi vendor
+12349014282
STREETONOMICS: Exploring the Uncharted Territories of Informal Markets throug...sameer shah
Delve into the world of STREETONOMICS, where a team of 7 enthusiasts embarks on a journey to understand unorganized markets. By engaging with a coffee street vendor and crafting questionnaires, this project uncovers valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics in informal settings."
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
+12349014282
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the what's app number of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
+12349014282
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the what'sapp number of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Message: +12349014282 VIA Whatsapp.
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdf
EconCh10.ppt
1. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Money
• What is money?
• What are the three uses of money?
• What are the six characteristics of money?
• What are the sources of money’s value?
2. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Money is anything that serves as a medium of
exchange, a unit of account, and a store of value.
What Is Money?
3. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
The Three Uses of Money
• Money as Medium of Exchange
– A medium of exchange is anything that is used to
determine value during the exchange of goods and
services.
• Money as a Unit of Account
– A unit of account is a means for comparing the
values of goods and services.
• Money as a Store of Value
– A store of value is something that keeps its value if it
is stored rather than used.
4. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
The coins and paper bills used as money in a society are called
currency. A currency must meet the following characteristics:
Durability
Objects used as money must
withstand physical wear and tear.
Portability
People need to be able to take
money with them as they go
about their business.
Divisibility
To be useful, money must be
easily divided into smaller
denominations, or units of value.
Uniformity
Any two units of money must be
uniform, that is, the same, in terms
of what they will buy.
Limited Supply
Money must be available only in
limited quantities.
Acceptability
Everyone must be able to exchange
the money for goods and services.
The Six Characteristics of Money
5. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Commodity Money
• Commodity money
consists of objects
that have value in
themselves.
Representative Money
• Representative
money has value
because the holder
can exchange it for
something else of
value.
Fiat Money
• Fiat money, also
called “legal
tender,” has value
because the
government
decreed that is an
acceptable means
to pay debts.
The Sources of Money’s Value
6. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Want to connect to the PHSchool.com link for this section? Click Here!
Section 1 Assessment
1. Two units of the same type of money must be the same in terms of what they will
buy, that is, they must be
(a) divisible.
(b) portable.
(c) acceptable.
(d) uniform.
2. What is the source of fiat money’s value?
(a) it represents the value of another item
(b) government decree
(c) presidential pardon
(d) it is equal to the value of the stock market
7. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Want to connect to the PHSchool.com link for this section? Click Here!
Section 1 Assessment
1. Two units of the same type of money must be the same in terms of what they will
buy, that is, they must be
(a) divisible.
(b) portable.
(c) acceptable.
(d) uniform.
2. What is the source of fiat money’s value?
(a) it represents the value of another item
(b) government decree
(c) presidential pardon
(d) it is equal to the value of the stock market
8. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
The History of American Banking
• How did American banking change in the 1700s and
1800s?
• How was the banking system stabilized in the late
1800s?
• What developments occurred in banking during the
twentieth century?
9. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Two Views of Banking
American Banking Before the Civil War
• Federalists believed the
country needed a strong
central government to
establish economic and social
order.
• Alexander Hamilton was in
favor of a national bank which
could issue a single currency,
handle federal funds, and
monitor other banks.
• Antifederalists were against a
strong central government
and favored leaving powers in
the hands of the states.
• Thomas Jefferson opposed
the creation of a national
bank, and instead favored
banks created and monitored
by individual states.
10. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Shifts in the Banking System
• The First Bank of the United States
– The first Bank of the United States was created in 1791. The Bank
held tax revenues, helped collect taxes, issued representative money,
and monitored state-chartered banks.
• Chaos in American Banking
– The first Bank lost support and its charter expired in 1811. Different,
state-chartered banks began issuing different currencies.
• The Second Bank of the United States
– The Second Bank was created in 1816 and was responsible for
restoring stability in banking.
• The Free Banking Era
– The Second Bank’s charter was not renewed in 1832, and another
period dominated by state-chartered banks took hold.
11. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Banking Stabilization in the Late 1800s
The National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 gave the federal
government the power to:
1. Charter banks
2. Require banks to hold adequate reserves of silver and gold
3. Issue a single national currency
In 1900, the nation shifted to the gold standard, a monetary system in
which paper money and coins are equal to the value of a certain
amount of gold. The gold standard had two advantages:
1. It set a definite value on the dollar.
2. The government could only issue currency if it had gold in its
treasury to back its notes.
12. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Banking in the Twentieth Century
• The Federal Reserve Act of
1913 created the Federal
Reserve System. The Federal
Reserve System served as the
nation’s first true central bank.
• The Banking Act of 1933
created the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
Today, the FDIC insures
customers’ deposits up to
$100,000. The nation was also
taken off of the gold standard.
13. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Want to connect to the PHSchool.com link for this section? Click Here!
