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- 1. Kelainan Kelainan morfologi l morfologi leukosit pada eukosit pada infeksi infeksi Tinjauan Pustaka Tinjauan Pustaka Divisi Hematologi Divisi Hematologi Ryan Bayusantika Ristandi Ryan Bayusantika Ristandi Nadjwa Zamalek Dalimoenthe Nadjwa Zamalek Dalimoenthe Kamis !" #kto$er %&!' Kamis !" #kto$er %&!' D(P D(P)RT(*(N+,*- )RT(*(N+,*- P P) )T#.#/0 T#.#/0 K.0N0K K.0N0K - -)K1. )K1.T T), ), K(D#KT(R)N K(D#KT(R)N 1N02(R,0 1N02(R,0T T), ), P P)D3)D3)R )D3)D3)R)N )N R1*)H ,)K0T 1*1* P1,)T DR4 H),)N ,)D0K0N R1*)H ,)K0T 1*1* P1,)T DR4 H),)N ,)D0K0N B)ND1N/ B)ND1N/ %&!' %&!'
- 2. D)-T)R 0,0 D)-T)R 0,0 Halaman Halaman DAFT DAFTAR I AR ISI SI i i DAFTAR TABEL DAFTAR TABEL ii ii DAFTAR GAMBAR DAFTAR GAMBAR iii iii BAB BAB I PEN I PENDAH DAHULU ULUAN AN 4 4 BAB II TINJA BAB II TINJAUAN PUST UAN PUSTAKA AKA .5 .5 2.1 Jenis 2.1 Jenis an !"n#si an !"n#si le"$%si&.................. le"$%si&......................................... .............................................. ..................................... ..................5 ....5 2.1.1 2.1.1 G'an"l%si&................... G'an"l%si&.......................................... .............................................. .............................................. ......................................5 ...............5 2.1.1.1 Bas%!il...................................... 2.1.1.1 Bas%!il............................................................. ........................................................... ........................................... .......5 5 2.1.1.2 2.1.1.2 E%sin%!il................ E%sin%!il....................................... .............................................. .............................................. ........................................( .................( 2.1.1.) Ne"&'%!il*************************..+ 2.1.1.) Ne"&'%!il*************************..+ 2.1.2 2.1.2 A#'an"l%si&*.................. A#'an"l%si&*......................................... .............................................. ......................................................14 ...............................14 2.1.2.1 Lim!%si& *************************.14 2.1.2.1 Lim!%si& *************************.14 2.1.2.2 2.1.2.2 M%n%si&............... M%n%si&...................................... .............................................. .............................................. .........................................1( ..................1( 2.2 Kelainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& ,aa in!e$si **********.***..22 2.2 Kelainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& ,aa in!e$si **********.***..22 2.2.1 In!e$si Ba$&e'i********************.***..22 2.2.1 In!e$si Ba$&e'i********************.***..22 2.2.1 2.2.1 In!e$si In!e$si -i'"s -i'"s ****..................... ****............................................ .............................................. .....................................22 ..............22 2.2.) In!e$si Pa'asi&************************2) 2.2.) In!e$si Pa'asi&************************2) 2.2.4 In!e$si Jam"'************************.2) 2.2.4 In!e$si Jam"'************************.2) 2.) 2.) $el $elain ainan an m%' m%'!%l !%l%#i %#i le" le"$%s $%si& i& ,a& ,a&%#e %#enes nesis is an an ,a& ,a&%!i %!isi%l si%l%#i %#in/a n/a se'& se'&a a a'&i a'&i $linisn/a................ $linisn/a....................................... .............................................. .............................................. .................................................. ...........................24 24 2.).1 G'an"la 2.).1 G'an"la &%$si$................. &%$si$........................................ .............................................. ............................................. ............................... .........24 24 2.).2 2.).2 Hi,e'se#men&asi........................ Hi,e'se#men&asi............................................... .............................................. ....................................... .....................2( .....2( 2.).) Lim!%si& 2.).) Lim!%si& A&i,i$................. A&i,i$......................................... ............................................... ................................................ .............................20 ....20 2.).4 2.).4 a$"%lisasi a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma...................... si&%,lasma............................................. .............................................. .....................................2 ..............2 2.).5 Ne 2.).5 Ne"&'%!il "&'%!il ,i$n%&i$........... ,i$n%&i$.................................. .............................................. .......................................................)1 ................................)1 2.).( 2.).( D%3le D%3le %ies................. %ies........................................ .............................................. .............................................. ..................................)2 ...........)2 B BAB AB II III SI I SIMP MPUL ULAN AN .. ... .)4 )4 S SU UM MM MA AR R . .) )5 5 DA DAFT FTAR AR PU PUST STAK AKA A )( )( i i
- 3. D)-T)R T)B(. D)-T)R T)B(. T Tael 2.1 ael 2.1 Kan"n#an #'an"la ne"&'%!il*********...******15 Kan"n#an #'an"la ne"&'%!il*********...******15 ii ii
- 4. D)-T)R /)*B)R D)-T)R /)*B)R Gama' 2.1 Klasi!i$asi an m%'!%l%#i le"$%si&************..*.4 Gama' 2.1 Klasi!i$asi an m%'!%l%#i le"$%si&************..*.4 Gama' 2.2 Gama' 2.2 Bas%!il******************...*.............. Bas%!il******************...*.................16 ...16 Gama' 2.) Gama' 2.) E%sin%!il***********..*********...*....1 E%sin%!il***********..*********...*....11 1 Gama' 2.4 P'%ses !a#%si&%sis*******************...12 Gama' 2.4 P'%ses !a#%si&%sis*******************...12 Gama' 2.5 Gama' 2.5 Respiratory burst Respiratory burst ********************1) ********************1) Gama' 2.( Gama' 2.( Ne"&'%!il********...****...*******...*....1 Ne"&'%!il********...****...*******...*....1( ( Gama' 2.+ Gama' 2.+ Lim!%si&*************...*******...*....1 Lim!%si&*************...*******...*....1 Gama' 2.0 Gama' 2.0 M%n%si&****************...****...*....21 M%n%si&****************...****...*....21 Gama' 2. G'an"la Gama' 2. G'an"la &%$si$**********...******..***...24 &%$si$**********...******..***...24 Gama' 2.16 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an Gama' 2.16 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an #'an"la &%$si$***...*****..***...25 #'an"la &%$si$***...*****..***...25 Gama' 2.11 Hi,e'se#men&asi.**.******....***..*****..*.2( Gama' 2.11 Hi,e'se#men&asi.**.******....***..*****..*.2( Gama' 2.12 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an Gama' 2.12 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an Hi,e'se#men&asi**.**....*****..*.2+ Hi,e'se#men&asi**.**....*****..*.2+ Gama' 2.1) Lim!%si& Gama' 2.1) Lim!%si& a&i,i$.*.**..******...*******...*....20 a&i,i$.*.**..******...*******...*....20 Gama' 2.14 Gama' 2.14 a$"%lisasi a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma**********..****...*....2 si&%,lasma**********..****...*....2 Gama' 2.15 Gama' 2.15 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an a$ Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an a$"%lisasi "%lisasi si&%,lasma****...**...*....)6 si&%,lasma****...**...*....)6 Gama' 2.1( Ne"&'%!il Gama' 2.1( Ne"&'%!il ,i$n%&i$*********..*..****..***... ,i$n%&i$*********..*..****..***...)1 )1 Gama' 2.1+ D%3le %ies**********...***..*****..*.)2 Gama' 2.1+ D%3le %ies**********...***..*****..*.)2 Gama' 2.10 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an D%3le %ies******..*****..*.)) Gama' 2.10 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an D%3le %ies******..*****..*.)) iii iii
