The document is a presentation on Docker security, detailing the importance and challenges of securing Docker containers and images. It covers various topics, including container versus VM isolation, best practices for security, and considerations for deploying Docker in different environments. The document also discusses operational aspects, monitoring solutions, and the future of container technology.

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DOCKERSECURITY
Fernando Montenegro, CISSP -
Ricardo Gerardi -
TASK Jan 27, 2016
@fsmontenegro
@ricardogerardi

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WHYAREWEHERE?
Google Trends: "Microservices"

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Google Trends: "Docker"

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Google Trends: "Kubernetes"

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MICROSERVICES?
(Source: F5)

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MICROSERVICES
"Many development teams have found the microservices
architectural style to be a superior approach to a monolithic
architecture. But other teams have found them to be a
productivity­sapping burden. Like any architectural style,
microservices bring costs and benefits. To make a sensible choice
you have to understand these and apply them to your specific
context.""
Martin Fowler (
)
http://martinfowler.com/articles/microservice­trade­
offs.html

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SIGNIFICANTBENEFITS
Support CI/CD practices
Easier to achieve scale
Operational benefits of "DevOps"

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DATADOGCONTAINERSURVEY
( )
Two schools of thought:
Containers as up&down microservices
Containers as "lightweight servers" that stay up
https://www.datadoghq.com/docker­adoption/

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WHATWEFOUND

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ABOUTUS-FERNANDO
Sales Engineer
Online Fraud
Network Security
CompSci ’94
Greying hair
Curious
Finance (DIY)
Economics (EMH,
Behaviour)
Data Science (Coursera)
@fsmontenegro

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ABOUTUS-RICARDO
Senior IT Consultant
Network
Management/Monitoring
IBM Netcool Certified
Uncertified father (2x)
Interests
Linux/UNIX
Emerging technologies
Data Science
@ricardogerardi

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DOCKERINTRO

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WHATISDOCKER?
DOCKER,THEPLATFORM
Docker is a container based platform used to package and run
applications in a variety of systems
DOCKER,THECOMPANY
Docker Inc. (https://www.docker.com/company)

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SOFTWAREPACKAGEANDDISTRIBUTIONCHALLENGE
OLDWAY-HOSTEDAPPLICATIONS

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VIRTUALMACHINES

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ENTERTHECONTAINER

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WHYDOCKER?
Linux containers
Around for a long time (Open VZ, LXC, etc)
Not very "friendly"
Docker streamlines the process and makes it very easy to create
and use containers
Speed (Development/Scalability)
Portability
Driver to DevOps and Microservices

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WHATDOYOUNEEDTORUNDOCKER?
Recent Linux Kernel (3.8+)
Namespaces
cGroups
Network connection

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DOCKERARCHITECTUREINANUTSHELL
Source: https://www.docker.com/what­docker

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Source: https://docs.docker.com/engine/introduction/understanding­
docker/

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DOCKERDEMO

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DOCKERSECURITY

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FIRSTTHINGSFIRST...
Containers vs. VMs?
Containers not as isolated as VMs.
but much more isolated than processes...
cgroups & namespaces
Containers are OS-dependant.
Containers for multi-tenancy? Not so fast...
Containers & VMs :-)

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SECURITYFORDOCKER
How to secure the Docker "pipeline"
How to secure Docker containers themselves

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SECURITYFORDOCKERIMAGES
Secure Registry/Mirror Access
Getting trustworthy images
trusted sources - docker hub, private registry
building secure
Docker Content Trust (1.8) [Notary]
"only signed content in production"
Yubico Keys

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DOCKER'SPROJECTNAUTILUS
Docker securing images on DockerHub
Image security
Component inventory/license management
Image optimization
Basic functional testing

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CLAIRBYCOREOS
Security scanning of images -
Available on Quay
Security Scanning Beta -
https://coreos.com/blog/vulnerability­analysis­for­
containers/
https://blog.quay.io/security­
scanning­beta/

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OTHERCONSIDERATIONS
Containers are stateless
Can mount additional volumes
How to do Secrets Management?
ENV variables - not recommended
Key/Value Pair solutions
Embedded in orchestration ( )
Vault & Keywhiz
Kubernetes
Custom solutions

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SECURITYFROMDOCKER
How to contain Docker & containers?

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NAMESPACES&CGROUPS
PID – process isolation
Network – NICs, IPs, routing tabes et al.
UTS – hostnames
Mount – filesystem layouts/ properties
IPC – interprocess communication
User – users ("root" != root)
Control groups: resource utilization (RAM, swap, CPU, IO,
controls)

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ADDITIONALFEATURES
capabilities - add or drop capabilities
seccomp - filtering of system calls
network isolation via iptables
limit inter-container communication

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SECURITYBYDOCKER
Leveraging Docker features for security

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LEVERAGINGDOCKERFORSECURITY
microservice -> reduced attack surface
enforce content trust to protect production
r/o FileSystems
drop capabilities when possible
seccomp - filtering system calls
journaled changes

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OPERATIONSANDECOSYSTEM

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WHERETODEPLOYDOCKER?
ONPREMISES
Baremetal (on Linux)
Virtual Machines
IaaS, OpenStack, etc

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PUBLICCLOUDPROVIDERS

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PAASPROVIDERS

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ORCHESTRATION/SCHEDULING

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NETWORKING
BASICNETWORKING

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OVERLAYNETWORKING

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MONITORING
CHALLENGES
Scalability (100s of containers in a single host)
Host Monitoring x Container Monitoring
Container instrumentation (1 process/container philosophy)
API instability

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CONTAINERMONITORINGSOLUTIONS
Sysdig Cloud
Weaveworks
New relic
Google cAdvisor

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CONTAINERLOGMANAGEMENT
ELK Stack
Splunk

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WRAPPINGUP

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LOOKINGATTHEFUTURE
Containers exist in a continuum of options.
Unikernels
one degree further
compile kernel for application
Undebuggable?
Serverless Architecture?
AWS Lambda
Azure Service Fabric
potentially bad idea?

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WRAPPINGUP
Docker Security "Anti-Patterns"
free-for-all (unrestricted containers in Prod)
treating containers as servers
Recommendations for Security
Don't try to stop it!!!
recognize massive potential for disruption
no agents on containers
watch for outbound traffic
keep up to date (news!)
rethink approach ("cattle, not pets")

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DOCKERALLOVER
Last few weeks of news:
Docker buys Unikernel
Arista announces Container support in EOS
Citrix supports NetScaler as Container
Amazon announces Docker 1.9 support

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RESOURCES!
Twitterfolk:

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- AWS
architect, tons of Docker
links
- Docker
Security
- Tons of
Container work
-
Pluralsight course
-
KeepingItClassless,
TechFieldDay
- WebScale @
Shopify
-
DevOps
- Shmoocon
2016 preso
and
- Company &
Conference
- Kubernetes
confab
Websites:
- Checklist
- portal of all things "modern" stacks
- Network-focused approach
- Open Container Initiative
@mattnowina
@diogomonica
@frazelledazzell
@nigelpoulton
@mierdin
@Sirupsen
@blinken_lichten
@jaybeale
@docker
@dockercon
@kubeconio
DockerBench
TheNewStack
Packet Pushers
RunC