DONIT TESNIT Guide on moving to 100% Asbestos FREE (CNAF) Gasket Sealing Solutions over Asbestos (CAF) Gaskets) • Donit offers a complete range of Compressed Non – Asbestos gasket sheet materials. • As Donit has been producing CNAF sheets since 1985. • Donit has a knowledge and experience in the field of CNAF for more than 30 years now. • Donit can provide solutions to all kind of sealing applications. • Application engineering & software program (DON PRO) support • Donit offers 100% Certified Asbestos Free (CNAF) Sheets. The document, data and copyright is owned by DONIT Tesnit D.o.o., Slovenia.

1. FROM
COMPRESSED
ASBESTOS
FIBER (CAF) TO
COMPRESSED
NON ASBESTOS
FIBER
MATERIALS
(CNAF)

2. 2 | DONIT® | CAF TO CNAF
DONIT TesnitSealing technologies
As a leader in gaskets, gasket sheets, and advanced
sealing technologies, DONIT Tesnit offers the optimum
solution with a perfect fit for your most challenging
sealing requirements. Backed by decades of excellence
in understanding of sealing problems, extensive know
how in application engineering, and consistent manufac-
turing of reliable high quality products, we are in posi-
tion to respond quickly and efficiently to your inquiry.
WE ARE A TRUE PARTNER FOR YOUR SUCCESS
With a wide experience in problem-solving and un-
shaken commitment to high quality standards, we are
dedicated to provide you the best service and products.
In addition, through customer-driven innovation, our
strong R&D team is qualified to successfully design the
adequate sealing solution.
Our customer satisfaction rests upon four pillars:
• • Complete production chain and international
sales network
• • Quality assurance and safety
• • Application engineering
• • Technical training courses and seminars
THE DONIT PHILOSOPHYV
Our philosophy is based building long-term business
relationship with our customers that extends across
many sectors of industries. Customer satisfaction is
our driving-force which is attained through the constant
supply of reliable and high quality products embracing
product improvement and support.
DONIT gasket support sheets and sealing solutions
are high quality products which have received several
industrial quality approvals. Our products support the
environmental legislation without compromising their
sealing performance.
EMPLOYEES
Over 200 employees dedicated to you:
We strive for permanent professional and personal
growth. We promote teamwork and diversity.
Our international team supports you regardless your
geographical location.
80% - Secondary school / technical school or lower
18% - Bachelor or equivalent
2% - Doctoral or equivalent
CERTIFIED QUALITY
We assure high quality, environmentally friendly products
to our customers. Quality and care for the environment is
embedded in both our minds and our organization.
We also ensure that product quality and safety is
in accordance with a number of widely recognized
international standards such as:
DVGW (DIN 3535-6, VP 401), SVGW (DIN 3535-6),
DVGW KTW, DVGW W270, BAM, WRAS, TA-Luft (VDI
2440), API 6FA / API 607, ABS, Germanischer Lloyd
Care for the environment is
embedded in our tradition.
DONIT Tesnit is certified by
international ISO 9001 and
ISO 14001 standards.