- 5. B)B 0 B)B 0 P(ND)H1.1)N P(ND)H1.1)N Paa a$&i-i&as $ese3a'ian e-al"asi a'i Paa a$&i-i&as $ese3a'ian e-al"asi a'i $elai $elainan nan m%'!%l m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& san#a& %#i le"$%si& san#a& ,en&in# ila$"$an "n&"$ ,en&in# ila$"$an "n&"$ memas&i$an $elainan memas&i$an $elainan $linis /an# $linis /an# &e'7ai &e'7ai ,aa ,asien ,aa ,asien an an me'es,%n $elainan /an# &e'ien&i!i$asi ,aa ala&. Sea#ai se%'an# a3li Pa&%l%#i me'es,%n $elainan /an# &e'ien&i!i$asi ,aa ala&. Sea#ai se%'an# a3li Pa&%l%#i $linis8 san#a& i,e'l"$an $emam,"an "n&"$ mema3ami m%'!%l%#i n%'mal le"$%si& $linis8 san#a& i,e'l"$an $emam,"an "n&"$ mema3ami m%'!%l%#i n%'mal le"$%si& "n&"$ men#ien&i!i$asi $elainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& . "n&"$ men#ien&i!i$asi $elainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& .1 1 Le"$%si& &e'i'i a'i Le"$%si& &e'i'i a'i sel ne"&'%!il8 as%!il8 sel ne"&'%!il8 as%!il8 e%sin%!il8 lim!%si& an e%sin%!il8 lim!%si& an m%n%si&. m%n%si&. Sel9 Sel9 sel &e'se"& memili$i ,e'eaan alam $%m,%sisi sel8 s&'"$&"'8 !"n#si8 !a$&%' /an# sel &e'se"& memili$i ,e'eaan alam $%m,%sisi sel8 s&'"$&"'8 !"n#si8 !a$&%' /an# mem,en#a'"3i a$&i-i&as sel an 'es,%ns &e'3aa, ,e'"a3an /an# &e'7ai ,aa mem,en#a'"3i a$&i-i&as sel an 'es,%ns &e'3aa, ,e'"a3an /an# &e'7ai ,aa $linis ,asien. $linis ,asien.1 1 Paa $as"s in!e$si se'in# i&em"$an $elainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si&. Kelainan Paa $as"s in!e$si se'in# i&em"$an $elainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si&. Kelainan /an# ,alin# se'in# &e'7ai aala3 ,aa sel ne"&'%!il an lim!%si&. Paa sel 3a'"s /an# ,alin# se'in# &e'7ai aala3 ,aa sel ne"&'%!il an lim!%si&. Paa sel 3a'"s inilai ,e'"a3an ,aa in&i8 si&%,lasma8 &e'a,a&n/a #'an"la &%$si$8 -a$"%lisasi8 inilai ,e'"a3an ,aa in&i8 si&%,lasma8 &e'a,a&n/a #'an"la &%$si$8 -a$"%lisasi8 3i 3i,e ,e'se 'se#m #men en&a &asi si 8 8 Dohle Dohle bodies bodies a an n $e $elai laina nan n lai lain. n. Pe Pe' 'e eaa aan n 7" 7"ml mla3 a3 a an n m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& a,a& meman&" menen&"$an e&i%l%#i in!e$si8 misaln/a in!e$si m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& a,a& meman&" menen&"$an e&i%l%#i in!e$si8 misaln/a in!e$si ia$ia&$an %le3 -i'"s8 a$&e'i8 7am"' an in!e$si lain se,e'&i ,a'asi&. ia$ia&$an %le3 -i'"s8 a$&e'i8 7am"' an in!e$si lain se,e'&i ,a'asi&. 1 1 Paa &in7a"an ,"s&a$a ini a$an ia3as men#enai $elainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& Paa &in7a"an ,"s&a$a ini a$an ia3as men#enai $elainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& ,aa in!e$si ,aa in!e$si. . 4 4
- 6. B)B 00 B)B 00 T0N3)1)N P1,T)K) T0N3)1)N P1,T)K) %4! 3enis dan fungsi .eukosit %4! 3enis dan fungsi .eukosit Pe'"a3an Pe'"a3an /an# /an# san#a& san#a& m"n#$in m"n#$in &e'7ai &e'7ai ,aa ,aa saa& saa& le"$%si& le"$%si& men#3aa,i men#3aa,i s"a&" s"a&" in!e$si aala3 ,e'"a3an ,aa 7"mla3 an m%'!%l%#i. in!e$si aala3 ,e'"a3an ,aa 7"mla3 an m%'!%l%#i.2 2 Be'as Be'asa'$an a'$an m%'!% m%'!%l%#i l%#i sel sel an an #'an" #'an"la la /an# /an# &e'a, &e'a,a& a& ,aa ,aa si&%, si&%,lasman lasman/a /a le"$%si& a,a& iea$an men7ai #'an"l%si& :le"$%si& /an# mem,"n/ai #'an"l le"$%si& a,a& iea$an men7ai #'an"l%si& :le"$%si& /an# mem,"n/ai #'an"l ,aa ,aa si&%,lasman/a; si&%,lasman/a; an an a#'an"l%si& a#'an"l%si& :le"$%si& :le"$%si& /an# /an# &ia$ &ia$ memili$i memili$i #'an"la #'an"la ,aa ,aa si&%,lasman/a;. Le"$%si& /an# &e'mas"$ #'an"l%si& aala3 as%!il8 e%sin%!il an si&%,lasman/a;. Le"$%si& /an# &e'mas"$ #'an"l%si& aala3 as%!il8 e%sin%!il an ne"&'%!il8 sean#$an le"$%si& /an# &e'mas"$ $e alam a#'an"l%si& aala3 lim!%si& ne"&'%!il8 sean#$an le"$%si& /an# &e'mas"$ $e alam a#'an"l%si& aala3 lim!%si& an an m%n% m%n%si&. si&. ) ) Kla Klasi!i si!i$as $asi i an an m%' m%'!%l !%l%#i %#i le" le"$%s $%si& i& a, a,a& a& &e'l &e'li3a i3a& & se, se,e'&i e'&i ,a ,aa a #ama' 2.1 #ama' 2.1 Gama' 2.1 Klasi!i$asi an m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& Gama' 2.1 Klasi!i$asi an m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& Ke&e'an#anA29+Ne"&'%!il8A091)E%sin%!il8A14910 Ke&e'an#anA29+Ne"&'%!il8A091)E%sin%!il8A14910 Bas%!il8 B194M%n%si&8 Bas%!il8 B194M%n%si&8 <194Lim!%si& <194Lim!%si& Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 Se>a'a "m"m !"n#si le"$%si& aala3 sea#ai 'es,%ns ,e'&a3anan &""3 &e'3aa, Se>a'a "m"m !"n#si le"$%si& aala3 sea#ai 'es,%ns ,e'&a3anan &""3 &e'3aa, in!e$si. in!e$si. 1 1 Le"$%si& 7"#a a,a& i$el%m,%$$an e'asa'$an !"n#sin/a. M%n%si& an Le"$%si& 7"#a a,a& i$el%m,%$$an e'asa'$an !"n#sin/a. M%n%si& an 5 5
- 7. #'an"l%si& e'!"n#si "n&"$ !a#%si&%sis an lim!%si& aala3 sel /an# ,alin# e',e'an #'an"l%si& e'!"n#si "n&"$ !a#%si&%sis an lim!%si& aala3 sel /an# ,alin# e',e'an alam im"n alam im"ni&as. i&as. Se>a'a $3"s Se>a'a $3"s"sn/ "sn/a8 !"n#si le"$% a8 !"n#si le"$%si& aala3 mena3 si& aala3 mena3an in-asi %le3 an in-asi %le3 mi$'% mi$'%%'# %'#anisme ,a&%# anisme ,a&%#en melal"i ,'%ses !a#%si& en melal"i ,'%ses !a#%si&%sis %sis /ai&" men# /ai&" men#ien&i ien&i!i$asi an !i$asi an men men#3a #3an>" n>"'$a '$an n sel9 sel9sel sel $an $an$e' $e' al alam am &" &""3 "3 an an 7"# 7"#a a e' e'!"n !"n#si #si se sea#a a#ai i ?sel ?sel ,eme'si3? en#an >a'a mem!a#%si&%sis e'is. ,eme'si3? en#an >a'a mem!a#%si&%sis e'is.58( 58( %4!4! /ranulosit %4!4! /ranulosit Se&en Se&en#a3 a&a" #a3 a&a" lei3 a'i lei3 a'i 7"mla 7"mla3 3 le"$% le"$%si& si& alam a'a3 &e,i alam a'a3 &e,i aala3 #'an"l% aala3 #'an"l%si&. si&. G'an"la /an# $3as e'@a'na i'" &"a a&a" $eme'a3an8 e'en&"$ "la& a&a" &ia$ G'an"la /an# $3as e'@a'na i'" &"a a&a" $eme'a3an8 e'en&"$ "la& a&a" &ia$ &e'a&"' m"lai a,a& &e'li3a& ,aa si&%,lasma ,'%miel%si&8 /ai&" s&ai"m lei3 lan7"& &e'a&"' m"lai a,a& &e'li3a& ,aa si&%,lasma ,'%miel%si&8 /ai&" s&ai"m lei3 lan7"& a' a'i i mie miel% l%las& las&. . Ma& Ma&"'a "'asi si &e'7 &e'7ai ai al alam am s"m s"ms"m s"m &"l &"lan# an# an an ,'% ,'%ses ses ini ini &e'7 &e'7ai ai ,e'"a3an ,e'"a3an en&"$ en&"$ in&i in&i ma","n ma","n ,emen&"$an ,emen&"$an #'an"la. #'an"la. Sel9sel Sel9sel /an# /an# ma&an# ma&an# $em"ian a$an ile,as$an $e si'$"lasi. Sel ini &ia$ la#i mam," e'e,'%"$si $em"ian a$an ile,as$an $e si'$"lasi. Sel ini &ia$ la#i mam," e'e,'%"$si seni'i8 ee'a,a saa& se&ela3 ,ele,asan sel &e'se"& a'i s"ms"m &"lan#. Bila seni'i8 ee'a,a saa& se&ela3 ,ele,asan sel &e'se"& a'i s"ms"m &"lan#. Bila &e' &e'7a 7ai i 'an 'an#sa #san#a n#an n "n& "n&"$ "$ men menin# in#$a& $a&$an $an 7"m 7"mla3 la3 #'a #'an"l n"l%si %si& & al alam am a' a'a3 a3 &e, &e,i8 i8 $em"n#$inan sel m"a a$an m"n>"l alam a'a3 &e,i. $em"n#$inan sel m"a a$an m"n>"l alam a'a3 &e,i.+ + Sel /an# %minan ,aa Sel /an# %minan ,aa a@al in!e$si aala3 ne"&'%!il. a@al in!e$si aala3 ne"&'%!il. ) ) A#'an" A#'an"l%si&% l%si&%sis sis aala3 aala3 $eaa $eaaan an en# en#an an 7"mla 7"mla3 3 le"$% le"$%si& si& san#a& san#a& 'ena3 'ena3 an an &i &ia$ a$ aa aan/a n/a ne" ne"&'% &'%!il !il. . Pen Pen/e /ea a &e'7 &e'7ai ain/a n/a a#' a#'an% an%l%s l%si&% i&%sis sis se'i se'in#$ n#$ali ali aa aala3 la3 &e' &e'a,i a,i en en#an #an %a %a& & /an /an# # men men##a ##an## n##" " ,em ,emen en&"$ &"$an an sel sel a&a a&a" " men menin# in#$a& $a&$an $an ,en#3an>"'an ,en#3an>"'an sel sel se,e'&i se,e'&i $em%&e'a,i $em%&e'a,i miel%s",'esi! miel%s",'esi! :mene$an :mene$an s"ms"m s"ms"m &"lan#; &"lan#; /an# i#"na$an ,aa $e#anasan 3ema&%l%#i an $e#anasan lainn/a. a& lain /an# i#"na$an ,aa $e#anasan 3ema&%l%#i an $e#anasan lainn/a. a& lain se,e'&i anal#e&i$8 an&ii%&i$a8 an an&i3is&amin8 mam," men/ea$an ne"&'%,enia se,e'&i anal#e&i$8 an&ii%&i$a8 an an&i3is&amin8 mam," men/ea$an ne"&'%,enia an a#'an"l% an a#'an"l%si&%si si&%sis s e'a&. Ge7alan e'a&. Ge7alan/a aala3 /a aala3 'asa malaise "m"m 'asa malaise "m"m :'asa &ia$ ena$8 :'asa &ia$ ena$8 $elema3an8 ,"sin#8 an sa$i& %&%&;8 emam an &a$i$a'ia. $elema3an8 ,"sin#8 an sa$i& %&%&;8 emam an &a$i$a'ia. 5 5 ( (
- 8. %4!4!4! Basofil %4!4!4! Basofil Bas%!il mem,"n/ai si&%,lasma sei$i& se$ali e'@a'na i'" ,">a&9me'a3 m"a Bas%!il mem,"n/ai si&%,lasma sei$i& se$ali e'@a'na i'" ,">a&9me'a3 m"a ,">a&8 ,">a&8 in&i in&i sea#ian sea#ian esa' esa' 3an/a 3an/a e'le$"$ e'le$"$ ,aa ,aa ee'a,a ee'a,a &em,a& &em,a& :en&"$ :en&"$ a"n a"n sem seman# an##i; #i;8 8 sele selei3 i3n/a n/a &e' &e'se#m se#men& en&asi asi &an &an,a ,a en en&"$ &"$. . Pa Paa a ,e@ ,e@a'n a'naan aan 'i# 'i#3&9 3&9 Gie Giemsa msa a, a,a& a& &e' &e'li3 li3a& a& #'a #'an"l n"la a e' e'@a' @a'na na "n# "n#" " &"a &"a :C :Cas% as%!il; !il;. .0 0 U$"' U$"'an as%!il an as%!il aala3 1691( m :"$"'an 3am,i' sama en#an ne"&'%!il;. aala3 1691( m :"$"'an 3am,i' sama en#an ne"&'%!il;.4 4 Paa $eaaan !isi%l%#is Paa $eaaan !isi%l%#is 7"mla3 7"mla3 as%!il as%!il 3an/a 3an/a 691. 691. J"mla3 J"mla3 as%!il as%!il menin#$a& menin#$a& ,aa ,aa $elainan $elainan m/el%,'%li!e'a&i!8 'ea$si 3i,e'sensi&i-i&as8 mas&%>/&%sis8 e'%e'ma ,i#men&%sa8 m/el%,'%li!e'a&i!8 'ea$si 3i,e'sensi&i-i&as8 mas&%>/&%sis8 e'%e'ma ,i#men&%sa8 3/,%&3/'%iisme. 3/,%&3/'%iisme. Penin#$a&an Penin#$a&an 7"mla3 as%!il 7" 7"mla3 as%!il 7"#a i&em"$an #a i&em"$an ,aa in!e$si ,aa in!e$si %le3 %le3 -i' -i'"s "s :Sm :Small all,% ,%8 8 <3i <3i>$e >$en,% n,%; ; a&a" a&a" $a $aan# an#9$a 9$aan# an# ses" ses"a3 a3 s,l s,lene ene$&% $&%mi mi an an anemi anemia a 3em%l 3em%li&i$ i&i$ $'%n $'%nis. is.2 2 In& In&i i ia iasan san/a /a sa&" sa&"8 8 esa esa' ' en en&"$ &"$ ,il ,ili3a i3an n i''e i''e#"l #"le' e'8 8 "m"mn/a en&"$ 3"'"! S8 si&%,lasma as%!il &e'isi #'an"l /an# lei3 esa'8 an "m"mn/a en&"$ 3"'"! S8 si&%,lasma as%!il &e'isi #'an"l /an# lei3 esa'8 an se'in#$ali #'an"l men"&",i in&i8 se3in##a &ia$ m"a3 "n&"$ meli3a& in&i as%!il. se'in#$ali #'an"l men"&",i in&i8 se3in##a &ia$ m"a3 "n&"$ meli3a& in&i as%!il. ) ) G'an" G'an"la la s,esi! s,esi!i$ i$ en&" en&"$n/a $n/a i'e#"l i'e#"le' e' e'@a e'@a'na 'na i'" i'" &"a &"a an an $asa' $asa' &am,a$ &am,a$ memen"3i si&%,lasma. G'an"la as%!il mense$'esi 3is&amin /an# e',e'an alam memen"3i si&%,lasma. G'an"la as%!il mense$'esi 3is&amin /an# e',e'an alam alam ,'%ses ale'#i an me'",a$an sel "&ama ,aa &em,a& ,e'aan#an ini /an# alam ,'%ses ale'#i an me'",a$an sel "&ama ,aa &em,a& ,e'aan#an ini /an# inam inama$an 3/,e'sesi&i- a$an 3/,e'sesi&i-i&as i&as $"li& as%!il. $"li& as%!il. Bas%!i Bas%!il l &e'"&am &e'"&ama a e'&an e'&an##"n ##"n# # 7a@a 7a@a ,aa ,aa ,'%ses ,'%ses ale'#i ale'#i e en# n#an >a'a men# an >a'a men#el el"a "a'$ '$an an 3is&amin 3is&amin /an# men/ea /an# men/ea$an $an ,e'aan#an ,e'aan#an. M%'!%l%#i as%!il a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.2 . M%'!%l%#i as%!il a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.2 + +
