The document discusses English for Academic Purposes (EAP), which refers to the language skills needed to study or work in English-medium higher education. The aims of EAP are to enable students to write coherently and provide academic writing practice for students who need to write essays or research reports in English. EAP helps students learn the language needed for their specific academic fields through understanding text structures, identifying language cues, and practicing different types of academic writing.

1. EAPP
English for Academic and Professional
Purposes
EAP - English for Academic Purposes - refers to the
language and associated practices that people need in order
to undertake study or work in English medium higher
education.

2. Aim of EAP / EPP
• To enable students to express themselves
coherently in writing.
• To provide of academic writing and
practice material for students who need to
write researchreports or essays in English.

3. EAP / EPP Tree

4. Letter #1: Before Academic Language Instruction
Dear Mrs. Robbin,
I really not need humanity 20 writing class because since time I come to United State all my
friend speak language. Until now everyone understand me and I dont’ need study language.
I don’t know Vietnam language. I speak only English. I have no communication problem with
my friend in dorm. My English teacher in high school key person to teach me.
My teacher explained to me that how important the book was for the student and persuaded
me read many book. I get A in English through out high school and I never take ESL. I agree
that some student need class but you has not made a correct decision put me in English
class. Please do not makes me lose the face. I have confident in English.

5. Letter #2: After Academic Language Instruction
Hi Robin, I am apologize for having to send you this information at the last minute. I still
need a letter. This letter should discuss my qualifications, skills and accomplishments. It
should be written on letterhead and addressed “To Whom It May Concern” and submitted
with a Recommendation Form (which I will give to you tomorrow).
Please write a letter that addresses my academic achievement, seriousness of purpose,
personal maturity, and whether or not I possess the skills necessary to adapt to a new
environment. Also, please address my ability to think analytically, my aptitude, my overall
maturity and my independence. Thank you so much Robin for doing this for me. I truly
appreciate it. Let me know if you have any last minute questions.

6. Determine the Structure of a Specific Academic Text
Texts are structured in different ways in different subjects, but the majority of reading
that undergraduates do falls into just three categories:
1.An argumentative/thesis structure
2.A problem – solution structure
3.A report structure
The purpose of an argumentative text is to persuade the reader to accept a point of
view, an opinion or perhaps a new truth.
In a way, a problem – solution text also presents an argument and attempts to
persuade the reader that the solutions presented are workable and worth implementing.
A report does not present an argument, but it may still be biased if all the facts are
not presented. It is important to find out whether the facts have been taken from a
credible source.
The following activities will focus on an argumentative structure.

7. A central role of the EAP lecturer or course designer, then, is to find out what the learners need, what they
have to do in their academic work or courses, and help them to do this better in the time available. An
adaptation of Bell (1981, p. 50) provides a useful model to do this (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Course design model

8. 1 The title of the research paper
2 The abstract
3 A presentation of the research problem
INTRODUCTION
4
The purpose of this particular research
paper
5
An overview of the writer’s position,
arguments and/or scope of research
6
A review of past research relevant to this
paper
THE LITERATURE
REVIEWN
7
A description of the methods used to
carry out the research
THE METHODS
SECTION
8 A presentation of the research results
THE RESULTS
SECTION
9
An interpretation and discussion of the
results
THE DISCUSSION
SECTION
10
A summary that ties together the
research and the thesis THE CONCLUSION
11 Recommendations
12 The reference list
The different parts of a common type of research paper are listed below. Put them into the correct order .

9. A problem – solution structure
Signal words provide hints that help you make sense of what you are reading. The
word problem appears in the first paragraph and indicates that the cities in the eastern United States
were crowded and land was expensive. The solution follows the problem and is indicated by the
word solution in the second paragraph. The United States government acquired more land to the west
and people built small towns on this new land.
In the early 1800s, the United States needed room to grow. The problem was most people
lived in the East. The cities were crowded. New land was expensive. Young families couldn’t
afford to buy farms.
Then, as a solution, the United States government purchased land from France. The
government also acquired land from Mexico. Soon the country stretched all the way to the
Pacific Ocean. People looked to the setting sun with outstretched arms and said, “Go west!”
Settlers rode in wagons or on horses. They followed long, dusty trails across hot plains for
thousands of miles. There was no shelter. People slept in tents on the ground. They had to
watch out for wild animals like wolves and snakes. The trip west could take months.
Then a railroad was built that stretched from the East Coast almost to the West Coast. The
railroad made travel faster. More people poured into the new lands. The settlers quickly
built small towns where the farming, fishing, and mining were good.

10. LANGUAGE AND TEXT STRUCTURES ACROSS
DISCIPLINES
1. Mathematical Texts
2. Business Texts
3. Social Science Texts
4. Natural Science Texts
5. Literature and the Arts
From the Common Text Structures comes Language Cues
(jargon words used)