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Digestion
• Phases Include
1. Ingestion
2. Movement
3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination
Digestion- is the process of breaking down food into
a form your body can use.
Digestion
• Types
– Mechanical (physical)
• Chew
• Tear
• Grind
• Mash
• Mix
– Chemical
• Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
Digestive System Organization
• Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
– Tube within a tube
– Direct link/path between organs
– Structures
• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small intestine
• Large Intestine
• Rectum
4
Mouth
• Teeth mechanically
break down food into
small pieces. Tongue
mixes food with saliva
(contains amylase,
which helps break down
starch).
• Epiglottis is a flap-like
structure at the back of
the throat that closes
over the trachea
preventing food from
entering it.
Esophagus
• Approximately 10” long
• Functions include:
1. Secrete mucus
2. Moves food from the throat to
the stomach using muscle
movement called peristalsis
• If acid from the stomach gets in
here that’s heartburn.
Stomach
• J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food
you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.
• Mixes food with digestive juices that
contain enzymes to break down proteins
and lipids.
• Acid in the stomach kills bacteria.
• Food found in the stomach is called chyme.
7
Small Intestine
• Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long
• Lining of intestine walls has finger-like
projections called villi, to increase surface
area.
• The villi are covered in microvilli which
further increases surface area for
absorption.
8
10/3/2022 9
Small Intestine
• Nutrients from the food pass into the
bloodstream through the small
intestine walls.
• Absorbs:
– 80% ingested water
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
• Secretes digestive enzymes
10
Large Intestine
• About 5 feet long
• Accepts what small intestines don’t
absorb
• Rectum (short term storage which
holds feces before it is expelled).
Large Intestine
• Functions
– Bacterial digestion
• Ferment carbohydrates
• Protein breakdown
– Absorbs more water
– Concentrate wastes
Accessory Organs
• Not part of the path
of food, but play a
critical role.
• Include: Liver, gall
bladder, and
pancreas
Liver
• Directly affects digestion by producing
bile
– Bile helps digest fat
• filters out toxins and waste including
drugs and alcohol
14
Gall Bladder
• Stores bile from the
liver, releases it into the
small intestine.
• Fatty diets can cause
gallstones
Pancreas
• Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and
proteins
• Regulates blood sugar
by producing insulin
Fun Facts
• HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet
in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their
coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long!
• Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine
can last 18 hours to 2 days!
• In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle
about 50 tons!!

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digestive-system-power-point (1).ppt

  • 1.
  • 2. Digestion • Phases Include 1. Ingestion 2. Movement 3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion 4. Absorption 5. Elimination Digestion- is the process of breaking down food into a form your body can use.
  • 3. Digestion • Types – Mechanical (physical) • Chew • Tear • Grind • Mash • Mix – Chemical • Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Lipids
  • 4. Digestive System Organization • Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract – Tube within a tube – Direct link/path between organs – Structures • Mouth • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Small intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum 4
  • 5. Mouth • Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch). • Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it.
  • 6. Esophagus • Approximately 10” long • Functions include: 1. Secrete mucus 2. Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis • If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s heartburn.
  • 7. Stomach • J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces. • Mixes food with digestive juices that contain enzymes to break down proteins and lipids. • Acid in the stomach kills bacteria. • Food found in the stomach is called chyme. 7
  • 8. Small Intestine • Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long • Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area. • The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption. 8
  • 10. Small Intestine • Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. • Absorbs: – 80% ingested water – Vitamins – Minerals – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Lipids • Secretes digestive enzymes 10
  • 11. Large Intestine • About 5 feet long • Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb • Rectum (short term storage which holds feces before it is expelled).
  • 12. Large Intestine • Functions – Bacterial digestion • Ferment carbohydrates • Protein breakdown – Absorbs more water – Concentrate wastes
  • 13. Accessory Organs • Not part of the path of food, but play a critical role. • Include: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas
  • 14. Liver • Directly affects digestion by producing bile – Bile helps digest fat • filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol 14
  • 15. Gall Bladder • Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine. • Fatty diets can cause gallstones
  • 16. Pancreas • Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins • Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
  • 17. Fun Facts • HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 25 feet in an adult. Be glad you're not a full-grown horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 89 feet long! • Food drying up and hanging out in the large intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days! • In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50 tons!!