- 9. Gama' 2.2 Bas%!il Gama' 2.2 Bas%!il Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 %4!4!4% (osinofil %4!4!4% (osinofil Sea# Sea#ian ian esa' esa' e%sin% e%sin%!il !il mem," mem,"n/ai n/ai in&i in&i #ana #ana an an 7ema 7ema&an &an an&a'a an&a'a se#me se#men n me' me'",a ",a$an $an en enan# an#9e 9enan nan# # 3al 3al"s. "s. K'% K'%ma& ma&in in se,e se,e'&i '&i #"m #"m,al ,alan an &an &ana3 a3 $as $asa' a'. . Si&%,lasma &e'isi sel"'"3n/a %le3 #'an"la e%sin%!il /an# iame&e'n/a e'ea9 Si&%,lasma &e'isi sel"'"3n/a %le3 #'an"la e%sin%!il /an# iame&e'n/a e'ea9 ea. ea. a'na asa' a'na asa' si&%,lasma aala3 si&%,lasma aala3 i'" m"a8 i'" m"a8 3an/a a,a& 3an/a a,a& &e'li3a& &e'li3a& ,aa ae'a3 ,aa ae'a3 eas eas #'an"la. #'an"la.0 0 B"&i'9"&i' $3'%ma&inn/a &ia$ e#i&" ,aa& $ala" ianin#$an B"&i'9"&i' $3'%ma&inn/a &ia$ e#i&" ,aa& $ala" ianin#$an en#an in&i en#an in&i ne"&'%!il. U$"'an e% ne"&'%!il. U$"'an e%sin%!il aala3 sin%!il aala3 1691( m. 1691( m.4 4 Paa $eaaan !isi%l%#is 190 a,a& i&em"$an ,aa a'a3 ,e'i!e'. E%sin%!il Paa $eaaan !isi%l%#is 190 a,a& i&em"$an ,aa a'a3 ,e'i!e'. E%sin%!il a, a,a& a& men menin# in#$a& $a& ,a ,aa a ,en ,en/a$ /a$i& i& ale' ale'#i #i :U' :U'&i>a &i>a'ia 'ia8 8 As&3 As&3ma ma '% '%n>3 n>3iale iale;8 ;8 in! in!e$s e$si i ,a'asi& ,a'asi& :misal :misal ,aa ,aa S>3is&%s%miasis8 S>3is&%s%miasis8 T'i>3in%sis8 T'i>3in%sis8 <a>in# <a>in# &aman#;8 &aman#;8 ses"a3 ses"a3 ,en/ina'an an $e#anasan. ,en/ina'an an $e#anasan.) ) E%sin%!il E%sin%!il e'$ai&an e'$ai&an e'a& e'a& en#an en#an ,e'is&i@a ,e'is&i@a ale'#i8 ale'#i8 $a'ena $a'ena sel9sel sel9sel ini ini i&em"$an i&em"$an alam 7a'in#an /aan# men#alami 'ea$si ale'#i. E%sin%!il mem,"n/ai $emam,"an alam 7a'in#an /aan# men#alami 'ea$si ale'#i. E%sin%!il mem,"n/ai $emam,"an mel mela$" a$"$an $an !a# !a#%si %si&%s &%sis8 is8 le lei3 i3 lam lama& a& &a, &a,i i le lei3 i3 sele sele$&i $&i! ! i ian anin# in# ne" ne"&'% &'%!il !il. . 0 0
- 10. E%sin%!il mem!a#%si&%sis $%m,le$s an&i#en an an&i%i8 ini me'",a$an !"n#si E%sin%!il mem!a#%si&%sis $%m,le$s an&i#en an an&i%i8 ini me'",a$an !"n#si e%sin% e%sin%!il !il "n&" "n&"$ $ mela$" mela$"$an $an !a#%si !a#%si&%sis sele$&i! &%sis sele$&i! &e'3a &e'3aa, a, $%m, $%m,le$s le$s an&i# an&i#en en an an an&i%i. E%sin%!il men#an"n# ,'%!i'in%lisin8 i"#a e',e'an an&i%i. E%sin%!il men#an"n# ,'%!i'in%lisin8 i"#a e',e'an mem,e'&a3an$an mem,e'&a3an$an a'a3 a'i ,eme$"an8 $3"s"sn/a ila $eaaan >ai'n/a i"a3 %le3 ,'%ses9,'%ses a'a3 a'i ,eme$"an8 $3"s"sn/a ila $eaaan >ai'n/a i"a3 %le3 ,'%ses9,'%ses ,a&%l%#i. M%'!%l%#i e%sin%!il a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.) ,a&%l%#i. M%'!%l%#i e%sin%!il a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.) Gama' 2.) E%sin%!il Gama' 2.) E%sin%!il Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 %4!4!45 Neutrofil %4!4!45 Neutrofil Ne"&'%!il Ne"&'%!il ,alin# ,alin# ma&"' ma&"' aala3 aala3 ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il se#men. se#men. Ne"&'%!il Ne"&'%!il se#men se#men mem,"n/ai mem,"n/ai iame&e' 'a&a9'a&a e'"$"'an 12 m. In&i e'@a'na "n#" &"a $ei'"an8 7"mla3 iame&e' 'a&a9'a&a e'"$"'an 12 m. In&i e'@a'na "n#" &"a $ei'"an8 7"mla3 se#men 295se#men8 i,isa3$an %le3 s"a&" !ilamen an e'en&"$ s"s"nan 3"'"! se#men 295se#men8 i,isa3$an %le3 s"a&" !ilamen an e'en&"$ s"s"nan 3"'"! E8 E8 a&a a&a" " S. S. Ne" Ne"&'% &'%!il !il &i &ia$ a$ mem mem,"n ,"n/ai /ai @a' @a'na na ,a ,aa a si& si&%,l %,lasm asman/ an/a8 a8 i, i,en" en"3i 3i #'an"la 3al"s :682968) m; /an# e'@a'na me'a3 m"a a&a" $e"n#"an. Ne"&'%!il #'an"la 3al"s :682968) m; /an# e'@a'na me'a3 m"a a&a" $e"n#"an. Ne"&'%!il se#men e'7"mla3 $i'a9$i'a 569+6 a'i le"$%si& ,aa %'an# e@asa. Keaaan se#men e'7"mla3 $i'a9$i'a 569+6 a'i le"$%si& ,aa %'an# e@asa. Keaaan shift shift to to the the left left :,e'#ese'an $e $i'i; ila &e'7ain/a ,enin#$a&an ne"&'%!il ima&"' :,e'#ese'an $e $i'i; ila &e'7ain/a ,enin#$a&an ne"&'%!il ima&"' ,aa ,aa 3i&"n# 3i&"n# 7enis 7enis ila ila ianin#$an ianin#$an en#an en#an ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il se#men. se#men.+ + Ne"&'%!il a&an# Ne"&'%!il a&an# a a$ $a an n m me en ni in n# #$ $a a& & , ,a a a a a a' 'a a3 3 , ,e e' 'i i! !e e' ' , ,a a a a $ $e ea a a aa an n i in n! !e e$ $s si i e e' 'a a& &
- 11. :se,si :se,sisa$& sa$&e'iemia; e'iemia;8 8 ,e'aa ,e'aan#an n#an an an s&'es. s&'es. Pen"'"nan 7"mla3 ne"&'%!il alam Pen"'"nan 7"mla3 ne"&'%!il alam a' a'a3 &e,i8 ,en/ a3 &e,i8 ,en/ea ean/ n/a a aa aala3 ,en/ la3 ,en/a$i a$i& & in! in!e$s e$si i se, se,e'& e'&i i Dem Demam &3/,% am &3/,%i8 i8 He, He,a&i& a&i&is8 is8 In! In!l"e l"ena na8 8 >am >am,a$ ,a$8 8 mal mala'i a'ia. a. Pen Pen/e /ea a lain lain e' e'$"' $"'an# an#n/a n/a ne" ne"&'% &'%!il !il aa aala3 la3 a3 a3an an $im $imia ia an an !isi !isi$a $a mis misal al ,a ,aa a 'a 'aiasi iasi an an %a %a&8 &8 3i, 3i,e's, e's,len lenisme isme8 8 ,en/a$i& 3a&i. ,en/a$i& 3a&i.5 5 F"n#si F"n#si ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il aala3 aala3 "n&"$ "n&"$ men#3an>"'$an men#3an>"'$an mi$'%%'#anisme mi$'%%'#anisme /an# /an# i$enal i$enal en# en#an an ,'%ses !a#%si&% ,'%ses !a#%si&%sis sis : :migrasi/ diapedesis, opsonisasi, ingestion, killing migrasi/ diapedesis, opsonisasi, ingestion, killing an an digestion digestion;. ;. + + Ne"&'%!il a$an Ne"&'%!il a$an i'an#san# men7ai i'an#san# men7ai a$&i! ila &e'7ai a$&i! ila &e'7ai in!il&'asi a$&e'i in!il&'asi a$&e'i $ealam 7a'in#an. Paa ,'%ses mi#'asi ne"&'%!il a$an e'#e'a$ en#an ,%la /an# $ealam 7a'in#an. Paa ,'%ses mi#'asi ne"&'%!il a$an e'#e'a$ en#an ,%la /an# &i &ia$ a$ &e'a &e'a'a3 'a3 i i se, se,an7 an7an# an# en en%&e %&el l ,em ,em"l "l"3 "3 a' a'a38 a38 ,e' ,e'#e' #e'a$an a$an ini ini is ise" e"& & locomotion. locomotion.P%la ini a$an e'"a3 ila &e'7ai 'an#san#an e'",a l"$a8 ,e'aan#an P%la ini a$an e'"a3 ila &e'7ai 'an#san#an e'",a l"$a8 ,e'aan#an a&a" in!e$si. In!il&'asi a$&e'i an ,'%ses ,e'aan#an alam &""38 men/ea$an a&a" in!e$si. In!il&'asi a$&e'i an ,'%ses ,e'aan#an alam &""38 men/ea$an &" &"" "3 3 m men en# #i' i'im im$a $an n &a &an na9 a9&a &an na a ( (s si ig gn na al ls s) ) e'",a e'",a chemoattractans chemoattractans /an# /an# mens&im"lasi ,e'"a3an ,%la mi#'asi ne"&'%!il men7ai men"7" &em,a& in!e$si. mens&im"lasi ,e'"a3an ,%la mi#'asi ne"&'%!il men7ai men"7" &em,a& in!e$si. P'% P'%ses ses ,en ,en#e' #e'a3a a3an n mi# mi#'asi 'asi mel melal" al"i i ,e& ,e&"n7 "n7"$ "$ che chemoa moattr ttract actans ans i$en i$enal al sea#a sea#ai i $em%&a$sis $em%&a$sis (chemotaxis). (chemotaxis). 10 10 Ne"&'%!il Ne"&'%!il menem,el menem,el ,aa ,aa 'ese,&%' 'ese,&%' en%&el en%&el en#an en#an ,%la ,%la ia,eesis8 ia,eesis8 mas"$ mas"$ mel melal" al"i i >ela >ela3 3 sem sem,i& ,i& ,a ,aa a mem mem'a 'ana na asa asalis lis ia ian&a n&a'a 'a en en%&e %&el l an mas"$ an mas"$ $e $e 7a'in#an. 7a'in#an. hemoattractans hemoattractans mem,e'>e,a& mi#'asi ne"&'%!il melal"i s"a&" ,'%ses mem,e'>e,a& mi#'asi ne"&'%!il melal"i s"a&" ,'%ses /an# i$enal sea#ai >3em%$inesis. Ne"&'%!il me'",a$an sel !a#%si& ,e'&ama /an# /an# i$enal sea#ai >3em%$inesis. Ne"&'%!il me'",a$an sel !a#%si& ,e'&ama /an# e'mi#'asi e'mi#'asi $e $e &em,a& &em,a& in!e$si. in!e$si. P%la P%la mi#'asi mi#'asi ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il locomotion, chemotaxis locomotion, chemotaxis an an chemokinesis chemokinesis meme'i$an $%n&'i"si ,aa m%ilisasi ne"&'%!il /an# e!isien ,aa meme'i$an $%n&'i"si ,aa m%ilisasi ne"&'%!il /an# e!isien ,aa &em,a& l"$a. &em,a& l"$a.16 16 Se&ela Se&ela3 3 e'mi e'mi#'asi #'asi ne"&' ne"&'%!il %!il menan menanai ai a$&e' a$&e'i i "n&"$ "n&"$ a,a& a,a& men#e men#enal nal an an men menm,e m,el8 l8 ,'% ,'%ses ses ini ini is ise" e"& & %,s %,s%n %nisas isasi. i. Ba$ Ba$&e' &e'i i /an /an# # &el &ela3 a3 i& i&an anai ai is ise" e"& & 16 16
