The document discusses various nursing theories, emphasizing their importance in defining nursing as a unique discipline and providing frameworks for practice, communication, and decision-making in healthcare. It reviews several theorists, including Dorothy Johnson and her behavioral system model, while also noting critiques and limitations of these theories. Overall, it highlights the role of nursing theories in guiding nursing practice and understanding patient care within a broader context.

1.  Prepared by : Dr.Anjalatchi Muthukumaran
 vice principal
 Era College of Nursing

2. • Introduction
• Meaning
• Definition
• Concept
• Nursing Theorists and their applications,
- Dorothy Johnson - System model
* concept
* model
* system
* sub system
* principles
* process

3. • Assumption
• Critiques
• limitations
• Example
• Summary
• References

4. • Nursing theories give a plan for reflection in
which to examine a certain direction in where the
plan needs to head.
• As new situations are encountered, this
framework provides an arrangement for
management, investigation and decision-making.
• Nursing theories also administer a structure for
communicating with other nurses and with other
representatives and members of the health care
team.

5. • Nursing theories are organized bodies of
knowledge to define what nursing is, what
nurses do, and why do they do it. Nursing
theories provide a way to define nursing as a
unique discipline that is separate from other
disciplines (e.g., medicine).
• It is a framework of concepts and purposes
intended to guide the practice of nursing at a
more concrete and specific level.

6. • Nursing theory is defined as "a creative and
rigorous structuring of ideas that project a
tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of
phenomena".

7. The nursing metaparadigm consists of :
 The person (Patient)
 The environment
 Health
 Nursing (Goals, Roles Functions)

9. • Dorothy Johnson - System model
• Imogene King - Goal Attainment theory
• Betty Neuman - System model
• Sister Calista Roy - Adaptation theory
• Jean Watson - Philosophy and Caring Model
• Rosemarie Rizzo Parse – Human Becoming
Theory

12. • The person is a behavioral system comprised of
a set of organized, interactive, interdependent,
and integrated subsystems
• Constancy is maintained through biological,
psychological, and sociological factors.
• A steady state is maintained through adjusting
and adapting to internal and external forces.

17. • Affiliative subsystem - social bonds
• Dependency - helping or nuturing
• Ingestive - food intake
• Eliminative - excretion
• Sexual - procreation and gratification
• Aggressive - self-protection and preservation
• Achievement - efforts to gain mastery and
control

67. • Johnson does not clearly interrelate her
concepts of subsystems comprising the
behavioral system model.
• The definition of concept is so abstract that they
are difficult to use.
• It is difficult to test Johnson's model by
development of hypothesis.
• The focus on the behavioral system makes it
difficult for nurses to work with physically
impaired individual to use this theory.

68. • The model is very individual oriented so the
nurses working with the group have difficulty in
its implementation.
• The model is very individual oriented so the
family of the client is only considered as an
environment.
• Johnson does not define the expected outcomes
when one of the system is affected by the
nursing implementation an implicit expectation is
made that all human in all cultures will attain
same outcome –homeostasis.
• Johnson’s behavioral system model is not
flexible.

71.  To apply the system theory
To analyze the health system and behavioral ,
environmental, functional model,
- it does not define the expected outcomes when
one of the system is affected by the nursing
implementation an implicit expectation is made
that all human in all cultures will attain same
outcome

73. • George B. Julia , Nursing Theories- The base
for professional Nursing Practice , 3rd ed.
Norwalk, Appleton and Lange.
• Polit DF, Hungler BP. Nursing Research:
Principles and Methods. Philadelphia: JB
Lippincott Company; 1998.
• Burns N, Grove SK. The practice of Nursing
Research. 4th Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders
Publications; 2001.
• Treece JW, Treece EW. Elements of Research
in Nursing (3rded.). St. Louis: Mosby; 1982.