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cifruli fotokamerebi atomobili, rom iseve ganviTarebuliyo, rogorc kompiuteri -  dReisaTvis “rols-rois”-i eRireboda 10$, eqneboda asanTis kolofis zomis Zravi da 1000 kilometrze dasWirdeboda 1 l. benzini. fotofiriani kamera rom iseve ganviTarebuliyo, rogorc cifruli - fotofirs Zafis sigane eqneboda da daeteoda 1000 foto. pirveli cifruli gamosaxulebebi jer kidev 60–ian wlebSi iqna miRebuli, rodesac amerikelma astronavtebma mTvaris zedapiris kartografiuli gadaRebebi moaxdines da cifruli gamosaxuleba dedamiwaze gadmosces. Sony Mavica   pirveli cifruli fotokamera   korporacia  Sony –is mier 1981 wels gamoSvebuli  iqna pirveli cifruli fotokamera  Sony Mavica (Magnetic Video Camera).  es iyo Cveulebrvi sarkuli fotokamera, romelsac ecvleboda obieqtivi da a.S. magram gamosaxuleba fotofiris magivrad magnitur diskze inaxeboda. misi garCevadoba iyo  570×490 piqseli. (0,28 mp). 1986 wels firmebma  Canon  da  Nikon - mac   gamouSves cifruli fotokamerebi. aseve unda aRiniSnos firma  Kodak –is mier 1986 wels SemoRebuli iqna termini “megapiqseli”, Seqmna ra 1,4 mp-iani foto sensori . (1 megapiqsel = 1 000 000 pixel.)  1970 wlidan firma  Kodak  intensiurad iwyebs cifrul formatze muSaobas, 1990 wlisTvis igi qmnis  Kodak Photo CD  standarts, ris Semdegac firma  Nikon -Tan erTad uSvebs cifrul kamera  Nikon F3  –s, riTac dasrulda kidec cifruli fotokamerebis Seqmnis pirveli etapi.
cifruli fotoformatis ganviTarebis meore etapi iwyeba XX-e saukunis 90-iani wlebidan. srulfasovani cifruli kamerebis warmoebaSi pirveloba kompania  Fuji –is ekuTvnis. 1988 wels firma  Toshiba  –sTan erTad gamouSves 0.4 mpiqseliani kamera  DS-1P.  misi fotomgrZnobiare elementi warmoadgenda  CCD  (???!!!)   fotosensors da rac mTavaria masSi gamosaxuleba magnituri diskis magivrad iwereboda  statikuri maxsovrobis mqone  SRAM (Static RAM)  mowyobilobaSi. amave wels  Apple  da  Kodak  qmnian programas  PhotoMac  cifruli gamosaxulebis kompiuteruli damuSavebisTvis. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisisTvis cifruli samoyvarulo kamerebis fasebi 5 000$ dan 15 000$ mde iyo. 1993 wlisTvis gamoCnda cifruli fotokamera, romlis fasic 1000$-ze naklebi iyo. kompania  Apple  –ma 1994 wlisTvis gamouSva masiuriwarmoebis cifruli fotokamera  QuickTake 100  , romelSic gamosaxuleba “fleS’ maxsovrobaSi iwereboda da SeeZlo  Seenaxa 8 gamosaxuleba zomiT 640X480-ze. (0.3 mp.) an 32 gamosaxuleba zomiT 320X200 piqselze. kameris fasi 800 dolarze naklebi iyo. amave wels gamoCnda maxsovrobis modulebi  Compact Flash  da  SmartMedia  2-dan 24 megabaitamde. Apple.  1994w. masiuriwarmoebis cifruli fotokamera  QuickTake 100 90-iani wlebSi kompaniebis:  Kodak, Kinko, Microsoft,   IBM, Hewlett-Packard -  erToblivi ZalisxmeviT Seiqmna pirveli Wavluri feradi fotoprinteri, romelmac 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganviTarebuli cifruli fotogadaReba Zviri siamovnebidan Cveulebriv sayofacxovrebo saTamaSod gadaaqcia.  XX-e saukunis bolo aTwleuli iyo cifruli fotoformatis seriozuli ganviTarebis aTwleuli.