- 12. %,s%nin8 /an# sia, i&elan %le3 ne"&'%!il. ,s%nisasi &e'7ai $a'ena aa i$a&an %,s%nin8 /an# sia, i&elan %le3 ne"&'%!il. ,s%nisasi &e'7ai $a'ena aa i$a&an an&a'a mem'an an&a'a mem'an en#an imm"n%#l%"lin. en#an imm"n%#l%"lin.16 16 Gama' 2.4 P'%ses !a#%si&%sis ne"&'%!il Gama' 2.4 P'%ses !a#%si&%sis ne"&'%!il Di$"&i, a'i G'ee' Di$"&i, a'i G'ee' + + Penelanan Penelanan : : !ngestion !ngestion; a$&e'i aala3 ,'%ses selan7"&n/a se&ela3 %,s%nisasi. ; a$&e'i aala3 ,'%ses selan7"&n/a se&ela3 %,s%nisasi. Ne"&'%!il Ne"&'%!il menan#$a, menan#$a, a$&e'i a$&e'i melal"i melal"i ,emen&"$an ,emen&"$an mem'an mem'an ,se"%,%i ,se"%,%i /an# /an# mel"as an mela,isi a$&e'i "n&"$ memen&"$ s"a&" -a$"%la alam si&%,lasma mel"as an mela,isi a$&e'i "n&"$ memen&"$ s"a&" -a$"%la alam si&%,lasma ne" ne"&'% &'%!il !il /an /an# # i$ i$ena enal l se sea#a a#ai i !a# !a#%s% %s%m. m. G'a G'an"l n"la a si&% si&%,la ,lasma sma e' e'mi# mi#'asi 'asi an an e'sa&" e'sa&" en#an en#an mem'an mem'an !a#%s%m !a#%s%m memen&"$ memen&"$ !a#%lis%s%m8 !a#%lis%s%m8 $em"ian $em"ian #'an"la #'an"la si si&% &%,l ,lasm asma a me me#a #alam lami i e e#' #'an an"l "lasi asi8 8 /a /ai& i&" " isi isi #' #'an an"l "la a i i$e $el" l"a' a'$a $an n $e $ea alam lam !a# !a#%li %lis%s% s%s%m. m. G'an G'an"la "la si&% si&%,la ,lasma sma men men#an #an"n "n# # en enim9 im9en enim im /an /an# # i# i#"na "na$an $an "n&"$ ,'%ses "n&"$ ,'%ses killing killing :,em"n"3an; an :,em"n"3an; an digestion digestion :,en>e'naan;. :,en>e'naan;. +816 +816 Pen#3an>"'an Pen#3an>"'an mi$'%%'#anisme mi$'%%'#anisme &e'7ai &e'7ai melal"i melal"i me$anisme me$anisme oxygen dependent oxygen dependent :& :&e' e'#a #an& n&"n "n# # % %/# /#en en; ; a an n non non oxy oxygen gen dep depend endent ent :&ia$ &e'#an& :&ia$ &e'#an&"n# "n# %/# %/#en;. en;. Me$ Me$ani anisme sme n%n n%n %/ %/#en #en e, e,en enen& en& mem mem"n "n"3 "3 a$ a$&e' &e'i i /an /an# # i& i&ela elan8 n8 en en#an #an 11 11
- 13. me$anisme ,e'"a3an PH8 ,ele,asan enim lis%s%m an ,'%&e%li&i$ $e alam me$anisme ,e'"a3an PH8 ,ele,asan enim lis%s%m an ,'%&e%li&i$ $e alam !a# !a#%li %lis%s% s%s%m. m. En Enim im ,'% ,'%&e% &e%li& li&i$ i$ mem mem,"n ,"n/ai /ai a$& a$&i-i i-i&as &as a$ a$&e'i &e'isi sial al /an /an# # a, a,a& a& men#3an>"'$an inin# sel a$&e'i. <a'a lain aala3 ,'%ses ,em"n"3an en#an men#3an>"'$an inin# sel a$&e'i. <a'a lain aala3 ,'%ses ,em"n"3an en#an >a'a >a'a %/# %/#en e,en en e,enen&8 /an# men/ en&8 /an# men/ea$ ea$an ile,as$ an ile,as$ann/a NADP ann/a NADPH %$siase8 H %$siase8 /an# meman&" alam ,emen&"$an s,esies %$si#en 'ea$&i! /ai&" s /an# meman&" alam ,emen&"$an s,esies %$si#en 'ea$&i! /ai&" s",e'%$sia an ",e'%$sia an 3/'% 3/'%#en ,e'%$si #en ,e'%$sia. P'%ses ini a. P'%ses ini i$en i$enal sea#ai al sea#ai oxy oxydat datif if bur burst st a& a&a" a" Respiratory Respiratory burst. burst. 10 10 Gama' Gama'.2.5 P'%ses 'e,i'a&%'/ .2.5 P'%ses 'e,i'a&%'/ "'s& "'s& Di$"&i, a'i G'ee' Di$"&i, a'i G'ee' + + A$&i-i&as an&ia$&e'i s",e'%$sia an 3i'%#en ,e'%$sia a$an e'ea$si A$&i-i&as an&ia$&e'i s",e'%$sia an 3i'%#en ,e'%$sia a$an e'ea$si en#an en#an ,'%"$ ,'%"$ !a#%si&%sis !a#%si&%sis lain lain se,e'&i se,e'&i enim enim MP MP /an# /an# &e'a,a& &e'a,a& alam alam #'an"la #'an"la ,'ime' ,'ime' ne"&'%!il "n&"$ men#3asil$an a3an /an# san#a& &%$si$ se,e'&i asam 3i,%$l%'i&8 ne"&'%!il "n&"$ men#3asil$an a3an /an# san#a& &%$si$ se,e'&i asam 3i,%$l%'i&8 /an# meme'i #ama'an #'an"la &%$si$ ,aa ne"&'%!il. /an# meme'i #ama'an #'an"la &%$si$ ,aa ne"&'%!il.16 16 Dal Dalam am si&% si&%,la ,lasma sma Ne" Ne"&'% &'%!il !il &e' &e'a,a a,a& & 2 2 7en 7enis is #'a #'an" n"l l /an /an# # e' e'e ea a al alam am ,enam,ilann/a en#an ,enam,ilann/a en#an "$"'an an&a'a "$"'an an&a'a :6.)96.0m;. G'an"l :6.)96.0m;. G'an"l ,aa ne"&'%!il ,aa ne"&'%!il &e'se"& &e'se"& /ai&" /ai&" G'an" G'an"la la A"'% A"'%!ili$ /an# !ili$ /an# men#a men#an"n n"n# # en/m lis%s%m an en/m lis%s%m an ,e'%$ ,e'%$siase8 /an# siase8 /an# s"a3 m"lai &am,a$ se7a$ masi3 alam s"ms"m &"lan# /an# ma$in e@asa ma$in s"a3 m"lai &am,a$ se7a$ masi3 alam s"ms"m &"lan# /an# ma$in e@asa ma$in e'$"'an# 7"mla3n/a. U$"'ann/a lei3 esa' a'i e'$"'an# 7"mla3n/a. U$"'ann/a lei3 esa' a'i ,aa 7enis "&i' /an# $e"a an ,aa 7enis "&i' /an# $e"a an 12 12
- 14. $ean/a$an &ela3 $e3ilan#an $emam,"an men#i$a& @a'na. Den#an ,e@a'naan $ean/a$an &ela3 $e3ilan#an $emam,"an men#i$a& @a'na. Den#an ,e@a'naan R%man%-s$/ "&i'an ini &am,a$ "n#" $eme'a39me'a3an. R%man%-s$/ "&i'an ini &am,a$ "n#" $eme'a39me'a3an. G'an"la s,esi!i$ lei3 $e>il men#an"n# !%s!a&ase al$ali an a&9a& a$&e'isial G'an"la s,esi!i$ lei3 $e>il men#an"n# !%s!a&ase al$ali an a&9a& a$&e'isial :,'%&ein Ka&i%ni$; /an# inama$an !a#%si&in. Dinama$an "&i' s,esi!i$ $a'ena :,'%&ein Ka&i%ni$; /an# inama$an !a#%si&in. Dinama$an "&i' s,esi!i$ $a'ena 3an/a &e'a,a& ,aa sel ne"&'%!il8 an "$"'an lei3 3al"s. B"&i'an ini a'" &am,a$ 3an/a &e'a,a& ,aa sel ne"&'%!il8 an "$"'an lei3 3al"s. B"&i'an ini a'" &am,a$ alam &a3a, miel%si&8 e'@a'na "n#" me'a3 m"a an ,aa sel e@asa a$an alam &a3a, miel%si&8 e'@a'na "n#" me'a3 m"a an ,aa sel e@asa a$an &am,a$ lei3 an/a$ a'i,aa "&i' a"'%!il. &am,a$ lei3 an/a$ a'i,aa "&i' a"'%!il.11 11 T Tael 2. ael 2. 1 Kan"n#an #'an"la ne"&'%!il 1 Kan"n#an #'an"la ne"&'%!il K Ka an nd du un ng ga an n / /r ra an nu ul la a a6urofil7Primer8 a6urofil7Primer8 /ranula /ranula ,pesifik7,ekunder8 ,pesifik7,ekunder8 /ranula /ranula tersier tersier Microbial enzymes Microbial enzymes L Li is so os so om m L Li is so os so om m Elastase Elastase Capthesin G Capthesin G Myeloperoxidase Myeloperoxidase Antbacerial Antbacerial proeins proeins D De ef fe en ns si in ns s L La ac ct to of fe er rr ri in n Bactericidal Bactericidal permeability increasing permeability increasing protein (BPI) protein (BPI) Neural serin Neural serin proeinases proeinases Proteinases Proteinases Mealloproeinases Mealloproeinases C Co ol ll la ag ge en na as se e G Ge el la a n na as se e Acid hydrolases Acid hydrolases !"asetyl"gl#c#ronidase !"asetyl"gl#c#ronidase Cathepsin B Cathepsin B Cathepsin D Cathepsin D $"Gl#c#ronidase $"Gl#c#ronidase $"Glycerophosphatase $"Glycerophosphatase %"Mannosidase %"Mannosidase Ohers Ohers &inin &inin generang generang en'yme en'yme it itB*+ B*+ bind binding ing pro protein tein C,bi C,birec recepto eptors rs C C- -a a i in na ac c . .a a ng ng f fa ac ct to or rs s C Cy yt to oc ch hr ro om me e b b C Cy yt to oc ch hr ro om me e b b Monocyte Monocyte chemoa/ractant chemoa/ractant 0l1aline 0l1aline phospatase phospatase P Pl la asm smi in no og gen en 2 2c c3 3II III I r rec ecep ept to or rs s Protein1inase C inhibitor Protein1inase C inhibitor Laminin receptors Laminin receptors 4hrombospondin 4hrombospondin receptors receptors 1) 1)
- 15. 2c3III receptors 2c3III receptors 5istaminase 5istaminase 5eperanase 5eperanase Complement ac.ators Complement ac.ators 2MLP receptors 2MLP receptors C,bi receptors C,bi receptors Di$"&i, Di$"&i, a'i a'i Dei'e Dei'e16 16 G'an" G'an"la la ,'ime ,'ime' ' :a"'% :a"'%!ili$ !ili$; ; ien ien&"$ &"$ selama selama &a3a, &a3a,an an ,'%mi ,'%miel%si& el%si&. . G'an" G'an"la la ,'ime' ,'ime' e'isi e'isi enim enim lis%s%m8 lis%s%m8 myel myelope opero roksid ksidase ase :M :MP P;8 ;8 asa asam m !% !%s!a s!a&a &ase se a an n elas&ase. G'an"la se$"ne' ien&"$ selama a3a,an miel%si&. G'an"la se$"ne' elas&ase. G'an"la se$"ne' ien&"$ selama a3a,an miel%si&. G'an"la se$"ne' e'isi e'isi enim enim lis%s%m8 lis%s%m8 "icotinamide "icotinamide #denine #denine dinucleotide dinucleotide $hosphatase $hosphatase:NADPH; :NADPH; %$si %$siase8 ase8 la$&%! la$&%!e'in e'in an an si&%$ si&%$'%m. Pemen&"$ '%m. Pemen&"$an an #'an" #'an"la la ,'ime' a$an ,'ime' a$an &e'3en &e'3en&i &i e'samaan e'samaan en#an en#an ,emen&"$an ,emen&"$an #'an"la #'an"la se$"ne' se$"ne'. . G'an"la G'an"la ,'ime' ,'ime' an an se$"ne' se$"ne' &e'a,a& alam ne"&'%!il ma&"'. G'an"la se$"ne' a,a& &e'li3a& en#an mi$'%s$%, &e'a,a& alam ne"&'%!il ma&"'. G'an"la se$"ne' a,a& &e'li3a& en#an mi$'%s$%, >a3a/a. G'an"la &e'sie' a,a& iien&i!i$asi en#an mi$'%s$%, ele>&'%n. G'an"la >a3a/a. G'an"la &e'sie' a,a& iien&i!i$asi en#an mi$'%s$%, ele>&'%n. G'an"la &e'sie' e'isi enim ,lasmin%#en a>&i-a&%'8 al$ali !%s!a&ase an #ela&inase. &e'sie' e'isi enim ,lasmin%#en a>&i-a&%'8 al$ali !%s!a&ase an #ela&inase.16 16 Ne"&'% Ne"&'%!il !il me'", me'",a$an a$an #a'is #a'is e,an e,an ,e'&a3 ,e'&a3anan anan sel"le' sel"le' &e'3a &e'3aa, a, in-asi in-asi 7asa 7asa 'eni$8 mem!a#%si& ,a'&i$el $e>il en#an a$&i!. Asam amin% D %$siase alam 'eni$8 mem!a#%si& ,a'&i$el $e>il en#an a$&i!. Asam amin% D %$siase alam #' #'an an"l "la a a a"' "'%! %!il ili$ i$ ,e ,en& n&in in# # a ala lam m ,e ,en# n#en en>e >e'a 'an n i in nin in# # se sel l a a$& $&e' e'i i /a /an# n# men# men#an"n an"n# # asam amin% asam amin% D. D. Selama ,'%ses !a#%si&%sis ien&"$ ,e'%$si Selama ,'%ses !a#%si&%sis ien&"$ ,e'%$siase8 ase8 miel%,e'%$siase /an# &e'a,a& alam ne"&'%!il e'i$a&an en#an ,e'%$sia an miel%,e'%$siase /an# &e'a,a& alam ne"&'%!il e'i$a&an en#an ,e'%$sia an 3alia e$e'7a ,aa m%le$"l &i'%sin inin# sel a$&e'i an men#3an>"'$ann/a. 3alia e$e'7a ,aa m%le$"l &i'%sin inin# sel a$&e'i an men#3an>"'$ann/a.5 5 Kem Kemam, am,"an "an ne" ne"&'% &'%!il !il "n& "n&"$ "$ 3i 3i", ", al alam am lin lin#$" #$"n# n#an an ana anae'% e'% san# san#a& a& me men# n#"n "n&" &"n# n#$a $an8 n8 $a $a'e 'ena na me me'e 'e$a $a a a,a ,a& & me mem m"n "n"3 "3 a a$& $&e' e'i i a an n me mem man an&" &" meme'si3$an e'is ,aa 7a'in#an ne$'%&i$. meme'si3$an e'is ,aa 7a'in#an ne$'%&i$.5 5 14 14