Section 2 Assessment
1. During the Free Banking Era between 1837 and 1863, banking in the United States
was dominated by which of the following?
(a) small, independent banks with no charters
(b) The Bank of the United States
(c) state-chartered banks
(d) savings and loans banks
2. After the Civil War, the National Banking Acts gave the federal government the
power to do all of the following EXCEPT:
(a) insure banks against failure
(b) charter banks
(c) require banks to hold adequate gold and silver reserves
(d) issue a single national currency
14. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Want to connect to the PHSchool.com link for this section? Click Here!
Section 2 Assessment
1. During the Free Banking Era between 1837 and 1863, banking in the United States
was dominated by which of the following?
(a) small, independent banks with no charters
(b) The Bank of the United States
(c) state-chartered banks
(d) savings and loans banks
2. After the Civil War, the National Banking Acts gave the federal government the
power to do all of the following EXCEPT:
(a) insure banks against failure
(b) charter banks
(c) require banks to hold adequate gold and silver reserves
(d) issue a single national currency
15. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Banking Today
• How do economists measure the U.S. money supply?
• What services do banks provide?
• How do banks make a profit?
• What are the different types of financial institutions?
• How has electronic banking affected the banking
world?
16. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Measuring the Money Supply
M1
• M1 consists of assets that
have liquidity, or the ability to
be used as, or easily
converted into, cash.
• Components of M1 include all
currency, traveler’s checks,
and demand deposits.
• Demand deposits are the
money in checking accounts.
M2
• M2 consists of all of the
assets in M1, plus deposits in
savings accounts and money
market mutual funds.
• A money market mutual fund
is a fund that pools money
from small investors to
purchase government or
corporate bonds.
The money supply is all the money available in the
United States economy.
17. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Banking Services
• Banks perform many functions and offer a wide range of
services to consumers.
Storing Money
Banks provide a safe, convenient place for people to store their money.
Credit Cards
Banks issue credit cards — cards entitling their holder to buy goods and
services based on each holder's promise to pay.
Saving Money
Four of the most common options banks offer for saving money are:
1. Savings Accounts 2. Checking Accounts
3. Money Market Accounts 4. Certificates of Deposit (CDs)
Loans
By making loans, banks help new businesses get started, and they help
established businesses grow.
Mortgages
A mortgage is a specific type of loan that is used to purchase real estate.
18. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
BANK
How Banks Make a Profit
Deposits from
customers
Interest from
borrowers
Fees for
services
Money enters bank
Money leaves bank
Interest and
withdrawals to
customers
Money loaned
to borrowers:
• business loans
•
home mort
gages
• personal loans
Bank’s cost of
doing business:
• salaries
• taxes
• other costs
Bank retains
required reserves
How Banks Make a Profit
• The largest source of income for banks is the interest they receive
from customers who have taken loans.
• Interest is the price paid for the use of borrowed money.
19. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Types of Financial Institutions
• Commercial Banks
– Commercial banks offer checking services, accept deposits, and make
loans.
• Savings and Loan Associations
– Savings and Loan Associations were originally chartered to lend
money for home-building in the mid-1800s.
• Savings Banks
– Savings banks traditionally served people who made smaller deposits
and transactions than commercial banks wished to handle.
• Credit Unions
– Credit unions are cooperative lending associations for particular
groups, usually employees of a specific firm or government agency.
• Finance Companies
– Finance companies make installment loans to consumers.
20. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
The role of computers in banking has increased dramatically.
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs)
Customers can use ATMs to deposit money, withdraw cash, and obtain
account information.
Debit Cards
Debit cards are used to withdraw money directly from a checking account.
Automatic Clearing Houses (ACH)
An ACH transfers funds automatically from customers' accounts to
creditors' accounts.
Home Banking
Many banks allow customers to check account balances and make
transfers and payments via computer.
Stored Value Cards
Stored value cards are embedded with magnetic strips or computer chips
with account balance information.
Electronic Banking
21. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Want to connect to the PHSchool.com link for this section? Click Here!
Section 3 Assessment
1. The money supply of the United States is made up of which of the following?
(a) M1
(b) M1 and parts of M2
(c) all the money available in the economy
(d) all the money available in the economy plus money that the country could
borrow
2. Why are funds in checking accounts called demand deposits?
(a) they are available whenever the depositor demands them by writing a check
(b) they are not liquid
(c) they are usually in great demand
(d) they are held without interest by the bank
22. Chapter 10 Section Main Menu
Want to connect to the PHSchool.com link for this section? Click Here!
Section 3 Assessment
1. The money supply of the United States is made up of which of the following?
(a) M1
(b) M1 and parts of M2
(c) all the money available in the economy
(d) all the money available in the economy plus money that the country could
borrow
2. Why are funds in checking accounts called demand deposits?
(a) they are available whenever the depositor demands them by writing a check
(b) they are not liquid
(c) they are usually in great demand
(d) they are held without interest by the bank