CCD 1830 wlidan talbotisa da dageris mier fotografirebis principebis aRmoCenis Semdeg firiani fotoaparatebi dRemde optikas, meqanikasa da qimias emyareba.  Tanamedrove cifrul fotokameraSi mxolod optika SemorCa. fotofiri Secvala fotosensorma, uamravi meqanikuri detali eleqtronulma komponentebma.
CCD cifruli kameris ZiriTad elements warmoadgens fotomgZnobiare sensori  CCD,  romelmac Secvala qimiuri SuqmgZnobiare feniT dafaruli fotofiri. mikrolinza Suqfiltri fotosensori   ganaTebisa da sinaTlis intensivobis proporciuli eleqtronebis nakadi (deni) mikrolinza
obieqtivi cifruli kameris struqtura ADC G R B sensori gamaZliereblebi analogur-cifruli gardamqmneli “ fleS” maxsovroba
cifruli kameris Tvisebebi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
cifrul fototeqnikaSi gamoyenebuli terminebi kameris tipi kamera SeiZleba iyos kompaqturi an sarkuli. kompaqtur kameras obieqtivi CamontaJebuli aqvs da ar ecvleba. sarkul  kamerebs SeiZleba SevurCioT situaciis Sesabamisi obieqtivi. maqsimaluri garCevadoba cifruli fotos xarisxi damokidebulia kameris fotosensoris piqselebis raodenobaze. rac ufro meti piqselia miT ufro zustia ferTa gadmocema.  maxsovroba “ fleS ”  maxsovroba, romelSic fiqsirdeba gadaRebuli kadrebi. gviCvenebs ramdeni kadri SegviZlia SevinaxoT fotokameraSi kompiuterSi gadatvirTvamde. izomeba megabaitebSi.
safokuso manZili  (35 mm. firis eqvivalenti.) safokuso manZili esaa manZili, romelsac gaivlis sinaTlis sxivi obieqtivSi gardatexidan fotomgZnobiare elementamde.  rac metia safokuso manZili miT metia gadaRebis kuTxe, Sesabamisad kadrSi ufro didi gamosaxuleba Tavsdeba. zogierT modelebs safokuso manZili fiqsirebuli aqvs da aRiniSneba erTi ricxvT. im modelebs romelTac gaaCniaT  ZOOM,  safokuso manZili SeiZleba ramdenjerme Seecvalos Sorebuli obieqtebis gadasaRebad. sarkian fotokamerebs safokuso manZili SeiZleba obieqtivis SecvliTac SevucvaloT. cifrul fototeqnikaSi gamoyenebuli terminebi ZOOM  (transfokatori.) mowyobiloba romlis saSualebiTac SeiZleba Seicvalos safokuso manZili, anu movaxdinoT gadasaRebi obieqtis moaxloveba an daSoreba. dayovneba dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic Riaa kameris Suqfari da fotosensorze xdeba gamosaxulebis aRbeWdva. izomeba miliwamebSi. Arseboben avtomaturi, xeliT regulirebadi da fiqsirebuli dayovnebiani modelebi.
diafragma fotokameris obieqtivSi ganTavsebuli mowyobiloba obieqtivis muSa xvrelis mdored Sesacvlelad. diafragmis xvrelis gavliT gamosaxuleba xvdeba fotokameraSi.  cifrul fototeqnikaSi gamoyenebuli terminebi maxsovroba eleqtronuli mowyobiloba romelSic iwereba gadaRebuli fotomasalis cifruli kodi. igi gvxvdeba sami tipis  PC- card  ATA flash. Smart media  da  Compact flash.  rac meti maxsovroba aqvs kameras,  meti kadris damaxsovreba SeuZlia kompiuterSi gadatvirTvamde. wiTeli Tvalisgan dacva Tvalis centralur nawilSi ferad gamosaxulebaze – mkveTri wiTeli, SavTeTrze ki TeTri wris gaCenis efeqti. maRali klasis fotokamerebze damontaJebulia specialuri mowyobilobebi am arasasiamovno efeqtis aRmosafxvrelad.