- 16. In!e$si In!e$si e'a& e'a& %le3 %le3 a$&e'i a$&e'i iasan/a iasan/a a$an a$an menin#$a&$an menin#$a&$an 7"mla3 7"mla3 ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il se,e'&i se,e'&i in in!e !e$s $si i %l %le3 e3 a a$$ $$&e &e'i 'i G' G'am am ,% ,%si si&i &i! ! :S :S&a &a,3 ,3/l /l%> %>%> %>>i >i8 8 Pn Pne" e"m% m%>% >%>> >>i i a an n S&' S&'e,& e,&%>% %>%>>i >>i;8 ;8 $e $eali$ ali$an an ne" ne"&'% &'%,ei ,eia a a$a a$an n &e' &e'7a 7ai i il ila a in! in!e$si e$si is isea ea$a $an n %le %le3 3 G'am ne#a&i! se,e'&i Salm%nella an B'">ella. G'am ne#a&i! se,e'&i Salm%nella an B'">ella.2 2 M%'!%l%#i ne"&'%!il a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.) M%'!%l%#i ne"&'%!il a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.) Gama' 2.( Ne"&'%!il Gama' 2.( Ne"&'%!il Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 %4!4%)granulosit %4!4%)granulosit A#'an"l%si& aala3 $el%m,%$ le"$%si& &an,a #'an"la /an# &e'i'i a'i lim!%si& A#'an"l%si& aala3 $el%m,%$ le"$%si& &an,a #'an"la /an# &e'i'i a'i lim!%si& an m%n%si&. an m%n%si&.+ + %4!4%4! .imfosit %4!4%4! .imfosit Lim!%si& e'en&"$ Lim!%si& e'en&"$ "la&8 $aan#9$a "la&8 $aan#9$aan# %-al an# %-al en#an si&%,lasma en#an si&%,lasma e'@a'na e'@a'na i'"8 i'"8 &ia$ &ia$ mem,"n/ai mem,"n/ai #'an"l8 #'an"l8 en&"$ en&"$ in&i in&i "la& "la& a&a" a&a" a#a$ a#a$ %-al8 %-al8 $'%ma&in $'%ma&in 3%m% 3%m%#en8 ,aa&8 #en8 ,aa&8 n"$l n"$le%l"s lim!%si& e%l"s lim!%si& &ia$ &e'li3a&8 is&'i"si n%'mal &ia$ &e'li3a&8 is&'i"si n%'mal 26946 26946 a'i a'i 7"mla3 7"mla3 $esel"'"3an $esel"'"3an le"$%si&. le"$%si&. U$"'an U$"'an lim!%si& lim!%si& aala3 aala3 +915 +915 m. m.4 4 Penin#$a&an Penin#$a&an 7"mla3 7"mla3 lim!%si& lim!%si& alam alam a'a38 a'a38 i&em"$an i&em"$an ,aa ,aa In!e$si In!e$si a$"& a$"& :Pe'&"sis8 :Pe'&"sis8 3e,a&i&is8 3e,a&i&is8 M%n% M%n%n">le n">le"sis in!e$si "sis in!e$si%sa;8 %sa;8 in!e$ in!e$si mena3"n ,a si mena3"n ,aa a/i an ana$9ana$8 'aa a a/i an ana$9ana$8 'aan# n# $'%nis misal K%li&is Ulse'a&i!8 $elainan me&a%li$ :Hi,e'&i'%iisme;. Pen"'"nan $'%nis misal K%li&is Ulse'a&i!8 $elainan me&a%li$ :Hi,e'&i'%iisme;. Pen"'"nan 15 15
- 17. 7"mla3 7"mla3 lim,%si& lim,%si& a,a& a,a& ia$ia&$an ia$ia&$an &e'a,i &e'a,i en#an en#an %a& %a& S&e'%i S&e'%i an an in!e$si in!e$si a$&e'i a$&e'i e'a&. Lim!%si& mem,"n/ai $e""$an /an# ,en&in# alam sis&em im"ni&as &""38 e'a&. Lim!%si& mem,"n/ai $e""$an /an# ,en&in# alam sis&em im"ni&as &""38 se3 se3in# in##a #a sel9 sel9sel sel &e' &e'se se"& "& &i &ia$ a$ sa7 sa7a a &e' &e'a, a,a& a& al alam am a' a'a38 a38 mel melain ain$an $an al alam am 7a'in#an $3"s"s /an# inama$an 7a'in# 7a'in#an $3"s"s /an# inama$an 7a'in#an lim!%i. Be'ea en#an sel9sel le"$%si& an lim!%i. Be'ea en#an sel9sel le"$%si& /an# lain8 lim!%si& se&ela3 ile,as$an a'i /an# lain8 lim!%si& se&ela3 ile,as$an a'i s"ms"m &"lan# el"m a,a& e'!"n#si s"ms"m &"lan# el"m a,a& e'!"n#si se>a'a ,en"3 %le3 $a'ena masi3 3a'"s men#alami i!e'ensiasi lei3 lan7"&. Bila se>a'a ,en"3 %le3 $a'ena masi3 3a'"s men#alami i!e'ensiasi lei3 lan7"&. Bila s"a3 ma&an# lim!%si& mam," e',e'an alam 'es,%n imm"n%l%#i$ ma$a sel9sel s"a3 ma&an# lim!%si& mam," e',e'an alam 'es,%n imm"n%l%#i$ ma$a sel9sel &e'se" &e'se"& & inam inama$an a$an sea#a sea#ai i sel sel im"n im"n%$%m %$%m,e&en. Sel ,e&en. Sel lim!%s lim!%si& i& im"n% im"n%$%m, $%m,e&en e&en iea$an men7ai lim!%si& B an lim!%si& T8 @ala","n alam seiaan a,"s $i&a iea$an men7ai lim!%si& B an lim!%si& T8 @ala","n alam seiaan a,"s $i&a &ia$ a,a& memea$ann/a. Lim!%si& T seel"mn/a men#alami i!e'ensiasi i &ia$ a,a& memea$ann/a. Lim!%si& T seel"mn/a men#alami i!e'ensiasi i alam $elen7a' &3/m"s8 sean#$an lim!%si& B alam 7a'in#an /an# inama$an alam $elen7a' &3/m"s8 sean#$an lim!%si& B alam 7a'in#an /an# inama$an B"'sa e$i-alen /an# i"#a $e'as 7a'in#an s"ms"m &"lan# seni'i. Ke"a 7enis B"'sa e$i-alen /an# i"#a $e'as 7a'in#an s"ms"m &"lan# seni'i. Ke"a 7enis lim!%si& ini e'ea lim!%si& ini e'ea alam !"n#si im"n%l%#i$n/a. alam !"n#si im"n%l%#i$n/a. Sel Sel9sel 9sel lim lim!%s !%si& i& T T e' e'&an &an##" ##"n# n# 7a@ 7a@a a &e' &e'3a 3aa, a, 'ea 'ea$si $si im" im"n n sel" sel"le' le' an an mem,"n/ai 'ese,&%' ,e'm"$aan /an# s,esi!i$ "n&"$ men#enal an&i#en asin#. Sel mem,"n/ai 'ese,&%' ,e'm"$aan /an# s,esi!i$ "n&"$ men#enal an&i#en asin#. Sel lim!%si& B e'&"#as "n&"$ mem,'%"$si an&i%i 3"m%'al8 /ai&" an&i%i /an# lim!%si& B e'&"#as "n&"$ mem,'%"$si an&i%i 3"m%'al8 /ai&" an&i%i /an# e'ea' alam e'ea' alam ,e'ea'an a'a3 ,e'ea'an a'a3 an men#i$a& an men#i$a& se>a'a se>a'a $3"s"s en#an $3"s"s en#an an&i#en asin# an&i#en asin# /an# men/ea$an an&i#en asin# &e'la,isi an&i%i8 $%m,le$s ini mem,e'&in##i /an# men/ea$an an&i#en asin# &e'la,isi an&i%i8 $%m,le$s ini mem,e'&in##i !a# !a#%si %si&%s &%sis %l is %le3 e3 sel ,e sel ,em" m"n"3 : n"3 :kill killer er cel cell l a&a" sel a&a" sel K; a'i K; a'i %' %'#an #anism isme e /an /an# # men/e'an#. men/e'an#. 5 5 M%'!%l%#i lim!%si& a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.4 M%'!%l%#i lim!%si& a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.4 1( 1(
- 18. Gama' 2.+ Lim!%si& Gama' 2.+ Lim!%si& Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 %4!4%4% *onosit %4!4%4% *onosit M%n%s M%n%si& i& aala3 aala3 sel sel ,alin ,alin# # esa' esa' i i a'a3 a'a3 ,e'i!e ,e'i!e' '. . In&i In&i esa' esa' $aan $aan# # e'en&"$ "la& nam"n e'le$"$8 $aan# se,e'&i $a>an# me'a3. K'%ma&in l%n##a' e'en&"$ "la& nam"n e'le$"$8 $aan# se,e'&i $a>an# me'a3. K'%ma&in l%n##a'8 8 e'enan#9enan# e'enan#9enan# $asa' $asa' en#an en#an ,emaa&an ,emaa&an ae'a3 ae'a3 &e'&en&". &e'&en&". Si&%,lasma Si&%,lasma as%!il as%!il m" m"a a a&a a&a" " i' i'" " a" a"9a 9a" " &"a &"a. .+ + U$" U$"'an 'an m%n m%n%si %si& & aa aala3 la3 149 14921 21 m m :me :me'", '",a$a a$an n "$"'an &e'esa' "n&"$ le"$%si& ma&"';. "$"'an &e'esa' "n&"$ le"$%si& ma&"';.4 4 M%n% M%n%si& n% si& n%'mal i& 'mal i&em"$a em"$an ,aa n ,aa a'a3 a'a3 &e,i 195. &e,i 195. M%n% M%n%si& si& menin menin#$a& ,aa #$a& ,aa $eaaa $eaaan n in!e$s in!e$si i $'%n $'%ni$ i$ se,e'&i &"e'$" se,e'&i &"e'$"l%sis8 l%sis8 !ase ,en/em"3an $elainan ne%,lasma a&a" a,las&i$. !ase ,en/em"3an $elainan ne%,lasma a&a" a,las&i$. 8 In!e$si P'%&%%a :Mala'ia 8 In!e$si P'%&%%a :Mala'ia a an n D/ D/sen sen&' &'i i am am%e %ea a $' $'%n %ni$ i$;8 ;8 H% H%# #$i $in= n=s s i isea sease8 se8 A'& A'&'i 'i&i &is s R3 R3e" e"ma ma&% &%i i. .2 2 Si&%, Si&%,lasma m%n%si& lasma m%n%si& &e'a, &e'a,a& a& 'ela&i 'ela&i! ! lei3 an/a$ &am,a$ lei3 an/a$ &am,a$ e'@a' e'@a'na na i'" a"9a". i'" a"9a". Be' Be'e ea a en en#an #an lim lim!%s !%si&8 i&8 si&% si&%,la ,lasma sma m%n m%n%si %si& & men men#an #an"n "n# # "& "&i' i'9" 9"&i' &i' /an /an# # men#an"n# a& ,e'%$siase se,e'&i /an# i$e&em"$an alam ne"&'%!il. M%n%si& men#an"n# a& ,e'%$siase se,e'&i /an# i$e&em"$an alam ne"&'%!il. M%n%si& mam," men#aa$ mam," men#aa$an an #e'a$a #e'a$an n en#a en#an n 7alan 7alan meme memen&"$ n&"$ ,se" ,se"%,% %,%ia ia se3in# se3in##a #a a,a& e'mi#'asi menem"s $a,ile' "n&"$ mas"$ $e alam 7a'in#an ,en#i$a&. a,a& e'mi#'asi menem"s $a,ile' "n&"$ mas"$ $e alam 7a'in#an ,en#i$a&. Dalam 7a'in#an i$a& m%n%si& e'"a3 men7ai sel ma$'%!a# a&a" sel9sel lain /an# Dalam 7a'in#an i$a& m%n%si& e'"a3 men7ai sel ma$'%!a# a&a" sel9sel lain /an# i i$l $lasi asi!i !i$a $asi si$a $an n se sea a#a #ai i sel sel !a# !a#%s %si&i i&i$. $. Pa Paa a 7a 7a'i 'in# n#an an m% m%n% n%si& si& ma masi si3 3 a a,a ,a& & me mem mel ela3 a3 i i'i 'i. . Se Sela lain in e e'! '!"n "n#s #si i !a !a#% #%si si&% &%si sis s ma ma$' $'%! %!a# a# a a,a ,a& & e e', ',e' e'an an me men/ n/am am,a ,ai$ i$an an an an&i &i#e #en n $e $e,a ,aa a li lim! m!%s %si& i& "n "n&" &"$ $ e e$e $e'7 '7a a sam sama a a ala lam m sis sis&em &em im"ni&as. im"ni&as. 5 5 M%'!%l%#i m%n%si& a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.5 M%'!%l%#i m%n%si& a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.5 1+ 1+