3. CAF TO CNAF | DONIT® | 3
HISTORY
• In the past, materials such as leather, cork, paper and other natural
based materials were used for sealing purposes.
• In 1898 Klinger developped the first calandered material based on
compressed asbestos fibers (CAF) bonded with rubber.
• In 1946 Donit started with the production of CAF sheets.
• In 1981 DONIT started to produce compressed non-asbestos (CNAF)
gasket materials based on aramid and other synthetic fibres.
• In 2001 DONIT comletely stopped producing CAF sheets.
ASBESTOS LIABILITIES
“AT LEAST 4000 PEOPLE IN GREAT BRITAIN DIE EACH YEAR FROM MESOTHELIOMA AND AS-
BESTOS RELATED LUNG CANCER AS A RESULT OF PAST EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS. ANNUAL
NUMBERS OF DEATHS ARE PREDICTED TO GO ON RISING INTO THE NEXT DECADE”
“ACCORDING TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL WORKING GROUP ACTION FUND, 10,000 PEOPLE DIE
EACH YEAR FROM ASBESTOS-CAUSED DISEASES IN THE UNITED STATES, INCLUDING ONE
OUT OF EVERY 125 AMERICAN MEN WHO DIE OVER THE AGE OF 50”
COMPRESSED ASBESTOS SHEET MATERIALS
ASBESTOS FIBERS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Chrysotile, CAS No. 12001-29-5.
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 , which appears as a white fiber.
Serpentine rocks commonly mined throughout the world.
Applications: Chrysotile accounts for about 95% of the asbestos found in buildings.
Corrugated asbestos cement roof sheets → outbuildings, warehouses and garages → thermal insulation and fire
retardant
Sheets or panels → ceilings, walls and floors.
As component → joint compound and plasters.
Chrysotile can be spun and woven → fabrics and braided packings.
Used in brake linings, fire barriers in fuse boxes, pipe insulation, floor tiles, gaskets, and insulating products for high
temperature equipment
COMPRESSED ASBESTOS SHEET MATERIALS

4. 4 | DONIT® | CAF TO CNAF
COMPRESSED ASBESTOS SHEET MATERIALS
CRITICAL RESPIRABLE FIBERS – WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
Asbestos (CAF):
• Fibers 70- 90 %
• Elastomers 10 - 20 %
• Fillers 10 - 20 %
• Chemicals 1 - 2 %
Characteristics :
• Good thermo-mechanical properties (up to 550°C)
• Excellent chemical resistance
• Good thermal insulator
• Asbestos fibers are mined therefor relatively cheap
Further concerns with CAF :
• Health aspect (you have watched the video ! )
• Fibres are not bio-degradable
• Chlorine content → corrosion
• Higher leakage rate ←-→ CNAF
• Bad anti-stick performance
• Cross contamination
• Disposal and recycling
• Legislation issues
• Export issues
• Juridical claims !
• Medical claims
• Penalties
• Image !
National Asbestos Bans:
(Revised September 30, 2015)
Algeria Chile Gabon Israel Luxembourg Poland Slovenia
Argentina Cyprus Germany Italy Malta Portugal South Africa
Australia Czech Rep. Gibraltar Japan Mauritius Qatar Spain
Austria Denmark Greece Jordan Mozambique Romania Sweden
Bahrain Egypt Honduras S. Korea Netherlands Saudi Arabia Switzerland
Belgium Estonia Hungary Kuwait New Caledo-
nia
Serbia Turkey
Brunei Finland Iceland Latvia Norway Seychelles United Kingdom
Bulgaria France Ireland Lithuania Oman Slovakia Uruguay
Notes. Singapore and Taiwan were removed from the ban list (Oct 2010) as a result of information received
D
L
Critical values (WHO):
L > 5 x 10-3
mm
D < 3 x 10-3
mm
L:D > 3:1

5. CAF TO CNAF | DONIT® | 5
ASBESTOS PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION, 2014
ASBESTOS CONSUMPTION AND NATIONAL BANS
MAIN REPLACEMENT FIBERS
ASBESTOS
↓
CELULOSE FIBERS
GLASS FIBERS
CARBON FIBERS
MINERAL FIBERS
ARAMID FIBERS
CELULOSE
FIBERS
ARAMID
FIBERS
GLASS
FIBERS
CARBON
FIBERS
MINERAL
FIBERS

6. 6 | DONIT® | CAF TO CNAF
A single substitute for asbestos fiber is not available however a multiple combination
of alternative fibers covers most of the applications.
Replacement fibers for gasket materials can be classified into:
• aramid fibers
• carbon fibers
• glass fibers
• mineral fibers
• organic fibers
Each type of fiber defines specific thermal and mechanical properties to the final sheet material.
Lately the legislation of some countries caused that our materials meet Fugitive Emission standards.
Fibers used at Donit are 100% Ecological.
For example exonerated mineral fibres are used.
GENERAL COMPOSITION
Asbestos (CAF):
Fibers 70- 90 %
Elastomers 10 - 20 %
Fillers 10 - 20 %
Chemicals 1 - 2 %
Non-asbestos (CNAF):
Fibers 15 - 40 %
Elastomers 10 - 20 %
Fillers 50 - 70 %
Chemicals 1 - 2 %
GEOMETRY OF FIBRES USED IN CNAF & CAF SHEET MATERIALS
Materials Diameter (µm) Length (mm)
Aramide fibers 0.1 - 12 2
Glass fibers 5 - 6 0.3
Carbon fibers 12 3
Asbestos fibers (Chrysotil) 0,02 – 0,04 0.001 - 5
Mineral fibers 6 0.2
↓ ↓