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Digital Cam

  • 1. cifruli fotokamerebi atomobili, rom iseve ganviTarebuliyo, rogorc kompiuteri - dReisaTvis “rols-rois”-i eRireboda 10$, eqneboda asanTis kolofis zomis Zravi da 1000 kilometrze dasWirdeboda 1 l. benzini. fotofiriani kamera rom iseve ganviTarebuliyo, rogorc cifruli - fotofirs Zafis sigane eqneboda da daeteoda 1000 foto. pirveli cifruli gamosaxulebebi jer kidev 60–ian wlebSi iqna miRebuli, rodesac amerikelma astronavtebma mTvaris zedapiris kartografiuli gadaRebebi moaxdines da cifruli gamosaxuleba dedamiwaze gadmosces. Sony Mavica pirveli cifruli fotokamera korporacia Sony –is mier 1981 wels gamoSvebuli iqna pirveli cifruli fotokamera Sony Mavica (Magnetic Video Camera). es iyo Cveulebrvi sarkuli fotokamera, romelsac ecvleboda obieqtivi da a.S. magram gamosaxuleba fotofiris magivrad magnitur diskze inaxeboda. misi garCevadoba iyo 570×490 piqseli. (0,28 mp). 1986 wels firmebma Canon da Nikon - mac gamouSves cifruli fotokamerebi. aseve unda aRiniSnos firma Kodak –is mier 1986 wels SemoRebuli iqna termini “megapiqseli”, Seqmna ra 1,4 mp-iani foto sensori . (1 megapiqsel = 1 000 000 pixel.) 1970 wlidan firma Kodak intensiurad iwyebs cifrul formatze muSaobas, 1990 wlisTvis igi qmnis Kodak Photo CD standarts, ris Semdegac firma Nikon -Tan erTad uSvebs cifrul kamera Nikon F3 –s, riTac dasrulda kidec cifruli fotokamerebis Seqmnis pirveli etapi.
  • 2. cifruli fotoformatis ganviTarebis meore etapi iwyeba XX-e saukunis 90-iani wlebidan. srulfasovani cifruli kamerebis warmoebaSi pirveloba kompania Fuji –is ekuTvnis. 1988 wels firma Toshiba –sTan erTad gamouSves 0.4 mpiqseliani kamera DS-1P. misi fotomgrZnobiare elementi warmoadgenda CCD (???!!!) fotosensors da rac mTavaria masSi gamosaxuleba magnituri diskis magivrad iwereboda statikuri maxsovrobis mqone SRAM (Static RAM) mowyobilobaSi. amave wels Apple da Kodak qmnian programas PhotoMac cifruli gamosaxulebis kompiuteruli damuSavebisTvis. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisisTvis cifruli samoyvarulo kamerebis fasebi 5 000$ dan 15 000$ mde iyo. 1993 wlisTvis gamoCnda cifruli fotokamera, romlis fasic 1000$-ze naklebi iyo. kompania Apple –ma 1994 wlisTvis gamouSva masiuriwarmoebis cifruli fotokamera QuickTake 100 , romelSic gamosaxuleba “fleS’ maxsovrobaSi iwereboda da SeeZlo Seenaxa 8 gamosaxuleba zomiT 640X480-ze. (0.3 mp.) an 32 gamosaxuleba zomiT 320X200 piqselze. kameris fasi 800 dolarze naklebi iyo. amave wels gamoCnda maxsovrobis modulebi Compact Flash da SmartMedia 2-dan 24 megabaitamde. Apple. 1994w. masiuriwarmoebis cifruli fotokamera QuickTake 100 90-iani wlebSi kompaniebis: Kodak, Kinko, Microsoft, IBM, Hewlett-Packard - erToblivi ZalisxmeviT Seiqmna pirveli Wavluri feradi fotoprinteri, romelmac 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganviTarebuli cifruli fotogadaReba Zviri siamovnebidan Cveulebriv sayofacxovrebo saTamaSod gadaaqcia. XX-e saukunis bolo aTwleuli iyo cifruli fotoformatis seriozuli ganviTarebis aTwleuli.