- 19. Gama' 2.0 M%n%si& Gama' 2.0 M%n%si& Di$"&i, a'i Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 %4% Kelainan morfologi leukosit pada %4% Kelainan morfologi leukosit pada infeksi infeksi Kelain Kelainan an m%'!% m%'!%l%#i /an# l%#i /an# &e'7a &e'7ai i ,aa le"$%si& /an# ,aa le"$%si& /an# isea isea$an %le3 $an %le3 in!e$s in!e$si i a$&e'i8 a$&e'i8 -i'"s8 -i'"s8 ,a'asi& ,a'asi& an an 7am"' 7am"' a$an a$an e'ea9ea e'ea9ea ai$ ai$ $%m,%nen $%m,%nen sel sel /an# /an# i,en#a'"3i ma","n 7"mla3 7enis sel le"$%si&n/a. i,en#a'"3i ma","n 7"mla3 7enis sel le"$%si&n/a. 5 5 %4%4! 0nfeksi Bakteri %4%4! 0nfeksi Bakteri Ba$&e Ba$&e'i 'i e'asal a'i e'asal a'i $a&a la&in $a&a la&in Ba>&e'i Ba>&e'i"m :7ama$8 "m :7ama$8 a>&e'i a>&e'ia;8 a;8 aala3 $el%m, aala3 $el%m,%$ %$ &e'an/a$ a'i mi$'%%'#anisme. Be'"$"'an san#a& $e>il :68595m; an "nisel"le' &e'an/a$ a'i mi$'%%'#anisme. Be'"$"'an san#a& $e>il :68595m; an "nisel"le' en#an s&'"$&"' sel /an# 'ela&i-e see'3ana &an,a n">le"s a&a" in&i sel an %'#anel en#an s&'"$&"' sel /an# 'ela&i-e see'3ana &an,a n">le"s a&a" in&i sel an %'#anel lai lain n se, se,e'&i e'&i mi& mi&%>3 %>3%n %n'ia 'ia a&a a&a" " $l% $l%'%, '%,las. las. Ba$ Ba$&e'i &e'i mem memili ili$i $i in inin in# # sel sel /an /an# # men#an"n# ,e,&i%#li$ans an e'#e'a$ men##"na$an !la#ella. Ba$&e'i e'aa men#an"n# ,e,&i%#li$ans an e'#e'a$ men##"na$an !la#ella. Ba$&e'i e'aa imana9mana se,e'&i i&ana38 ai' an sea#ai simi%sis a'i %'#anisme. imana9mana se,e'&i i&ana38 ai' an sea#ai simi%sis a'i %'#anisme.12 12 In-asi In-asi a$&e a$&e'i 'i e'# e'#an&"n an&"n# # $emam $emam,"ann ,"ann/a /a alam alam men#3 men#3ina' ina'i i 'e,%n 'e,%n im"n im"n. . Ba Ba$& $&e'i e'i me men# n##" #"na na$a $an n me me$a $ani nisme sme /a /an# n# a a,a ,a& & me men/ n/e ea a$a $an n in in!e !e$s $si i a an n me me$a $ani nism sme e /a /an# n# a a,a ,a& & me men# n#3i 3in na'i a'i $e $e3a 3an> n>"' "'an ann/ n/a a a$ a$i ia& a& sis sis&e &em m im im"n "n. . Me$an Me$anisme isme a$&e' a$&e'i i alam men#3in alam men#3ina'i a'i s/s&em im"n s/s&em im"n en# en#an an mela$ mela$"$an 'e,li$ai "$an 'e,li$ai in&'asel"le'. Ba$&e'i 7"#a 3i", alam $a,s"l ,'%&e$&i! "n&"$ men>e#a3 lisis %le3 in&'asel"le'. Ba$&e'i 7"#a 3i", alam $a,s"l ,'%&e$&i! "n&"$ men>e#a3 lisis %le3 $%m,lemen. $%m,lemen.1) 1) Ban/a$ a$&e'i /an# men#3asil$an ,'%&ein ,e'm"$aan /an# a,a& Ban/a$ a$&e'i /an# men#3asil$an ,'%&ein ,e'm"$aan /an# a,a& 10 10
- 20. men men#"' #"'an# an#i i 'es, 'es,%n %n im" im"n n an an aa aa e ee'a, e'a,a a a$ a$&e' &e'i i /an /an# # mem memen en&"$ &"$ i% i%!ilm !ilm "n&"$ melin"n#in/a a'i s/s&em im"n. "n&"$ melin"n#in/a a'i s/s&em im"n.14 14 Ba$&e Ba$&e'i 'i a,a& a,a& 3i" 3i", , e$s&'a e$s&'asel"le' sel"le' an an in&'as in&'asel"le' el"le'8 8 a$&e a$&e'i 'i e$s&'as e$s&'asel"le' el"le' e'e,li$asi il"a' sel se,e'&i e'e,li$asi il"a' sel se,e'&i i si'$"lasi a&a" i 7a'in#an i$a&. Ba$&e'i i si'$"lasi a&a" i 7a'in#an i$a&. Ba$&e'i e$s&'asel"le' e$s&'asel"le' m"a3 i3an>"'$an %le3 'es,%n im"n alamia3 melal"i !a#%si&%sis sel ne"&'%!il. m"a3 i3an>"'$an %le3 'es,%n im"n alamia3 melal"i !a#%si&%sis sel ne"&'%!il. Sel ne"&'%!il aala3 sel !a#%si& %minan alam si'$"lasi an selal" &iail%$asi Sel ne"&'%!il aala3 sel !a#%si& %minan alam si'$"lasi an selal" &iail%$asi ,alin# >e,a& ,alin# >e,a& $a'ena san#a& $a'ena san#a& sensi&i-e &e sensi&i-e &e'3aa, sin/al '3aa, sin/al $em%&a$&i$ /an# $em%&a$&i$ /an# i$el"a'$an i$el"a'$an a$&e'i. a$&e'i. Ba$&e'i Ba$&e'i in&'asel"le' in&'asel"le' memili$i memili$i $emam,"an $emam,"an mem,e'&a3an$an mem,e'&a3an$an i'i i'i melal"i melal"i me me$a $ani nism sme e me men# n#3a 3am ma& a& !" !"si si li lis% s%s% s%m m ,a ,aa a -a -a$" $"%l %la a /a /an# n# e e'is 'isi i a a$& $&e' e'i8 i8 me men# n#3a 3ala lan# n#i i ,' ,'% %se ses s 'e 'es, s,i' i'a& a&%' %'/ / " "'s 's& & e en# n#an an li li,i ,i mi mi$' $'% %a$ a$&e &e'i 'ial al a an n men# men#3ina 3ina'i 'i ,e'an# ,e'an#$a, $a, !a#%s% !a#%s%m m en#a en#an n men## men##"na$a "na$an n lisin lisin se3in se3in##a ##a a$&e a$&e'i 'i &e &e&a &a, , a a,a ,a& & 3i 3i" ", , e ea as s a ala lam m si si&% &%,l ,las asma ma ne ne"& "&'% '%!i !il l a an n &e &e' 'e eas as a a'i 'i ,en#3an>"'an. ,en#3an>"'an.14 14 Paa in!e$si a$&e'i a$an &e'7ai ,enin#$a&an 7"mla3 ne"&'%!il /an# si#ni!i$an8 Paa in!e$si a$&e'i a$an &e'7ai ,enin#$a&an 7"mla3 ne"&'%!il /an# si#ni!i$an8 ii$"&i %le3 m%n%si&ma$'%!a#. K%m,%nen sel /an# &e',en#a'"3 ,aa $eaaan ii$"&i %le3 m%n%si&ma$'%!a#. K%m,%nen sel /an# &e',en#a'"3 ,aa $eaaan in!e$ in!e$si si a$&e a$&e'i 'i aala3 se#men in&i aala3 se#men in&i an si&%,lasma an si&%,lasma8 8 a,a& &e'7ai a,a& &e'7ai 3i,e' 3i,e'se#men se#men&asi8 &asi8 #'an"la &%$si$ an -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma sel PMN #'an"la &%$si$ an -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma sel PMN4 49 9 %4%4% 0nfeksi virus %4%4% 0nfeksi virus Paa Paa in!e$s in!e$si i -i'"s -i'"s a$an a$an &e'7a &e'7ai i ,enin ,enin#$a&a #$a&an n 7"mla 7"mla3 3 lim!% lim!%si& si& /an# /an# si#ni! si#ni!i$an. i$an. K%m,%nen sel /an# &e',en#a'"3 ,aa $eaaan in!e$si -i'"s aala3 "$"'an sel K%m,%nen sel /an# &e',en#a'"3 ,aa $eaaan in!e$si -i'"s aala3 "$"'an sel lim!% lim!%si& si& an en&"$ an en&"$ in&i se'&a in&i se'&a si&%,l si&%,lasma. Lim!%si& men#alami ,e'"a3an en&"$ asma. Lim!%si& men#alami ,e'"a3an en&"$ men7ai lim!%si& a&i,i$ men7ai lim!%si& a&i,i$ 4 49 9 1 1
- 21. Paa Paa in!e$ in!e$si si -i'"s -i'"s &e'&en &e'&en&" &" se,e'&i se,e'&i in!e$s in!e$si i -i'"s -i'"s ,% ,% m"n# m"n#$in $in sa7a sa7a &e'7a &e'7ai i ,enin#$a&an 7"mla3 as%!il. ,enin#$a&an 7"mla3 as%!il.2 2 %4%45 0nfeksi Parasit %4%45 0nfeksi Parasit Pa Paa a in! in!e$si e$si ,a' ,a'asi& asi& se, se,e'&i e'&i in! in!e$s e$si i %le %le3 3 >a> >a>in# in# :>a> :>a>in# in# ,i& ,i&a a a&a a&a" " >a>i >a>in# n# >am >am"$ "$; ; a$a a$an n &e'7 &e'7ai ai ,en ,enin# in#$a& $a&an an 7"m 7"mla3 la3 e%s e%sin% in%!il !il /an /an# # si# si#ni! ni!i$a i$ans8 ns8 &e'$aan# &e'7ai ,enin#$a&an 7"mla3 as%!il. K%m,%nen sel 'ela&i! &ia$ &e'$aan# &e'7ai ,enin#$a&an 7"mla3 as%!il. K%m,%nen sel 'ela&i! &ia$ &e',en#a'"3 ,aa $eaaan in!e$si ,a'asi&. &e',en#a'"3 ,aa $eaaan in!e$si ,a'asi&.285815 285815 %4%4' 0nfeksi 3amur %4%4' 0nfeksi 3amur Paa in!e$si Paa in!e$si Jam"' &ia$ Jam"' &ia$ &e'7a &e'7ai i ,enin ,enin#$a&an 7"mla3 le"$%si& ai$ #$a&an 7"mla3 le"$%si& ai$ #'an" #'an"l%si& l%si& ma","n a#'an"l%si&. K%m,%nen sel ,"n 'ela&i! &ia$ aa ,e'"a3an. ma","n a#'an"l%si&. K%m,%nen sel ,"n 'ela&i! &ia$ aa ,e'"a3an.5 5 %45 %45 Kelai Kelainan nan morf morfolog ologi i leuko leukosit: sit: pato patogene genesis sis dan dan pato patofisio fisiologi logi sert serta a arti arti klinisnya klinisnya Kelain Kelainan an M%'!%l M%'!%l%#i %#i Le"$% Le"$%si& si& /an# /an# m"n# m"n#$in $in &e'7a &e'7ai i aala3 aala3 $elain $elainan an ,aa ,aa si si&% &%,l ,lasm asma a se se,e ,e'& '&i i #' #'an an"l "lasi asi &% &%$s $si$ i$ :, :,a aa a in in!e !e$s $si i a a$& $&e'i e'i a$ a$"& "&8 8 l" l"$a $a a a$a $a' '8 8 in&%$si$asi;8 aan %3le :,aa $e'a>"nan8 l"$a a$a'8 in!e$si e'a&;8 lim!%si&i$ in&%$si$asi;8 aan %3le :,aa $e'a>"nan8 l"$a a$a'8 in!e$si e'a&;8 lim!%si&i$ ,lasma ,lasma i'"8 i'"8 -a$"%lisasi -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma si&%,lasma :,aa :,aa $e'a>"nan8 $e'a>"nan8 in!e$si in!e$si e'a&; e'a&; a&a" $elainan in&i sel se,e'&i 3i,e'se#men&asi :,aa anemia me#al%las&i$8 in!e$si8 a&a" $elainan in&i sel se,e'&i 3i,e'se#men&asi :,aa anemia me#al%las&i$8 in!e$si8 "'emia; "'emia; a&a" a&a" in&i in&i ,i$n%&i$ ,i$n%&i$ :,aa :,aa se,sis8 se,sis8 le"$emia;. le"$emia;.5 5 %454! /ranula toksik %454! /ranula toksik G'an"la &%$si$ aala3 s"a&" $elainan si&%,lasma ne"&'%!il e'",a #'an"la /an# G'an"la &%$si$ aala3 s"a&" $elainan si&%,lasma ne"&'%!il e'",a #'an"la /an# lei3 esa' :3i,e'#'an"la;8 $asa' ianin#$an #'an"la n%'mal8 e'@a'na lei3 lei3 esa' :3i,e'#'an"la;8 $asa' ianin#$an #'an"la n%'mal8 e'@a'na lei3 #ela, :i'" 3i&am a&a" "n#";. #ela, :i'" 3i&am a&a" "n#";. 5 5 26 26
