DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES.pptx
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A complete guide about distal radius fractures for beginners in the career of orthopedics. Complete description with Anatomy and pathophysiology with x-rays at each step
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This document discusses fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), which are techniques used to assess the physiological significance of coronary artery stenosis. It provides an overview of coronary physiology concepts, landmark studies supporting the use of FFR and iFR in guiding revascularization, techniques for measuring FFR and iFR, their applications in different clinical scenarios, and guidelines recommending their use.
Parapharyngeal space
The para-pharyngeal space is an inverted pyramid-shaped area located between the muscles of mastication and muscles of deglutition. It has important structures passing through like the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves. Lesions in this space can be benign like pleomorphic adenomas or malignant like metastases. Imaging with CT or MRI is important for evaluating these lesions. The transcervical approach is most commonly used for surgery but transoral, transparotid, and infratemporal fossa approaches may also be used depending on the location and extent of the lesion. Complications can include nerve injuries, bleeding, and infection. New advances like transoral robotic surgery may help access some lesions with fewer complications.
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我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
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Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
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Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
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DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES.pptx
- 1. DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES DR AHMED FAIZAN KHAN MEDICAL OFFICER DEPARTMENT OF ORTHOPEDICS IHT
- 2. • THE RADIUS IS A LONG BONE IN THE FOREARM. IT LIES LATERALLY AND PARALLEL TO ULNA • THE RADIUS PIVOTS AROUND THE ULNA TO PRODUCE MOVEMENT AT PROXIMAL AND DISTAL RADIO-ULNAR JOINTS
- 4. BLOOD SUPPLY ULNAR ARTERY RADIAL ARTERY ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS ARTERY POSTERIOIR INTEROSSEOUS ARTERY
- 6. • DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES ARE THE MOST COMMON ORTHOPAEDIC INJURY AND GENERALLY RESULT FROM FALL ON AN OUTSTRETCHED HAND • DIAGNOSIS IS MADE CLINICALLY AND RADIOGRAPICALLY
- 7. TREATMENT CAN BE NON- OPERATIVE OR OPERATIVE DEPENDING ON FRACTURE STABILITY AND FRACTURE DISPLACEMENT AS WELL AS PATIENTS AGE AND ACTIVITY DEMANDS.
- 8. INCIDENCE IS 17.5% OF ALL FRACTURES IN ADULTS MORE COMMON IN FEMALES (2-3:1) YOUNGER PATIENTS DUE TO HIGH ENERGY IMPACT OLDER PATIENTS DUE TO LOW ENERGY IMPACT
- 9. RISK FACTORS • OSTEOPOROSIS • OBESITY • POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN • FREQUENT FALLS
- 10. CLASSIFICATION FRYKMAN ( BASED ON JOINT INVOLVEMENT ) AO CLASSIFICATION
- 14. DIE-PUNCH FRACTURE • DEPRESSED FRACTURE OF THE LUNATE FOSSA OF THE ARTICULAR SURFACE OF THE DISTAL RADIUS
- 15. BARTON’S FRACTURE • FRACTURE –DISLOCATION OF RADIOCARPAL JOINT WITH INTRA-ARTICULAR FRACTURE INVOLVING THE VOLAR OR DORSAL LIP (VOLAR BARTON OR DORSAL BARTON FRACTURE)
- 16. CHAUFFER’S FRACTURE • RADIAL STYLOID FRACTURE
- 17. COLLES FRACTURE: • LOW ENERGY , DORSALLY DISPLACED, EXTRA-ARTICULAR FRACTURE
- 18. SMITH’S FRACTURE • LOW ENERGY, VOLARLY DISPLACED, EXTRA-ARTICULAR FRACTURE
- 19. CLINICAL MANAGEMENT • HISTORY • PHYSICAL EXAMINATION • IMAGING • TREATMENT
- 21. CT SCAN TO EVALUATE INTRA- ARTICULAR INVOLVEMENT AND SURGICAL PLANNING MRI SCAN
- 22. TREATMENT NON-OPERATIVE CLOSED REDUCTION AND SPLINT/CAST IMMOBILIZATION OPERATIVE CLOSED REDUCTION AND PERCUTANEOUS K-WIRING OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION EXTERNAL FIXATOR APPLICATION
- 27. LIGAMENTOTAXIS IT IS A PRINCIPLE OF MOLDING FRACTURE FRAGMENTS INTO ALIGNMENT AS A RESULT OF TENSION APPLIED ACROSS A FRACTURE BY THE SURROUNDING INTACT SOFT TISSUES
- 30. EPL RUPTURE FPL RUPTURE RADIOCARPAL ARTHROSIS MAL-UNION NON-UNION
- 31. PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP 40 PERCENT OF ALL PEDIATRIC LONG BONES FRACTURES INCIDENCE IS GREATER IN MALES AS COMPARED TO FEMALES 10 TO 12 YEARS IN GIRLS 12 TO 14 YEARS IN BOYS MOST COMMON FRACTURE IN CHILDERN UNDER 16 YEARS OLD
- 33. FRACTURES