  • 3. CCD 1830 wlidan talbotisa da dageris mier fotografirebis principebis aRmoCenis Semdeg firiani fotoaparatebi dRemde optikas, meqanikasa da qimias emyareba. Tanamedrove cifrul fotokameraSi mxolod optika SemorCa. fotofiri Secvala fotosensorma, uamravi meqanikuri detali eleqtronulma komponentebma.
  • 4. CCD cifruli kameris ZiriTad elements warmoadgens fotomgZnobiare sensori CCD, romelmac Secvala qimiuri SuqmgZnobiare feniT dafaruli fotofiri. mikrolinza Suqfiltri fotosensori ganaTebisa da sinaTlis intensivobis proporciuli eleqtronebis nakadi (deni) mikrolinza
  • 5. obieqtivi cifruli kameris struqtura ADC G R B sensori gamaZliereblebi analogur-cifruli gardamqmneli “ fleS” maxsovroba
  • 6.
  • 7. cifrul fototeqnikaSi gamoyenebuli terminebi kameris tipi kamera SeiZleba iyos kompaqturi an sarkuli. kompaqtur kameras obieqtivi CamontaJebuli aqvs da ar ecvleba. sarkul kamerebs SeiZleba SevurCioT situaciis Sesabamisi obieqtivi. maqsimaluri garCevadoba cifruli fotos xarisxi damokidebulia kameris fotosensoris piqselebis raodenobaze. rac ufro meti piqselia miT ufro zustia ferTa gadmocema. maxsovroba “ fleS ” maxsovroba, romelSic fiqsirdeba gadaRebuli kadrebi. gviCvenebs ramdeni kadri SegviZlia SevinaxoT fotokameraSi kompiuterSi gadatvirTvamde. izomeba megabaitebSi.
  • 8. safokuso manZili (35 mm. firis eqvivalenti.) safokuso manZili esaa manZili, romelsac gaivlis sinaTlis sxivi obieqtivSi gardatexidan fotomgZnobiare elementamde. rac metia safokuso manZili miT metia gadaRebis kuTxe, Sesabamisad kadrSi ufro didi gamosaxuleba Tavsdeba. zogierT modelebs safokuso manZili fiqsirebuli aqvs da aRiniSneba erTi ricxvT. im modelebs romelTac gaaCniaT ZOOM, safokuso manZili SeiZleba ramdenjerme Seecvalos Sorebuli obieqtebis gadasaRebad. sarkian fotokamerebs safokuso manZili SeiZleba obieqtivis SecvliTac SevucvaloT. cifrul fototeqnikaSi gamoyenebuli terminebi ZOOM (transfokatori.) mowyobiloba romlis saSualebiTac SeiZleba Seicvalos safokuso manZili, anu movaxdinoT gadasaRebi obieqtis moaxloveba an daSoreba. dayovneba dro, romlis ganmavlobaSic Riaa kameris Suqfari da fotosensorze xdeba gamosaxulebis aRbeWdva. izomeba miliwamebSi. Arseboben avtomaturi, xeliT regulirebadi da fiqsirebuli dayovnebiani modelebi.
  • 9. diafragma fotokameris obieqtivSi ganTavsebuli mowyobiloba obieqtivis muSa xvrelis mdored Sesacvlelad. diafragmis xvrelis gavliT gamosaxuleba xvdeba fotokameraSi. cifrul fototeqnikaSi gamoyenebuli terminebi maxsovroba eleqtronuli mowyobiloba romelSic iwereba gadaRebuli fotomasalis cifruli kodi. igi gvxvdeba sami tipis PC- card ATA flash. Smart media da Compact flash. rac meti maxsovroba aqvs kameras, meti kadris damaxsovreba SeuZlia kompiuterSi gadatvirTvamde. wiTeli Tvalisgan dacva Tvalis centralur nawilSi ferad gamosaxulebaze – mkveTri wiTeli, SavTeTrze ki TeTri wris gaCenis efeqti. maRali klasis fotokamerebze damontaJebulia specialuri mowyobilobebi am arasasiamovno efeqtis aRmosafxvrelad.