- 22. T Te'7ain/a e'7ain/a #'an"la #'an"la &%$si$ &%$si$ aala3 aala3 saa& saa& mi$'%%'#anisme mi$'%%'#anisme i&elan i&elan %le3 %le3 ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il a$a a$an n &e'7 &e'7ai ai ,en ,en#3a #3an>" n>"'an 'an : : Respiratory Respiratory burst burst 8 8 ,en ,en#3a #3an>" n>"'an 'an en en#an #an en enim im lis%s%m an ,en#el"a'an lis%s%m an ,en#el"a'an nitric oxide nitric oxide;. Paa ;. Paa respiratory burst respiratory burst &e'7ai ,enin#$a&an &e'7ai ,enin#$a&an $%n $%ns"m s"msi si %$ %$si# si#en en 166 166 $al $ali i li, li,a&. a&. Pen Penin# in#$a& $a&an an %$s %$si#e i#en n /an /an# # es esa' a' ini ini a$a a$an n men men#a$ #a$&i- &i-asi asi en enim im ,e' ,e'm"$ m"$aan aan sel sel /an /an# # is ise" e"& & NAD NADPH9 PH9%$s %$sia iase. se. Ke& Ke&i$a i$a mi$'%%'#anisme &e'i$a& ,aa 'ese,&%' ne"&%!il8 ,'%ses %$siase a$an &e' a$&i!asi mi$'%%'#anisme &e'i$a& ,aa 'ese,&%' ne"&%!il8 ,'%ses %$siase a$an &e' a$&i!asi $em"ian m%le$"l $em"ian m%le$"l 2 2 se>a'a s,%n&an an >e,a& e'"a3 ia@a3 ,en#a'"3 enim se>a'a s,%n&an an >e,a& e'"a3 ia@a3 ,en#a'"3 enim s",e'%ie ism"&ase8 $em"ian H s",e'%ie ism"&ase8 $em"ian H2 2 2 2 a,a& a,a& i"a3 i"a3 men7ai en&"$ men7ai en&"$ lain lain melal"i melal"i a$&i-asi miel%,e'%$siase :/an# alam 7"mla3 an/a$ i&em"$an ,aa #'an"la a$&i-asi miel%,e'%$siase :/an# alam 7"mla3 an/a$ i&em"$an ,aa #'an"la ,'ime';. A$&i-asi ,'ime';. A$&i-asi miel%,e'%$siase miel%,e'%$siase ,aa ,aa #'an"la ,'ime' #'an"la ,'ime' a$an a$an me'"a3 #ama'an me'"a3 #ama'an #'an"la men7ai an%'mal e'",a #'an"la &%$si$. #'an"la men7ai an%'mal e'",a #'an"la &%$si$.+ + Gama'an #'an"la &%$si$ a,a& Gama'an #'an"la &%$si$ a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2. &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2. Gama' 2. G'an"la &%$si$ Gama' 2. G'an"la &%$si$ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 T Te'a,a& e'a,a& ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$ ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$a&an #'an"la &%$si$ /an# a&an #'an"la &%$si$ /an# a,a& i&em"i ,aa a,a& i&em"i ,aa ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.16 e'i$"&. ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.16 e'i$"&. 21 21
- 23. Gama' 2.16 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an #'an"la &%$si$ Gama' 2.16 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an #'an"la &%$si$ Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i1( 1( %454% %454% Hipersegment Hipersegmentasi asi Kelainan in&i se,e'&i 3i,e'se#men&asi iasan/a &e'7ai ,aa in!e$si $'%ni$ a&a" Kelainan in&i se,e'&i 3i,e'se#men&asi iasan/a &e'7ai ,aa in!e$si $'%ni$ a&a" se,sis. Ne"&'%!il ise"& 3i,e'se#men&asi ila &e'a,a& 25 se#men in&i 4 a&a" 4 se,sis. Ne"&'%!il ise"& 3i,e'se#men&asi ila &e'a,a& 25 se#men in&i 4 a&a" 4 se#men 5 a&a" >"$", 1 semen in&i ( a&a" lei3. se#men 5 a&a" >"$", 1 semen in&i ( a&a" lei3.1+ 1+ Selain ne"&'%!il e%sin%!il ,"n Selain ne"&'%!il e%sin%!il ,"n ,aa ,aa $eaaaan $eaaaan &%$si$ &%$si$ a,a& a,a& men7ai men7ai 3i,e'se#men&asi 3i,e'se#men&asi :)94se#men;. :)94se#men;. Kelainan Kelainan 3i,e'se#men&asi ini isea$an #an##"an ,ema&an#an ,aa in&i ne"&'%!il a&a" 3i,e'se#men&asi ini isea$an #an##"an ,ema&an#an ,aa in&i ne"&'%!il a&a" e% e%si sin% n%!i !il l sa saa& a& &e &e'7 '7a ai i in in!e !e$s $si. i. 10 10 Hi, Hi,e'se e'se#me #men&a n&asi si M%' M%'!%l !%l%#i %#i ne" ne"&'% &'%!il !il /an /an# # men#alami 3i,e'se#men&asi a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.11 men#alami 3i,e'se#men&asi a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.11 22 22
- 24. Gama' 2.11. Hi,e'se#men&asi Gama' 2.11. Hi,e'se#men&asi Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 T Te'a,a& e'a,a& ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$a&an #'an"la &%$ ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$a&an #'an"la &%$si$ /an# a,a& i&em"i ,aa si$ /an# a,a& i&em"i ,aa ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.12 e'i$"&. ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.12 e'i$"&. 2) 2)
- 25. Gama' 2.12 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an 3i,e'se#men&asi Gama' 2.12 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an 3i,e'se#men&asi Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i1( 1( %4545 .imfosit )tipik %4545 .imfosit )tipik Lim!%si& a&i,i$ aala3 lim!%si& en#an "$"'an lei3 esa' Lim!%si& a&i,i$ aala3 lim!%si& en#an "$"'an lei3 esa' ianin# n%'mal : ianin# n%'mal : 15 m;. 15 m;. Si& Si&%,l %,lasm asma a ,a ,aa a lim lim!%si !%si& & a&i a&i,i$ 7a"3 lei ,i$ 7a"3 lei3 3 an an/a$ an mem, /a$ an mem,"n "n/ai /ai #'an"la a"'%!ili$. In&i ,aa& men#el%m,%$ an &ia$ &e'li3a& ana$ in&i. Sel ini #'an"la a"'%!ili$. In&i ,aa& men#el%m,%$ an &ia$ &e'li3a& ana$ in&i. Sel ini me'",a$an me'",a$an limfosit % cytotoxic limfosit % cytotoxic a&a" ise"& 7"#a a&a" ise"& 7"#a &natural killer cell'. &natural killer cell'. Lim!%si& ini Lim!%si& ini an/a$ an/a$ i&em"$an i&em"$an ,aa ,aa in!e$si in!e$si -i'"s. -i'"s. Lim!%si& Lim!%si& a&i,i$ a&i,i$ aala3 aala3 lim!%si& lim!%si& /an# /an# esa' esa' e en# n#an an i iam ame&e e&e' ' le lei i3 3 26 26 mi mi$' $'%n %n8 8 si si&% &%,l ,lasm asma a le lei3 i3 i i'" '"8 8 in in&i &i e esa' sa' e en# n#an an si&%, si&%,lasma lasma e'le e'lei3an i3an en# en#an an en&" en&"$ $ &e'a&" &e'a&"' '. . Lim!% Lim!%si& si& a&i,i$ a,a& a&i,i$ a,a& i&em" i&em"$an $an 24 24
- 26. ,aa ,aa ,en/a$i& ,en/a$i& m%n%n">le%sis m%n%n">le%sis in!e$si%sa8 in!e$si%sa8 in!e$si in!e$si -i'"s -i'"s an an 'ea$si 'ea$si im"n%l%#is im"n%l%#is 2 2 M%'!%l%#i lim!%si& a&i,i$ a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.1) M%'!%l%#i lim!%si& a&i,i$ a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.1) Gama' 2.1) Lim!%si& a&i,i$ Gama' 2.1) Lim!%si& a&i,i$ Di$"&i, a'i A&las %! ,eia&'i> ,e'i,3e'al l%% smea's Di$"&i, a'i A&las %! ,eia&'i> ,e'i,3e'al l%% smea's %454' 2akuolisasi sitoplasma %454' 2akuolisasi sitoplasma Keaa Keaaan an ,aa sel ,aa sel ,%lim ,%lim%'!%n %'!%n"$lea "$lea' ' :PMN; en#an aan/a :PMN; en#an aan/a -a$" -a$"%lisasi /ai&" %lisasi /ai&" a' a'ea ea $% $%s% s%n# n# ,a ,aa a si si&% &%,l ,lasm asma a /a /an# n# a a,a ,a& & i ia$ a$i ia& a&$a $an n %l %le3 e3 in in!e !e$s $si i e e'a& 'a&. . a$ a$"% "%li lisas sasi i in ini i "m "m"m "mn/ n/a a &e &e' 'a, a,a& a& ,a ,aa a ne ne"& "&'% '%!i !il l &% &%$s $si$ i$8 8 3a 3al l in ini i $a $a'en 'ena a menin menin#$a&n #$a&n/a /a a$&i- a$&i-i&as i&as lis%im an lis%im an -a$"% -a$"%la9-a$ la9-a$"%la &e'se"& "%la &e'se"& aala3 sisa aala3 sisa &em,a& &em,a& ,en>e'naan ,en>e'naan ma&e'ial ma&e'ial /an# /an# i!a#%si& i!a#%si& %le3 %le3 sel sel ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il a&a","n a&a","n sel sel lain lain se,e'&i se,e'&i m%n%si&. m%n%si&.1+ 1+ M%'!%l%#i -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' M%'!%l%#i -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.14 2.14 25 25
- 27. Gama' 2.14 Gama' 2.14 a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma PMN PMN Di$"&i, a'i A&las %! ,eia&'i> ,e'i,3e'al l%% smea's Di$"&i, a'i A&las %! ,eia&'i> ,e'i,3e'al l%% smea's T Te'a,a& e'a,a& ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$ ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$a&an -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma /an# a, a&an -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma /an# a,a& i&em"i a& i&em"i ,aa ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.15 e'i$"&. ,aa ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.15 e'i$"&. 2( 2(
- 28. Gama' 2.15 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma Gama' 2.15 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i1( 1( %4549 Neutrofil piknotik %4549 Neutrofil piknotik Ne"&'%!il Ne"&'%!il ,i$n%&i$ me'",a$an ,i$n%&i$ me'",a$an ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il ne"&'%!il /an# ma&ie'e#ene'asi. /an# ma&ie'e#ene'asi. Sel Sel ini memili$i In&i /an# &ela3 memaa& en#an $'%ma&in &an,a ,%la /an# 7elas. ini memili$i In&i /an# &ela3 memaa& en#an $'%ma&in &an,a ,%la /an# 7elas. L%"s in&i &e',isa38 &ia$ aa !ilamen /an# men#3""n#$an an&a' l%"s . l%"s L%"s in&i &e',isa38 &ia$ aa !ilamen /an# men#3""n#$an an&a' l%"s . l%"s in in&i &i $e $e>i >il8 l8 #e #ela la, , a an n ,a ,aa a&. &. Ne Ne"& "&'% '%!i !il l ,i ,i$n $n%& %&i$ i$ in ini i a aal ala3 a3 in ini i$a $a&% &%' ' in in!e !e$s $si i e'$e,an7an#an e'$e,an7an#an a&a" a&a" in!e$si in!e$si e'a&. e'a&.5 5 M%'!% M%'!%l%#i ne"&'%!il ,i$n%&i l%#i ne"&'%!il ,i$n%&i$ $ a,a& &e'li3a& a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.1( se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.1( 2+ 2+