7. CAF TO CNAF | DONIT® | 7
COMPRESSED NON - ASBESTOS SHEET MATERIALS
MAIN COMPONENTS:
Fibers Binders Fillers
SHEET STORAGE
SOLVENT RUBBER CHEMICALS
MILLING
DISOLVING
MIXING
MIXING CONTAINER
MILLING
PRINTING
CUTTING
CALENDERING
SOLVENT
RECUPERATION
FIBERSPRODUCTION PROCESS – CNAF
SHEETS
• Preparation of rubber solution
• Preparation of final mixture
• (addition of other components)
• Calandering process
• Additional operations (cutting, clean-
ing, surface treatment, printing, etc.)

8. 8 | DONIT® | CAF TO CNAF
Raw Max. Chemical resistance Beneficial
Gasket Temperature Concentr. Mild Mild Concentr. Solvents Properties
Material in air *C acids acids alkalis alkalis
White asbestos 450-700 - + + + + Thermal and
Blue asbestos 400-600 + + + - + chemical resistance
PTFE 250 + + + + + Universal chemical
resistance
Aramid fibres 280 - o o - + High strength and
dimension stability
Carbon fibres
80- 90 % C
450-500 + + + + +
Graphite fibres
99 % C
450-500 + + + + + Self lubricating and
high heat conductivity
+ suitable, o conditional suitable, - not suitable, * High temperature area
RAW MATERIALS FOR GASKETS
Raw Max. Chemical resistance Beneficial
Gasket Temperature Concentr. Mild Mild Concentr. Solvents Properties
Material in air *C acids acids alkalis alkalis
Exp. Graphite 450-500 + + + + + HT area* without binder
Glassfibres 450 o + o - + Econom. fibres for T*
300*C
SiO2 Fibres 1100 + + + - + for very high thermal
loads
Ceramic
fibres; 15 -
20% Organic
fibre parts Ca
silicate
800 o + + - + Better thermal stability
than asbestos
Al silicate 1100 o + + - + wire-reinforced brass,
incon.
Metal foil and -
fibres Cu, Al
500
Al2O2 fibres 1600 + + + + +
+ suitable, o conditional suitable, - not suitable, * High temperature area
CLASSIFICATION OF NON-ASBESTOS MATERIALS
Binder
• Regarding Binder, gasket materials can be divided into:
• NR - natural rubber
• NBR - Nitrile butadiene rubber
• SBR - Styrene butadiene rubber
• CR - Chloroprene rubber
• CSM – Chloro-sulphonated polyethylene
• EPDM - Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer
Each individual binder defines the final chemical resistance and tightness performance of a gasket material.