- 29. Gama' 2.1( Ne"&'%!il ,i$n%&i$ Gama' 2.1( Ne"&'%!il ,i$n%&i$ Di$"&i, a'i A&las %! ,eia&'i> ,e'i,3e'al l%% smea's Di$"&i, a'i A&las %! ,eia&'i> ,e'i,3e'al l%% smea's %454" Dohle $odies %454" Dohle $odies Sa&" Sa&" a&a" a&a" lei3 lei3 $"m, $"m,a'an a'an e'@a' e'@a'na na i'" i'" ,">a& ,">a& /an# /an# me'", me'",a$an a$an sisa9sis sisa9sisa a 'i%s%m an 'e&i$"l%si& /an# '"sa$ alam en&"$ %-al a&a" "la&8 e'@a'na i'" 'i%s%m an 'e&i$"l%si& /an# '"sa$ alam en&"$ %-al a&a" "la&8 e'@a'na i'" a"9a" an iasan/a i7"m,ai ,aa &e,i si&%,lasma ne"&'%!il. D%3le %ies a,a& a"9a" an iasan/a i7"m,ai ,aa &e,i si&%,lasma ne"&'%!il. D%3le %ies a,a& i& i&em" em"$an $an ,a ,aa a in! in!e$s e$si8 i8 >e >ee'a e'a $a' $a'ena ena s"3 s"3" " :l" :l"$a $a a$ a$a';8 a';8 $e# $e#ana anasan san8 8 se&e se&ela3 la3 $em%&e'a,i an &'a"ma. $em%&e'a,i an &'a"ma. D%3le %ies se'in# ise'&ai aan/a #'an"la &%$si$ an D%3le %ies se'in# ise'&ai aan/a #'an"la &%$si$ an -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma menana$an in!e$si a$&e'i. Kelainan ini &e'7ai $a'ena -a$"%lisasi si&%,lasma menana$an in!e$si a$&e'i. Kelainan ini &e'7ai $a'ena aan/a $e'"sa$an !%$al ,aa si&%,lasma /an# isea$an ena&"'asi a'i 'i%s%m aan/a $e'"sa$an !%$al ,aa si&%,lasma /an# isea$an ena&"'asi a'i 'i%s%m a&a" 'e&i$"l"m en%,lasma saa& &%$si$ a&a" in!e$si. a&a" 'e&i$"l"m en%,lasma saa& &%$si$ a&a" in!e$si.1+ 1+ Gama'an D%3le %ies Gama'an D%3le %ies a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.1+ a,a& &e'li3a& se,e'&i ,aa #ama' 2.1+ 20 20
- 30. Gama' 2.1+ D%3le %ies Gama' 2.1+ D%3le %ies Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/ Di$"&i, a'i Ane's%n=s A&las 3ema&%l%#/4 4 T Te'a,a& e'a,a& ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$a&an D%3le % ,e&"n7"$ men#enai &in#$a&an D%3le %ies /an# a,a& i&em"i ,aa ies /an# a,a& i&em"i ,aa ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.10 e'i$"&. ,asien in!e$si. Se,e'&i /an# &e'li3a& ,aa #ama' 2.10 e'i$"&. 2 2
- 31. Gama' 2.10 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an D%3le %ies Gama' 2.10 Pe&"n7"$ &in#$a&an D%3le %ies Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i Di$"&i, a'i G"la&i1( 1( B)B 000 B)B 000 )6 )6
- 32. ,0*P1.)N ,0*P1.)N Paa a$&i-i&as $ese3a'ian e-al"asi a'i Paa a$&i-i&as $ese3a'ian e-al"asi a'i $elain $elainan an m%'!% m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& san#a& l%#i le"$%si& san#a& ,en&in# ila$"$an "n&"$ ,en&in# ila$"$an "n&"$ memas&i$an $elainan memas&i$an $elainan $linis /an# $linis /an# &e'7ai &e'7ai ,aa ,asien ,aa ,asien an an 7"#a a,a& meman&" a'a3 &e'a,i %le3 $linisi. Kelainan m%'!%l%#i le"$% 7"#a a,a& meman&" a'a3 &e'a,i %le3 $linisi. Kelainan m%'!%l%#i le"$%si& e'ea si& e'ea ,aa se&ia, ,en/ea in!e$si :a$&e'i8 -i'"s8 7am"' ,aa se&ia, ,en/ea in!e$si :a$&e'i8 -i'"s8 7am"'8 an ,a'asi&;. 8 an ,a'asi&;. Paa Paa $as"s $as"s in!e$s in!e$si i se'in# se'in# i&em i&em"$an "$an $elain $elainan an m%'!% m%'!%l%#i l%#i le"$% le"$%si&. si&. Kelain Kelainan an /an# ,alin# se'in# &e'7ai aala3 ,aa sel ne"&'%!il an lim!%si&. Pe'"a3an &e'7ai /an# ,alin# se'in# &e'7ai aala3 ,aa sel ne"&'%!il an lim!%si&. Pe'"a3an &e'7ai aala3 ,aa 7"mla3 an $%m,%nen sel se,e''&i ,aa in&i a&a" si&%,lasma sel. aala3 ,aa 7"mla3 an $%m,%nen sel se,e''&i ,aa in&i a&a" si&%,lasma sel. Kel Kelain ainan an a, a,a& a& e' e'",a ",a #'a #'an"l n"la a &%$ &%$si$ si$8 8 -a$ -a$"%l "%lisas isasi8 i8 3i, 3i,e'se e'se#me #men&a n&asi si 8 8 Dohle Dohle b bo od di ie es s a an n $e $ela lain inan an la lain in. . Pe Pe' 'e eaa aan n 7" 7"ml mla3 a3 a an n m% m%'! '!%l %l%# %#i i le le"$ "$%s %si& i& a a,a ,a& & meman&" menen&"$an ,en/ea :e&i%l%#i; in!e$si. meman&" menen&"$an ,en/ea :e&i%l%#i; in!e$si. )1 )1
- 33. SUMMARY SUMMARY !n the !n the daily actiity, ealuation of daily actiity, ealuation of morphological abnormalities of morphological abnormalities of leucocytes leucocytes is essential to ensure clinical abnormalities that occur in patients and can also is essential to ensure clinical abnormalities that occur in patients and can also help toards therapy by clinicians. #bnormalities of leucocyte morphology is help toards therapy by clinicians. #bnormalities of leucocyte morphology is differ different for ent for each cause of each cause of infect infection (bacteria ion (bacteria, iruses, fungi, and parasite , iruses, fungi, and parasites). s). !n !n cases cases of of infection infection are are often often found found morphological morphological abnormalities abnormalities of of leukocytes. %he disorder is most common in leukocytes. %he disorder is most common in neutroph neutrophil and lymphocyte cells il and lymphocyte cells. . hange occurs is the amount and components of the cell nucleus or cytoplasm hange occurs is the amount and components of the cell nucleus or cytoplasm seperrti seperrti the the cell. cell. *elainan *elainan can can be be toxic toxic granules, granules, acuoli+ation, acuoli+ation, hypers hypersegment egmentation ation, , Dohle bodies Dohle bodies and and other abnormal other abnormalities. Differen ities. Differences ces in in the the number and number and morphology of leukocytes can morphology of leukocytes can help determine cause of help determine cause of infection. infection. )2 )2
- 34. )) )) P1,T)K) );1)N P1,T)K) );1)N 1. 1. M. M.Ha Ha'm 'men enin in# D. <l # D. <lin ini> i>al 3 al 3em ema& a&%l %l%# %#/ an / an !" !"n nam amen en&a &als % ls %! 3em ! 3em%s %s&a &asi sis. s. Eisi $e95. F'a&an&%'% <8 ei&%' P3ilael,3ia F.A Da-is >%m,an/266. Eisi $e95. F'a&an&%'% <8 ei&%' P3ilael,3ia F.A Da-is >%m,an/266. 3lm. )948 )659))6. 3lm. )948 )659))6. 2 2. . H Ha al ll l R R. . M Me e i i> >a al l l la a % %' 'a a& &% %' '/ / H Ha ae em ma a& &% %l l% %# #/ /. . L L% %n n % %n n B B" "& && &e e' '@ @% %' '& &3 3 >%104. 3lm. 4(1920. >%104. 3lm. 4(1920. ). ). F' F'e" e"n n M. M. A& A&la las 3 s 3em ema& a&%l %l%# %#i. i. M" M"n> n>3e 3en n El Else se-i -ie' e'2 266 660. 0. 4. 4. An Ane e's 's%n S. A %n S. A&l &las %! 3em as %! 3ema& a&%l %l%# %#/ /. . E Eis isi i $e $e92 92n n. . P3 P3il ila ael el,3 ,3ia ia Li, Li,,i ,in> n>%& %&& & @illiams @illiams il$ins261 il$ins2614. 4. 5 5. . J Ja an n l l J JH H. . B Bl l% %% % & &e e & & % %! ! 3 3e em ma a& &% %l l% %# #/ /. . B B% %s s& &% %n n L Li i& && &l le e8 8 B B' '% %@ @n n a an n <%m,an/2666. 3lm. 4419554. <%m,an/2666. 3lm. 4419554. (. (. Mi Mial ale J. L e J. La a%' %'a& a&%' %'/ me / mei i>i >ine ne. Mi . Miam ami M i M%s %s/ /1 10 02. 3 2. 3lm lm. (5 . (509 09(0 (0+. +. +. +. G' G'ee ee' ' J. J. in in&' &'% %e es <li s <lini ni>a >al l 3e 3ema ma&% &%l% l%#/ #/. Ei . Eisi $e si $e91 916& 6&3. 3.1 1 . . 3l 3lm. 10 m. 1061 619 9 101+. 101+. 0. 0. He He>$ >$ne ne' F ' F. . A& A&la las 3e s 3ema ma&% &%l% l%#i #i. E . Eis isi $ i $e9 e9& &3. 3. Ja Ja$a $a'& '&a 1 a 1 . . . . H Ha a/ /s s T T. . A A& &l la as s % %! ! , ,e e i ia a& &' 'i i> > , ,e e' 'i i, ,3 3e e' 'a al l l l% %% % s sm me ea a' 's s. . < <% %l l% %' 'a a % % A%&&2660. 3lm. 249)6. A%&&2660. 3lm. 249)6. 16 16. . JM DD JM DDP P8 ei 8 ei&% &%' '. 3i . 3i&e l% &e l%% >el % >ell is% l is%' 'e' e'. 4 . 4 e e. P3i . P3ila lael el,3 ,3ia F ia F.A D .A Da- a-is is <%m,an/ 2662. <%m,an/ 2662. 1 11. 1. S&' S&'"&3 "&3e's J e's JK8 K8 es&' es&'an R an RP P. <li . <lini> ni>al Ba al Ba>&e >&e'i%l 'i%l%#/ %#/. L% . L%n% n%n Ma n Mans% ns%n2 n266) 66). . 12. 12. G'e G'een@ en@%% %%. Ba . Ba>&e' >&e'ial ial ,a& ,a&3%# 3%#ene ene>i&/ >i&/. < . <3"' 3"'>il >ill L l Li-i i-in#s n#s&%n &%ne El e Else- se-ie' ie'266 266+. +. 3lm. 15491(1. 3lm. 15491(1. 1) 1). . Ma Male B. Imm le B. Imm"n "ni& i&/ / &% a &% a>& >&e' e'ia an !" ia an !"n# n#i. E i. Eis isi i $e $e9+ 9+.M .M%s %s/ /2 266 66(. 3l (. 3lm. m. 25+92(). 25+92(). 14 14. . S& S&'" '"&3 &3e' e's s . . S& S&'" '">& >&"' "'e e an an !"n> !"n>&i% &i%n n %! a> %! a>&e' &e'ia ia.M .Man ans% s%n ," n ,"lis lis3i 3in# n#2 266 665. 5. 3lm. 91+. 3lm. 91+. 15 15. . Is Isi is&e s&e' '. . <l <lin ini> i>al 3aem al 3aema& a&%l %l%# %#/ /. . S/ S/n ne/ e/ il illia liams ms il il$i $ins ns1 10 0(. 3lm (. 3lm. . 2669244. 2669244. 1( 1(. . G" G"la& la&i G. Bl% i G. Bl%% >el % >ell m%' l m%',3 ,3%l %l%# %#/ #'a / #'ai in# #" n# #"i ie. P3 e. P3il ila aell ell,3 ,3ia ia 261 2616. 3l 6. 3lm. m. 409(0. 409(0. 1 1+. +. R R% %ia ian& n&% % T T. . $ $el elai aina nan n le le"$ "$%s %si& i& le le" "$e $emi mia a mi miel el% %ma ma m" m"l& l&i, i,el el. . Ba Ban n"n "n# # Pa&%l%#i $lini$ FK Un,a2664. Pa&%l%#i $lini$ FK Un,a2664. 1 10. 0. !. !.'% '% a$ a$ B. B. He Hema ma&% &%l% l%# #/ / >l >lin ini> i>al al ,' ,'in in>i >i,l ,les es an an a, a,li li>a >a&i &i%n %ns. s. In In ia iana na Else-ie'2612. Else-ie'2612.