9. CAF TO CNAF | DONIT® | 9
VULCANIZATION
• What: conversion of rubber molecules into
a network by the formation of cross-links
• Purpose: to change the rubber state from
thermoplastic to elastic state - as long as
molecules are not bonded to each other, they
can move more or less freely, especially at
elevated temperatures
• Result:
as more cross-links are formed, the material
becomes tighter and the forces necessary to
achieve a given deformation, increase.
→ a gasket material with better mechanical
properties.
DEGREE OF VULCANIZATION
The number of cross-links depends on:
• type of vulcanization agents (S - sulphur)
• the amount of vulcanization agents
• the activity of vulcanization agents
• the reaction time and temperature
DEMANDS OF CNAF IN COMPARISON TO CAF
• Higher demands in terms of QC for raw materials and finished products.
• Improved Technical Standards and Testing methods have emerged over the years (Fugitive Emissions, Food Con-
formity, Potable Water,..)
• Relatively broad range of products to meet all requirements of customers.
• Defining and correct instalation of gaskets are more demanding now and customer often requires advice/help
from supplier /producer.
• Support from Application Engineering are nowadays imperative.
COMPRESSED NON ASBESTOS SHEETS
Properties:
• Better sealing performance compared to CAF materials → complies to Low Fugitive emission criteria (TA-Luft).
• CNAF materials are practically corrosion – free → no risk for corrosion of the flange surfaces.
• Required surface finish identical as for CAF materials.
• Temperature resistance 150 - 300°C (302 - 572°F).
• Above these temperatures we recommend to use Grafilit sheet materials.
• The exact temperature resistance of CNAF materials, depends mainly on:
• gasket material composition, gasket thickness, medium, flange and
• bolt load conditions and special considerations.
• Sealing of steam requires special consideration.
• Controlled installation is recommended.
• CNAF materials are in general more expensive than CAF materials.
C=C C C
S S
S S
SVulcaniza)on
agent
Rubber
Vulcanized
rubberTemperature,
Time

10. 10 | DONIT® | CAF TO CNAF
CNAF GASKET MATERIALS MARKET FORECASTS
Stable market or even slight positive trends for CNAF gasket materials are expected.
The most important reasons are:
• Relatively stable demand in the MRO industry
• World wide ban of Asbestos is still ongoing
• Growing regions for Donit in China, India, Russia, South America, South East Asia, Australasia,...
• Universal use, excellent handability and economical advantage of CNAF materials versus alternatives
• No risk for cross contaminated sheets
CONCLUSION
• Donit can offer a complete range of Compressed Non – Asbestos gasket sheet materials.
• Donit ceased production for CAF sheets since 2000.
• As Donit started producing CNAF sheets since 1985.
• Donit has a knowledge and experience in the field of CNAF for more than 30 years now.
• Donit can provide solutions to all kind of sealing applications.
• Application engineering & software program (DON PRO) support
NON-ASBESTOS SEALING MATERIALS

11. CAF TO CNAF | DONIT® | 11

12. Copyright © 2015 DONIT TESNIT, d.o.o.
All rights reserved
Date of issue: 03.2016 / CSGL-01-2016
www.donit.eu
Slovenia
DONIT TESNIT, D.O.O.
Cesta komandanta Staneta 38, 1215
Medvode, Slovenia
Phone: +386 (0)1 582 33 00
E-mail: info@donit.eu
China
SUZHOU DONIT SEALING
MATERIALS
Import and Export Co., Ltd.
No. 8 Suzhou Avenue West,
Bank of China Building, Room 1904,
SIP, 215021, P.R. China
Phone: +86 (0)512 659 535 29
E-mail: sales.suzhou@donit.eu
India
DONIT TESNIT INDIA
C-406, Mantri Lavendula Mulshi
Road,
Bavdan Khurd, Pune - 411 021, India
Phone: +91 20 6520 7558
E-mail: sales.india@donit.eu
Middle East
DONIT TESNIT MIDDLE EAST
SM - Office- F1- 216B Ajman Free
Zone Authority,
Ajman, United Arab Emirates
E-mail: sales.middleeast@donit.eu
North America
DONIT TESNIT NORTH AMERICA
Donit Tesnit North America, LLC
1549 Stone Ridge Drive
Stone Mountain
Georgia 30083
E-mail: sales.northamerica@donit.eu
Latin America
DONIT TESNIT LATIN AMERICA
E-mail: sales.latinamerica@donit.eu
Slovenia
DONIT TESNIT, D.O.O.
Donit Industrial Sealing Solutions
Paradiž 4, 8210 Trebnje, Slovenia
Phone: +386 (0)8 205 50 44
E-mail: salesgaskets@donit.eu
Belgium
DISS-EUROPE BVBA
Donit Industrial Sealing Solutions
Toekomstlaan 34,
2200 Herentals, Belgium
Phone: +32 (0)14 302 100
E-mail: sales@disseurope.be